Objective To investigate the activity concentration of 90St in tea produced in Chinese typical regions,enrich the baseline data for 90Sr level in Chinese tea,and evaluate possible exposure doses to people.Methods Samples were carbonized,ashed,digested and leached,and then extraction chromatography method was used to separate 90Sr and 90y.After preparation of sample source,radioactivity of 90Y was measured using low-level α/β counter.Results Twenty six kinds of tea produced in 16 typical regions from 26 cities of 16 provinces were collected in 2016,and their 90Sr activity concentrations were analyzed using the separation method of di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (HDEHP) extraction chromatography.The results revealed that the activity concentrations in 26 kinds of tea samples ranged from 0.28 to 3.78 Bq/kg,and contributed possible exposure doses of 0.44 × 10-2-6.00 × 10-2 μSv to each people.Conclusions These doses were far less than the ICRP annual dose limit of 1 mSv for the public,suggesting less impact on people's health.

This study is to investigate the mechanism of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells proliferation induced by alteronol in vitro. Human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells cultured in vitro were treated with different concentrations of alteronol. Inhibition rate was detected by SRB assay. Cellular morphological changes were observed by Hoechst and AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide dye) staining. The apoptosis rate was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay. Cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. Western blotting analysis was carried out to determine the cell cycle related proteins. The proliferation of HL-60 cells treated with alteronol was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. Based on cell viability assay, observation on cell morphology and apoptosis rate, it confirmed that alteronol played an obvious role in proliferation inhibition of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells, but it did not induce apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells in different concentrations groups. Alteronol could effectively inhibit the proliferation of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, as well as, alteration expression of cell cycle proteins level of CyclinD1 and pRb.

