Objective:To study the the correlation between the diameter or angle of thoracic-lumber pedicle and vertebral number.Method:X-ray and CT scan were performed on 46 male spine specimens.The length of pediele screw path,the cress-section angle(e) and the sagittal angle(f) of the pedicle,the width of the inner diameter of the pediele and the distance between the two pedicles were measured.The ordinal number of T1-L5 vertebral segment was numbered by 1-17.SPSS 11.5 software was used for statistical analysis.Result:The data showed a positive linear correlation with the vertebral numbers including length of T1-L4 pedicle screw path (R2=0.716),T8-L5 pedicle width (R2=0.673),T4-L5 pedicle distances (R2=0.771),T1-T2 f-angle (R2=0.767) ,T2-T4 f-angle (R2=0.908),T12-L5 pediele e-angle (R2=0.710).The negative linear correlation with thevertebral numbers included T2-T3 pedicle width(R2=0.792),T1-T4 pedicle distances(R2=0.866),T7-L5 f-an-gle(R2=0.931),T1-T6 pedicle e-angle (R2=0.774).However,the T1-T2 and T4-T7 pediele width,the T4-T6 pediele f-angle,as well as the T6-T12 pedicle e-angle had no significant correlation with the vertebral num-bers.Conclusion:Apart from the T1-T2 and T4-T7 pedicle width,the T4-T6 pedicle f-angle and the T6-T12 pedicle e-angle,the diameter or angle of the thoracic-lumbar pedicle have correlation with the vertebral numbers with meaningful linear regression equation.

Objective To explore the effect of active resistance exercise therapy on patients with chronic neck pain. Methods 39 femalepatients with neck pain more than 6 months were recruited in treatment group and received active resistance exercise therapy. 21 healthywomen were recruited in control group without any treatment. They were assessed with cervical curve (C2-7 Cobb's angle), CT attenuationvalue of cervical back muscle, neck muscular strength and endurance and visual analog scale (VAS) before and 12 months after treatment.Results Compared with the control group, the cervical curve of the treatment group was obviously less (P<0.05) and there was no significantdifference pre- and post-treatment P>0.05). The CT attenuation value of cervical back muscle was obviously less in the elder controlsthan in the middle aged ones (P<0.05); and was obviously less in the treatment group than in the controls (P<0.05), and not improved aftertreatment (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, neck muscular strength and endurance of the treatment group were obviously less (P<0.05), and improved after treatment (P<0.05). The score of VAS lowered 1 and 12 months after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Active resistanceexercise therapy can obviously improve neck muscular strength and endurance and relieve neck pain.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the pedicle and the transverse process in the thoracic and lumbar verte-brae. Methods 111antertior-posterior images of the lumbar vertebra and 111antertior-posterior images of the thoracic vertebra were chosen and lines were drawn between two pedicle centers of the same segment. The transverse process was divided into 4 equal parts by horizontal lines. The corresponding study was performed on the relationship between the pedicle and the transverse pro cess. Results Most of the T1～T2 pedicles corresponded to the midline of the transverse process. A large number of the T3～T11 pedicles corresponded to the upper 1/3 of the transverse process and the others corresponded to the upper margin, upper 1/4 or the midline of the transverse process. Most of the T12 pedicles corresponded to the upper margin of the transverse process. A large number of the L1, L2 and L5 pedicles corresponded to the upper 1/3 of the transverse process. A large number of the L3 and L4 pedicles corresponded to the midline of the transverse process. Conclusion The thoracic and lumbar pedicles have a multiform corresponding relationship with the transverse process.

This paper reviewed the thoracolumbar pedicle screw internal fixation,including operation,instruments,image guided navigation,robot navigation,electrophysiological monitoring and integrated applications of various methods.It suggested that traditional implantation of thoracolumbar pedicle screw were widely used,computer-assisted navigation is being accepted by more and more surgeons,MR can make special image of the tissue being drilled by the probe tip during operation.However,being expensive,it is difficult for MRI navigation to be popularized.

Patients with spinal cord injury(SCI)required higher level of quality of life(QOL),in fact,the disorder of lower limbs motion is the major factor which restricted the independence of social involvement.Routine rehabilitation training,lower extremity orthosis,functional electrical stimulation(FES)and the combined application of those are still the widely used approaches.Meanwhile,the auto-nerve transferring and auto-tendon operation are also the fields that researchers focus on.In practice,we have to choose proper method individually according to the patients' conditions to restore the lower limbs function,so as to improve the QOL.

The advance of the modern science and technology provides some new approaches,such as brain-computer interface(BCI),neuroprothesis,rehabilitation robots,body-weight supported treadmill training(BWST),etc.In practice,the advantages and disadvantages of those approaches manifest more and more,and the combination of them is the trend.It is necessary to choose proper method individually.

After spinal cord injury, there was bowel dysfunction.This became the major obstacle for the spinal cord injury patients to improve their living skills. For these patients, the bowel pathophysiological condition changed a lot including the bowel movement, fecal incontinence, bowel dysfunction, rectal dysfunction. This article reviewed the bowel dysfunction and the bowel care after spinal cord injury.

ASIA Impairment Classification is the standard for spinal cord injury. With or without anal sphincter contraction will tell the degree of injury. Now, many articles have introduced the anal sphincter manometry and electromyogram. We should study whether there is any relationship between the manometry, electromyogram and ASIA.

ObjectiveThrough literature review, we summarized the mechanism on the treatment of spinal cord injury(SCI)using rectal probe electrostimulation(RPES)and its effects, which provided possible directions for further experimental research.Methods Using literature retrieval method, we respectively summarized the Results of the present study, problems and future research directions from the research background on the treatment of spasticity after SCI using RPES, the basis of rectal nerve anatomy, the mechanism on spasticity after SCI and the research on the treatment of spasticity after SCI using RPES. Results The mechanism on the treatment of spasticity after SCI using RPES need further study. Nerves and receptors used in receiving and transmitting RPES signals in rectum are not clear, the nerve pathway among rectum and muscle have not been found, and the superior nerve center whether to participate in modulation has not been final Conclusion . Conclusion There are some complex neural pathways between rectum, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve stem, sensory area of cerebral cortex, the dorsal commissural nucleus (DCN) in spinal cord and muscles of limbs, in which sensory area of cerebral cortex and the DCN in spinal cord are two important integration areas in these pathways. It would be important for our research whether the existence of neural pathways and RPES treating spasticity after SCI through these pathways.