Prostate apoptosis response gene-4(par-4)was first identified from the prostate tissue.This gene can express in both normal and cancer cells.The translation product of par-4 is prostate apoptosis response protein-4 ( Par-4 ) , which is unique in its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells while leaving the normal cells unaffected through intracellular and extracellular pathway.Par-4 is cleaved and phosphorylated by caspase3 and PKA; Par-4 transportsFas/FasL tocell membrane and activation of pro-apoptotic pathway;intracellular Par-4 transports GPR78 to cell membrane;extracellular Par-4 binds to GRP78 and activates it.There is a significant potential role in anti-tumors therapy of extracellular Par-4.The latest research progress on the mechanism of apoptosis induced by Par-4 and the treatment of exogenous Par-4 in tumor was discussed in this article.

c-Met is one member of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs).It is closely related between the over-expression of c-Met and a wide variety of tumor occurrence, development, invasion, metastasis, prognosis and drug resistance.Therefore, c-Met is a potential target for oncotherapy, and researches on its inhibitors have become a hot spot in the field of tumor treatment.Aptamers targeting c-Met are gained from systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX).They can bind to c-Met with high specificity and affinity, resulting in the activation or inhibition of c-Met.We envision that anti-c-Met aptamers would be ideal new c-Met inhibitors after optimization, and could be developed into potential targeted drugs for cancers.

Objective To study the clinical effect of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) using expandable cage in treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis.Methods Twenty patients who underwent PLIF using expandable cage for lumbar spondylolisthesis were retrospectively analyzed.The operative time and transoperative bleeding were recorded.Postoperative regularity follow-up X-ray and CT,the olisthy rate,intervertebral height index and intervertebral fusion were observed.The lumbar function improvement was assessed by Oswestry disability index (ODI).Results All the patients were successfully operated,the operative time was 100-160 (123.3 ± 16.4) min,transoperative bleeding was 350-600 (464.0 ± 78.7) ml.The follow-up time was 12-36 (24.3 ± 7.3) months,symptoms were significantly improved.During the follow-up duration,20 patients obtained bony fusion.According to the reforming Macnab grade standard,excellent was in 14 cases,good was in 4 cases,acceptable was in 2 cases,the rate of excellent and good was 90.0％(18/20).The ODI score and olisthy rate postoperative 6 months and last follow-up were significantly lower than preoperative,and ODI score last follow-up was significantly lower than that postoperative 6 months,there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).The intervertebral height index postoperative 6 months and last follow-up were significantly higher than that preoperative,there were statistical differences (P ＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in olisthy reset rate between postoperative 6 months and last followup (P ＞0.05).The last followed-up,There were no expandable cage subsidence or displacement,intervertebral space collapse and intervertebral height loss.Conclusions As a new production,expandable cage is an effective tool on treating lumbar spondylolisthesis,it can effectively restore the intervertebral height and the biological mechanical properties of the lumbar vertebrae.This study indicates that expandable cage is an effective and safe products for lumbar interbody fusion,which maintained a lower complication rate and better results.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficiency of autologous transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells for treatment of patients with diabetic lower limb ischemia.MethodsEighteen patients of type 2 diabetes with diabetic lower limb ischemia (30 legs) were treated by autologous transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells.ResultsThe limb pain, cool feeling and numbness feeling improved significantly after PBSC transplantation,the improvement rate were 96.7％, 100.0％ and 95.8％ respectively.Intermittent claudication was also relieved significantly, total remission rate was 76.9％.The ABI and TcPO2 of patients increased significantly at 3 months after transplantation.After the transplantation ABI raised from 0.60 ± 0.11 to 0.71 ±0.12(t =-6.882, P ＜ 0.01) .93.3％ of patients' TcPO2 raised in different degrees.The foot infections were well controlled.Ulcer or toes gangrene got better or healed.No obvious complications or adverse reaction were observed after the transplantation.ConclusionAutologous transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells shows to be a simple, safe and effective method in treating patients with diabetic lower limb ischemia.

Objective To evaluate the early effect of Wallis interspinous dynamic stabilization system (Wallis system) in treatment of lumbar degenerative disease. Methods From January 2008 to Jan-uary 2009,21 patients(23 intervertebral spaces) with early lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis were treated with Wallis system. Four intervertebral spaces of L_(3-4) 19 intervertebral spaces of L_(4-5). Observed the time of total operation and implantation,the blood loss,and early recovery. The patients' visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores were evaluated before and after operation. Results All patients were followed up for average (12.5 ± 0.4) months (7-18 months) after operation. The VAS and ODI scores at 7 days after operation dropped from (7.5 ± 1.5), (40.0 ± 2.0) scores before operation to (2.5 ± 0.5), (23.0 ± 1.5) scores (P < 0.01). Conclusion It is safe and easy to use Wallis system in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease, with the advantage of mini-invasion and early effect.

