Objective To analyze the status of postoperative pain subjected to the patients undergone the common operation methods in Urology Department, in order to understand the characteristics of the postoperative pain in the patients and to provide a theoretical basis for better intervention and treatment of the pain. Methods In May 2016, a total of 179 patients in Urology Department of West China Hospital of Sichuan University of 6 diseases, including renal carcinoma, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, adrenal gland occupying, urethral stricture and renal cyst, were selected by purposive sampling method. The postoperative pain were retrospective assessed by six pain specialist nurses using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the time, degree and other characteristics of pain were analyzed. Results The most painful time of the patients undergoing renal surgery was about 4 hours after operation,and the degree of pain was mainly moderate or severe; the most painful time of prostate cancer was about 5 hours after operation, and the degree of pain was moderate; the most painful time of bladder cancer was 4 to 5 hours after surgery, and the degree of pain was severe; the most painful time after adrenal surgery was 4 hours after surgery, and the pain was moderate; the most painful time of urethral reconstructive surgery was 2 to 4 hours after surgery, and the pain was moderate; the most painful time of renal cyst decompression surgery was 2 to 3 hours after surgery, and the degree of pain was mild. The degree of pain at the most painful times of the six investigated kinds of diseases were different from those at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after operation, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The degree of postoperative pain in patients with common urological diseases was mostly moderate or above. The VAS score of the pain reduces gradually in 6 to 48 hours after operation, and the most painful time of all patients is within 5 hours after surgery, which appears mostly after anesthesia resuscitation. Therefore, to establish a more accurate analgesic intervention according to the pain characteristics of these common operations is the key to the management of pain in the perioperative period in urology department.