Objective To study the therapeutic effects of prostaglandin E1 on the neonates with transposition of the great vessels with intact ventricular septum (TGV/IVS) retrospectively. Method From January 2004 to June 2009, 34 neonates with TGV/IVS were enrolled in this study. The pulse rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2) of patients were measured percutaneouly at admission. Lipo-prostaglandin E1 (Lipo-PGE1) was administered via peripheral vein with pumping infusion continuously after diagnosis by echocardiography in order to keep the ductus arteriosus (DA) patent. The dose and the time required for the Lipo-PGEl to produce effect were recorded. The changes of SpO2 before and after administration of Lipo-PGE1 were observed. The changes of DA's diameter detected by using echocardiography before and during the operation. Results In all patients the initial dose of Lipo-PGEl was 5 ng/( kg·min) except 3 patients whom larger dosed were required to give guided by the change of SpO2 with 10 ng/(kg·min) in two patients and 15 ng/(kg·min) in one patient. The time required for Lipo-PGE to produce the effect was 5-15 minutes in most infants with mean of (12 ± 3) minutes. The mean SpO2 of the patients measured at admission was (80.05±7.64)%, and it was (86.41±4.83)% two hours before operation (P < 0.05). The average diameter of DA was (0.37±0.08) cm at the time diagnosis and it was (0.51 ±0.15) cm during the operation. The adverse effects occurred in two patients and one of them had apnea and was treated mechanical ventilation. Conclusions Lipo-PGE1 given by continuous pumping infusion via peripheral vein in dose of 5 ng per kilogram per minute can maintainthe DA patency and promote the systemic oxygenation and perfusion, improving the circulation and oxygenation and correcting the acidosis until the plastic surgery performed. Most of the adverse effects of PGE1 are dose related.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of modified percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (PLAAO) under transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) guidance without general anesthesia instead of transesophageal echocardiographic guidance.Methods A total of 14 patients who met the inclusion criteria underwent modified PLAAO guided by TTE instead of TEE without general anesthesia.Regular clinical follow-up observations of PLAAO-related major adverse events were done in the perioperative period.Results All patients were successfully implanted with left atrial appendage occluder device (Watchman) without device-related serious complications.Immediately occlusion success rate was 100％.No major adverse events occurred during hospitalization and follow-up.The mean operation time was 108 ± 22 min(range 75-150 min)and the mean radiation exposure time was 15.8 ± 7.6 min(range 8-32 min).Conclusion Modified PLAAO guided by TTE instead of TEE without general anesthesia may be safe and effective.This method simplifies the operation process and is favorable for PLAAO application.But this modified PLAAO is still needed to be validated in more patients.

Objective This study was aimed to discuss the safety, feasibility and availability of perimembranous ventricular septal defects(PmVSD) closure via super minimal intercostal incision under transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) guidance in children.Methods There were 81 cases of PmVSD via super minimally invasive transintercostal device closure operation(length of incision ≤ 1cm) from August 2014 to August 2016.TEE was used to guide and monitor the entire procedure.Assessed the effectiveness of device closure by postoperative regular follow-up.Results 80 patients were successfully operated by super minimally invasive transintercostal device closure in all 81 cases.Operation success rate reached 98.77%.The average diameter of ventricular septal defects was(3.72±0.96)mm.The average diameter of amplatzer occluder was(4.88±0.95)mm.Postoperative follow-up time was from 6 months to 24 months.One of 16 cases that with aneurysm of membranous septum had more than two shunts, remained a mild residual shunt beside of the amplatzer occluder but self cured during follow-up.Mild pericardial effusion was found in one patients after the operation and disappeared during follow-up.There were no cases of perioperative death, device deformation or displacement, residual shunt, complete atrioventricular block and valve involvement in the patients whom were successfully operated.One patient transferred to ventricular septal defect repair operation under direct visualization with a cardiopulmonary bypass, because ventricular fibrillation happened when guide wire passed the ventricular septal.Conclusion Super minimally invasive transintercostal device closure of PmVSD in children guided by TEE was safety and availability, that could avoid x-ray radiation and sternotomy, and operate simply, with small incision and low complication.