Objective To investigate the relationship between KRAS,NRAS and BRAF gene mutations and clinicopathological parameters in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC).Methods By using TagMan real-time PCR method KRAS/NRAS/BRAF hotspot mutations were detected in 260 cases of CRC.The associations between KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutation status and clinical pathological characteristics were analysed in different groups divided by gender,age,tumor size,tumor differentiation.Results (1) The KRAS hotspot mutations were G12D,G12A,G12R,G12C,G12V,G12S in codon 12 and G13 C,G13D in codon 13.They were identified in 43.1％ CRC.KRAS mutation rate was higher in females than in males (P =0.05) and the mutation rate in patients ≥ 60 years was significantly higher than that in patients ＜ 60 years(P =0.008).The incidence of metastasis and mortality were higher in KRAS mutant than in KRAS wild type (P =0.004,P =0.037).(2)The NRAS hotspot mutations were in codon1 2,13 and 61.They were identified in 4.6％ CRC.NRAS mutation rate was significantly higher in patients ≥ 60 years and well-differentiated tumors (P =0.032,P =0.042).(3) The mutation rate of BRAF V600E in CRC patients was 4.6％.BRAF V600E mutation rate was significantly higher in patients ≥60 years,with distant metastases and tumors ＞ 5 cm (P =0.032,P =0.026,P =0.038).The incidence of metastasis and rucurrence and mortality were higher in BRAF mutant (P =0.030,P =0.002,P =0.007).Conclusions In CRC patients,KRAS mutations correlate with demographic factors,metastasis and mortality,NRAS mutations correlate with age and tumor differentiation,while BRAF mutation correlate with age,tumor size,metastasis,recurrence and mortality.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of assisting stress ultrasound elastographic quantitative parameter in determination of the thrombus age in an ex-vivo model of venous thrombi.MethodsAfter 1,3,6 and 9 days,9 saphenous vein samples with venous thrombosis were scanned by both tissue touch elasticity image and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) respectively.For each group of thrombus age,a mean sheer strain was calculated in all thrombosis samples of the respective age.Furthermore,correlation of two sample data was analysed.Results The stiffness of thrombus age group of 1,3,6 and 9 days by tissue touch elasticity image were (49.23±14.91)%,(68.75±10.03)%,(80.82±10.29)% and (91.98±4.10)% respectively with significant differences among the parameters (P<0.05).Quantitative data of thrombus age groups correlated positively by two kinds of these elasticity image significantly (r=0.702,P=0.000).Conclusions The assisting stress ultrasound elastographic method with HM% in this experiment setting of venous thrombosis is proved to be helpful in determination of the age of venous thrombi.The present results obtained in our experiment might provide a potential application in evaluation of deep vein thrombosis by the elastographic technology clinically.

Objective:To explore any changes in the electromyographic (EMG) signals from the deep lumbar multifidus (DM) of patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP).Methods:Twenty-five cLBP patients formed the cLBP group, while twenty-eight healthy counterparts similar in sex, age and education background were chosen as the control group. EMG signals were recorded during maximum isometric voluntary contraction of the DM. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was applied to compare the two groups′ signals′ Lempel-Ziv (LZ) complexity values at rest and during the maximum strength, strength endurance and relaxation stages of contraction. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed relating the LZ complexity to pain duration and intensity, as well as to Oswestry disability index (ODI) values in the cLBP group.Results:The cLBP patients reported a mean symptom duration of 5.96±4.69 years, with an average VAS score of 4.00±1.04 and ODI of 17.12±10.49. They reported greater pain intensity during needle insertions, needle removal, muscle contraction and relaxation than the healthy controls. There were significant differences in LZ complexity among the four stages of contraction with all of the subjects. The LZ complexity was significantly lower in the maximum strength and strength endurance states, but higher in the relaxation after contraction states in the cLBP group. Pain duration was negatively correlated with the nonlinear index of DM during contraction.Conclusion:Continuous pain stimulation will affect the coordinated control of the deep multifidus muscle, leading to decreased control of core muscles via the central nervous system. That provides insight into the mechanisms underlying activation and coordinated control during chronic pain.