Objective: To explore the incidence regularity and characteristics of pneumoconiosis among migrant workers in Shiyan city, and to provide a basis for making policies about pneumoconiosis prevention and treatment among migrant workers. Methods: In September 2018, 338 cases of pneumoconiosis among migrant workers and 354 cases of pneumoconiosis among non-migrant workers were collected between 2013 and 2017. The proportions of pneumoconiosis types, the age and seniority of onset workers, the severity grade of pneumoconiosis, the type of pneumoconiosis, the type of work and regional distribution, etc. were analyzed. Results: The age at onset of pneumoconiosisand the length of service of migrant workers and non-migrant workers in Shiyan city were significantly different (t=2.237, 3.208, P<0.05) . The proportion of pneumoconiosis stage was significantly different from that of non-migrant workers (χ²=47.897, P<0.05) , among migrant workers, the types of pneumoconiosis were mainly silicosis (308 cases, 91.1%) , coal worker's pneumoconiosis (29 cases, 8.6%) . The leading work types are rock drilling (115 cases, 34.0%) and blasting (105 cases, 31.1%) . The industry was mainly engaged in non-ferrous metal mining (205 cases, 60.7%) and coal (105 cases, 31.1%) . The area distribution involved each counties of Shiyan city, with Zhushan county (175 cases, 51.8%) and Yunxi county (125 cases, 37.0%) as the top two districts in number of cases. Of the cases of migrant workers, 89 cases (26.3%) had blood relationship with any others. There was no work-related injury insurance for migrant workers with pneumoconiosis. Conclusion There is a high incidence of pneumoconiosis among migrant workers in Shiyan city, featured with the phenomenon of "late occurrence" and "family clustering", so it is urgent to strengthen the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis of migrant workers.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of using pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform (POP) to identify the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods An observational research was conducted. A porcine model of ventricular fibrillation (VF) arrest was reproduced. After 3 minutes of untreated VF, animals received CPR according to the latest CPR guidelines, providing chest compressions to a depth of 5 cm with a rate of 105 compressions per minute and instantaneous mechanical ventilation. After 2 minutes of CPR, animals were defibrillated with 100 J biphasic, followed by continuous chest compressions. Data of hemodynamic parameters, partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) and POP were collected. The change in POP was observed, and the characteristics of changes of the waves were recorded during the peri-CPR period using the time and frequency domain methods.Results VF was successfully induced in 6 pigs, except 1 death in anesthesia induction period.① After VF, invasive blood pressure waveform and POP of the animals disappeared. PETCO2 was (18.83±2.71) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and diastolic arterial pressure was (23.83±5.49) mmHg in compression stage. Animals attained ROSC within 1 minute after defibrillation, with PETCO2 [(51.83±9.35) mmHg] and diastolic arterial pressure [(100.67±10.97) mmHg] elevated significantly compared with that of compression stage (t1 = 8.737,t2 = 25.860, bothP = 0.000), with appearance of arterial blood pressure waveform.② Characteristic changes in POP were found in all experimental animals. During the stages of induced VF, compression, ROSC, and compression termination, POP showed characteristic waveform changes. POP showed disappearance of waveform, regular compression wave, fluctuation hybrid and stable pulse wave in time domain method; while in the frequency domain method waveform disappearance, single peak of compression, double or fusion peak and single peak of pulse were observed.Conclusion Analysis of POP using time and frequency domain methods could not only quickly detect cardiac arrest, but also show a role as a feasible, non-invasive marker of ROSC during CPR.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of spectinomycin?minocycline?azithromycin and sparfloxacin to mycoplasma(Uu and Mh)and therapeutic effect of spectinomycin to my-coplasma infection in genitourinary tract.Methods①The susceptibility test:each of the4drugs was divided into two concentrations.One was at1?g/mL(sensitive concentration)and the other was at4?g/mL(resistant concentration).If mycoplasma does not grow in both concentrations,it means the drug tested is sensitive.If it grows in both concentrations,the drug tested is resistant.If mycoplasma grows in lower concentration and does not in higher concentration,it means moderate sensitive.②Treatment regimen:Spectinomycin was injected,2g/d IM,for7-10days as a course of treatmeant.Patients were followed-up7days later and2~4weeks after treatment.Results①Among1658specimens,519were found Uu positive,and61Mh positive.The resis-tance rates of Uu to4different drugs were:7.7%for minocycline,21.4%for sparfloxacin,13.9%for azithromycin and7.3%for spectinomycin.Whereas,those of Mh were:18.0%,45.9%,54.1%,and29.5%re-spectively.②The clinical effect of spectinomycin was:out of43treated patients,37(86.0%)cured,4(9.3%)markedly improved,2(4.7%)failed.Total effective rate was95.3%and so was the elimination rate of my-coplasma.Conclusion The resistant rate of mycoplasma to spectinomycin is lower than that to minocycline?azithromycin and sparfloxacin,and the former is widely used in the treatment of mycoplasma(especially Uu)infection,with a satisfactory clinical effect.

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is an important pattern recognition receptor that detects viral RNA and triggers the production of type-I interferons through the downstream adaptor MAVS (also called IPS-1, CARDIF, or VISA). A series of structural studies have elaborated some of the mechanisms of dsRNA recognition and activation of RIG-I. Recent studies have proposed that K63-linked ubiquitination of, or unanchored K63-linked polyubiquitin binding to RIG-I positively regulates MAVS-mediated antiviral signaling. Conversely phosphorylation of RIG-I appears to play an inhibitory role in controlling RIG-I antiviral signal transduction. Here we performed a combined structural and biochemical study to further define the regulatory features of RIG-I signaling. ATP and dsRNA binding triggered dimerization of RIG-I with conformational rearrangements of the tandem CARD domains. Full length RIG-I appeared to form a complex with dsRNA in a 2:2 molar ratio. Compared with the previously reported crystal structures of RIG-I in inactive state, our electron microscopic structure of full length RIG-I in complex with blunt-ended dsRNA, for the first time, revealed an exposed active conformation of the CARD domains. Moreover, we found that purified recombinant RIG-I proteins could bind to the CARD domain of MAVS independently of dsRNA, while S8E and T170E phosphorylation-mimicking mutants of RIG-I were defective in binding E3 ligase TRIM25, unanchored K63-linked polyubiquitin, and MAVS regardless of dsRNA. These findings suggested that phosphorylation of RIG inhibited downstream signaling by impairing RIG-I binding with polyubiquitin and its interaction with MAVS.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; metabolism ; DEAD Box Protein 58 ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Dimerization ; Humans ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Phosphorylation ; Polyubiquitin ; metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Double-Stranded ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Tripartite Motif Proteins ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; metabolism ; Ubiquitination