Objective:To investigate the consistency and diagnostic efficiency of Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Date System (C-TIRADS) in thyroid nodule evaluation by different seniority sonographers.Methods:The preoperative ultrasonographic datum of 134 thyroid nodules in 112 patients from January to November 2020 were independently analyzed by sonographers with different seniority. According to the C-TIRADS guidelines, the C-TIRADS ultrasonographic indicators of each nodule were recorded and C-TIRADS classification was performed. Cohen′s Kappa (K) statistical method was used to analyze the consistency of ultrasonic indicators evaluated by different seniority sonographers. Using postoperative pathological results as the gold standard, the diagnostic efficacy of C-TIRADS classification for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules by junior and senior sonographers was calculated respectively, and the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn respectively.Results:The solid structure and vertical orientation of thyroid nodule judged by different seniority sonographers were very consistent ( K=0.84, 0.81). The consistencies of very hypoechoic and microcalcifications were substantial agreement ( K=0.80, 0.61), and moderate ( K=0.531) for the margin of the nodules. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules by junior and senior sonographers were 91.8%, 65.8%, 77.6%, 69.1%, 90.6% and 96.7%, 67.1%, 80.6%, 71.1%, 96.1%, respectively. The corresponding area under the ROC curves were 0.788 and 0.819, respectively ( Z=1.369, P=0.171). Conclusion:Ultrasonologists with different experience have good consistency in evaluating the C-TIRADS ultrasonic indicators of thyroid nodule, and the diagnostic efficacy of C-TIRADS classification in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodule was similar.

Objective To explore the value of transesophageal echocardiography ( T EE ) in high ventricular septal defect ( VSD) occlusion via a left parasternal ultra‐minimal intercostal incision ( ≤1 cm ) with eccentric occluder in children . Methods Forty‐eight children with high VSD underwent device occlusion via ultraminimal intercostal incision with eccentric occluder . T he w hole operation , including preoperative evaluation ,intraoperative localization and guidance and postoperation evaluation were performed under the guidance of T EE . Results Forty‐six children with high VSD underwent successfully device closure in all 48 cases and the operation success rate was 95 .8% . T he average size of high VSD was 2 .2－6 .0 ( 3 .70 ± 0 .90) mm and the average size of eccentric occluder was 4－8 ( 5 .48 ± 1 .12) mm . T he average operation duration was 18－98 ( 49 .80 ± 16 .71) min . T here were 2 cases of peri‐membranous high VSD and 44 cases of outlet‐typle VSD ,of w hich 10 cases of mild aortic valve prolapses ( AVOP) ,including 5 cases of aortic valve regurgitation ( AR ) . In addition ,there was 1 case of replacement of device ,1 case of having septum below the margin of the defect and 1 case of using a dilator for a small defect . T he 46 cases were followed up for 6 to 42 months ,and the pericardial effusion occured in 3 cases and disappeared during follow‐up . No other abnormal conditions were found . Conclusions During the surgery of high VSD device occlusion via ultraminimal intercostal incision with eccentric occluder ,T EE has an important value in defect assessment ,intraoperative localization and guidance ,and immediate evaluation of efficacy ,and can effectively guide the device occlusion of high VSD .

Acylcarnitines are metabolic intermediates of fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids having vital biofunctions and pathophysiological significances.Here,we developed a high-throughput method for quantifying hundreds of acylcarnitines in one run using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).This enabled simultaneous quantification of 1136 acyl-carnitines(C0-C26)within 10-min with good sensitivity(limit of detection＜0.7 fmol),linearity(cor-relation coefficient＞0.992),accuracy(relative error＜20％),precision(coefficient of variation(CV),CV＜15％),stability(CV＜15％),and inter-technician consistency(CV＜20％,n=6).We also established a quantitative structure-retention relationship(goodness of fit＞0.998)for predicting retention time(tR)of acylcarnitines with no standards and built a database of their multiple reaction monitoring parameters(tR,ion-pairs,and collision energy).Furthermore,we quantified 514 acylcarnitines in human plasma and urine,mouse kidney,liver,heart,lung,and muscle.This provides a rapid method for quantifying acyl-carnitines in multiple biological matrices.

Objective: To explore the value of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in high ventricular septal defect (VSD) occlusion via a left parasternal ultra-minimal intercostal incision (≤1 cm) with eccentric occluder in children. Methods: Forty-eight children with high VSD underwent device occlusion via ultraminimal intercostal incision with eccentric occluder. The whole operation, including preoperative evaluation, intraoperative localization and guidance and postoperation evaluation were performed under the guidance of TEE. Results: Forty-six children with high VSD underwent successfully device closure in all 48 cases and the operation success rate was 95.8%. The average size of high VSD was 2.2-6.0 (3.70±0.90)mm and the average size of eccentric occluder was 4-8 (5.48±1.12)mm. The average operation duration was 18-98 (49.80±16.71)min. There were 2 cases of peri-membranous high VSD and 44 cases of outlet-typle VSD, of which 10 cases of mild aortic valve prolapses (AVOP), including 5 cases of aortic valve regurgitation(AR). In addition, there was 1 case of replacement of device, 1 case of having septum below the margin of the defect and 1 case of using a dilator for a small defect. The 46 cases were followed up for 6 to 42 months, and the pericardial effusion occured in 3 cases and disappeared during follow-up. No other abnormal conditions were found. Conclusions During the surgery of high VSD device occlusion via ultraminimal intercostal incision with eccentric occluder, TEE has an important value in defect assessment, intraoperative localization and guidance, and immediate evaluation of efficacy, and can effectively guide the device occlusion of high VSD.