Objective To understand hand hygiene(HH) compliance among health care workers(HCWs) and incidence of healthcare-associated infection(HAI) in surgical patients before and after the intervention, analyze the effect of HH on cost-effectiveness of HAI.Methods From December 2012-June 2014, 78 HCWs in the department of neurosurgery of a hospital were as the intervention objects of HH compliance, 325 patients who underwent craniocerebral clean operation were as the surveyed objects, HH compliance among HCWs, incidence of HAI in surgical patients, cost of HH, and hospitalization expense before and after intervention were compared respectively.Results HH compliance among HCWs before and after intervention were 35.24% (216/613) and 73.75%(486/659)respectively (X2=180.091,P<0.001);incidence of HAI in surgical patients before and after intervention were 31.85%(50/157)and 18.45%(31/168)respectively(X2=7.782,P<0.001).Hospitalization expense before and after intervention were (89 524.90±38 856.70)￥ and (61 401.00±29 237.80)￥ respectively;average length of hospital stay before and after intervention were 36.70 days and 26.90 days respectively(t=3.296, 3.511,respectively, both P<0.01).Conclusion Improving HH compliance among HCWs can reduce the incidence of HAI and hospitalization cost, and shorten the average length of hospital stay of patients.

OBJECTIVE To analyze problems of hospital infection monitoring and its strategies.METHODS Having investigated hospital infection cases during 2005 and statistically to analyze the data of infection monitoring.RESULTS Both of the missed report rate of hospital infection and the rate for detection of microbe samples were decreased.Antibiotics were misused.CONCLUSIONS Strengthening the training about hospital infection knowledge for increasing the rate for detection,strengthening the infection monitoring,checking the infection control strictly,and raising the antibiotics control policy and practice are important.

OBJECTIVETo review and collect the study achievements and the effect mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of premature ovarian failure (POF) in recent 20 years so as to provide more references for the clinical treatment of POF with acupuncture.

METHODSThrough retrieving PubMed, CNKI and VIP, the literature on acupuncture for POF was collected from January 1, 1998 through March 31, 2017 regarding the rule of acupoint selection and the therapeutic method. The potential effect mechanism was explored.

RESULTSFinally, 26 papers on the clinical treatment for POF with acupuncture and 5 ones on the laboratory mechanism were obtained. The differentiated syndromes and the top 3 acupoints for the treatment of POF included syndrome [Taixi (KI 3), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4)], syndrome [Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36) and Ciliao (BL 32)], syndrome [Taichong (LR 3), Shenting (GV 24), Guanyuan (CV 4)], the mixed syndrome of and [Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Ganshu (BL 18) and Shenshu (BL 23)], the mixed syndrome of and [Pishu (BL 20), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Zusanli (ST 36)] and the dysfunction of the thoroughfare vessel and the conception vessel [Guanyuan (CV 4), Zigong (EX-CA 1) and Huangshu (KI 16)]. The top 5 acupoints of the 14 meridians were Guanyuan (CV 4), Shenshu (BL 23), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zhongji (CV 3), Pishu (BL 20), Taixi (KI 3) and Ganshu (BL 18). The local extraordinary points were dominant. According to the use frequency of the acupoints, the first top 5 meridians were the bladder meridian of foot-, the governor vessel, the conception vessel, the spleen meridian of foot- and the kidney meridian of foot-. The most acupoints were distributed in the chest, the abdomen, the lumber region and the lower limbs. Many therapeutic methods were used, such as acupuncture with filiform needle, electroacupuncture, moxibustion and the acupoint thread-embedding therapy. The effect mechanisms possibly referred to the recovery of the sexual level through regulating the hypothalamus-pituitary gland-ovarian axle (HPOA) function, the improvement of the histological morphology of the uterine, the improvement of body immunity through affecting the nerve-endocrine-immune regulation system as well as the regulation of the genetic and protein expressions of the signal pathway relevant with POF.

CONCLUSIONEven though acupuncture has achieved the therapeutic effects in the clinical treatment of POF, the research on the effect mechanism is still limited. The exploration of acupuncture for POF in terms of mechanism may guide the clinical practice. In the future study, the clinical pathway should be specified and the effect mechanism be explored through the rigorous laboratory design and more objective and rational evaluation system.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Meridians ; Moxibustion ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; therapy