Objective To investigate the current practice of ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in Chinese emergency physicians. Methods Self-designed questionnaires were used to survey mainly the present situation of CPR ventilation practice performed by 800 physicians who participated in the Peking Union International Summit for Emergency Medicine from April 17th to 19th, 2015. Results A total of 800 questionnaires were distributed and 638 (79.75%) valid questionnaires were taken back; the responders joining the survey came from 29 provinces and regions, including Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Guangdong, Liaoning, etc. There were 331 males and 307 females; 91.54% (584 responders) were emergency physicians and 77.90% (497 responders) came from tertiary hospitals, 17.55% (112 responders) came from the secondary hospitals. Regarding ventilation during CPR, 86.4% (551 responders) declared the patients was routinely given endo-tracheal intubation; after intubation, 25.8% (142 responders) adopted bag-mask ventilation, and 74.2% (409 responders) applied mechanical ventilation. When a ventilator was used, 301 (73.6%) responders used the volume controlled ventilation mode, 334 (81.7%) responders set the respiratory rate (RR) lower than 15 bpm, while 89.2% (365 responders) used the tidal volume set at a range of 400-500 mL. When adopted the flow triggering sensitivity, 79.7% (326 responders) set the sensitivity at 1-6 L/min, while 16.4% (67 responders) selected the default parameter, not adjusting the flow triggering parameter; when adopted the pressure triggering sensitivity, 75.1% (307 responders) set the sensitivity between -1 to -6 cmH2O (1 cmH2O = 0.098 kPa) and 20.3% (83 responders) selected the default value, not adjusting the pressure triggering parameter. When the mechanical ventilation (MV) was adopted, 84.8% (347 responders) declared often experiencing problems with MV, such as airway high peak pressure alarms [39.6% (162/409)], lower ventilation volume per minute alarms [24.9% (102/409)], higher respiratory frequency alarms [21.3% (87/409)], but only 67.2% (275 responders) would again adjust the ventilation mode related parameters and only 59.2% (242 responders) would observe the actual respiratory frequency. Conclusions With regards to artificial ventilation during CPR, the majority of emergency physicians tend to adopt endotracheal intubation and commonly use the volume controlled mode of mechanical ventilation; among the ventilator parameter setting, the RR is not strictly in accordance with the CPR guidelines, and most of the inspiration triggering sensitivity setting was too low, very easily to induce hyperventilation; simultaneously, the emergency physicians often neglect the practical RR; although there are many problems with ventilation such as frequent alarms, only 67.2% of the emergency physicians would again adjust the ventilation parameters.

Human immune system(HIS)mice are usually used to evaluate the ability of tumor vaccines to induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)effects, but they failed to accurately reflect the ability of cancer vaccines to induce humoral immune responses. In this study, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and co-transplanted into NCG mice with in vitro differentiated dendritic cells(DCs)to establish a DC-HIS mouse model. In DC-HIS mice, co-transplanted antigen-presenting cells(HLA-DR+CD11c+)could colonize the spleen of model mice. Moreover, co-transplantation of DCs significantly increased the proportion of activated human CD4+ T/CD8+ T cells and B cells in HIS mice, indicating that DC-HIS mice could better mimic the human immune responses. The immunogenicity of the targeted HER2 protein vaccine(NitraTh-HER2)was evaluated using the DCs-HIS mice. The results showed that the NitraTh-HER2 vaccine was able to induce the production of HER2-specific human IgG antibodies with a significant antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity(ADCC)effect and the lysis rate of target cell SK-BR-3 reached 47. 1%. The NitraTh-HER2 vaccine was able to produce antigen-specific CTL effect, and the lysis rate of target cell SK-BR-3 reached 14. 6%. Taken together, the DC-HIS mouse model provides an effective method for predicting the immunogenicity of human tumor vaccines.
10.11665/j.issn.1000-5048.20190615

Objective To explore the effect of Wuwei Xiaoke Formula on intestinal flora and inflammatory factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods A total of 92 cases of type 2 diabetes patients with Qi-Yin deficiency syndrome were selected and randomly divided into treatment group(n=46)and control group(n=46).The control group was treated with basic treatment + metformin,and the treatment group was treated with Wuwei Xiaoke formula on the basis of the control group.The clinical efficacy,intestinal flora and inflammatory factor levels of the two groups were observed and compared.Results The two groups of patients were evenly distributed,with good baseline status and strong comparability.After treatment,the total effective rate of 91.30%in the treatment group was higher than that of 78.26%in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the number of Bacteroides,Lactobacillus and bifidobacterium groups in treatment group was higher than that in control group(P<0.05).The numbers of enterococcus,enterobacter and yeast were lower than those in control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and C-reactive protein(CRP)in the treatment group were decreased more significantly than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Wuwei Xiaoke formula is helpful to improve the clinical symptoms of type 2 diabetes patients,regulate the disorder of intestinal flora in patients,reduce the level of inflammatory factors,and has good safety.

OBJECTIVE：To study the ef fects of Gegen qinlian decoction （GGQLD）on blood lipid and blood glucose of hyperlipidemia（HLP）model rats ，and to explore its mechanism from the perspective of intestinal flora. METHODS ：Totally 48 rats were randomly divided into blank control group （n＝8）and modeling group （n＝40）. For consecutive 5 weeks，model group was given high-lipid diet to induce HLP model ；blank control group was given routine diet. After modeling ，30 modeling rats were randomly divided into model group ，simvastatin group （positive control ，10 mg/kg），GGQLD high-dose ，medium-dose and low-dose groups （14.85，4.95，1.65 g/kg，by crude drug ），with 6 rats in each group. Blank control group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically ；administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically ，once a day，for consecutive 11 weeks. At the same time ，each group was continuously given corresponding diet. After the last medication ， body mass and body length of rats were determined ，and Lee ’s index was calculated. Serum levels of TG ，TC，HDL-C，LDL-C and fasting blood glucose （FBG）were determined in rats. DNA of rat caecum content was extracted for 16S rRNA V 3-V4 region sequencing. The Two-part model was used to analyze the correlation between intestinal flora with lipids and blood glucose. RESULTS：After 11 weeks of administration ，compared with blank control group ，the body mass ，body length ，Lee’s index ， serum levels of TC ，TG，HDL-C and FBG of model group were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），while the level of HDL-C was decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group ，body mass and Lee ’s index and serum levels of TG ， FBG of rats in GGQLD high-dose group ，and serum levels of TC ，TG in GGQLD medium-dose group ，as well as serum level of TG of rats in GGQLD low-dose group was decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Correlation analysis with intestinal flora showed that TC and TG shared 3 operational taxonomic units （OTU），including OTU 559，OTU701 and OTU 135（OTU135 was also shared with FBG ），which were all positively correlated with the level of TC ，TG and FBG （P＜0.01）. The three OTU were annotated as Tyzzerella of Spirillaceae ，Anaerotruncus of Verrucaceae and Peptoclostridium of Streptococcidae ，respectively. High-dose and low-dose GGQLD had a down-regulating effect on Tyzzerella and Anaerotruncus（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），while had up-regulating effect on Peptoclostridium（P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：High-dose GGQLD （14.85 g/kg）can effectively reduce the body mass and blood lipid of HLP model rats ，and can prevent the abnormal increase of blood glucose of model rats. The mechanism may be associated with that the reduction of intestinal flora （Tyzzerella，Anaerotruncus）content.