Objective To explore the clinical curative effect of hollow screw internal fixation for the treatment of distal epiphyseal teenagers tibial fracture.Methods Thirty -nine cases of epiphyseal fractures of the distal tibia were treated in Shanghai Children′s Hospital between February 2005 and September 201 4.This study included 24 boys and 1 5 girls with the average age of 1 3.1 years (ranged 1 0.5 to 1 6.2 years old).Preoperative diagnosis was confirmed by the X -ray films or CT examination.All the cases were closed fractures and manipulative reduction all failed.Surgi-cal reduction was performed when plain radiographs showed the fracture gap of epiphysis board and articular surface were greater than 2 mm or after closed reduction.Under C -arm X -ray machine,ankle axial traction was performed initially.Anatomical reduction underwent according to the bone fracture type.The fractures were fixed with cannulated screws by percutaneous or open approach.Postoperative X -ray or CT confirmed anatomical reduction at articular sur-face and growth plate.All patients had been immobilized with short -leg cast for 4 -6 weeks.The ankle joint function and growth were evaluated by means of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)Ankle Hindfoot Scale. Results All patients were followed up for 5 to 91 months with an average duration of 35 months.X -ray films showed that all fractures were bone healing.No uneven articular surface was found and there was no extremity rotation and shorte-ning deformity.Results were evaluated by AOFAS scoring system:excellent in 27 cases,good in 10 cases,and general in 2 cases.All patients were able to participate in the normal physical activities.Conclusions CT with multiplanar recon-struction is a premise to make an accurate diagnosis and to choose a reasonable approach.For failed closed reduction for adolescent distal tibial epiphyseal fractures,the cannulated screws are simple and may have a satisfactory effect.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of stachydrine (STA) on apoptosis of Aβ-induced PC12 cells mimicking Alzheimer's disease and explore the mechanisms. METHODS: The differential genes of STA were analyzed based on GSE85871 data, and the target genes of STA were identified using STITCH database. PC12 cells were treated with Aβ to establish a cell model of Alzheimer's disease, and the changes in cell viability and cell cycle in response to STA treatment were assessed using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the relevant gene or protein expressions in the treated cells. RESULTS: GSE85871 data showed 37 up-regulated genes and 48 down-regulated genes in cells following treatment with STA. Analysis of the data from the STITCH database indicated that RPS8 and EED were the target genes of STA. Treatment of PC12 cells with Aβ significantly lowered the cell viability ( < 0.05) and the expressions of RPS8 and EED at both the mRNA and protein levels ( < 0.05), and obviously inhibited the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and p53 ( < 0.05). STA treatment of the cells significantly reversed the effect of Aβ and induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, causing also significantly increases in the expression levels of RPS8, EED, Bcl-2 and p53 ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS STA plays an important role in inhibiting the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by Aβ possibly by regulating RPS8 and EED expression to promote the expressions of Bcl-2 and p53.
Alzheimer Disease ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Survival ; PC12 Cells ; Peptide Fragments ; Rats

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of stachydrine (STA) on apoptosis of Aβ-induced PC12 cells mimicking Alzheimer's disease and explore the mechanisms. METHODS: The differential genes of STA were analyzed based on GSE85871 data, and the target genes of STA were identified using STITCH database. PC12 cells were treated with Aβ to establish a cell model of Alzheimer's disease, and the changes in cell viability and cell cycle in response to STA treatment were assessed using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the relevant gene or protein expressions in the treated cells. RESULTS: GSE85871 data showed 37 up-regulated genes and 48 down-regulated genes in cells following treatment with STA. Analysis of the data from the STITCH database indicated that RPS8 and EED were the target genes of STA. Treatment of PC12 cells with Aβ significantly lowered the cell viability ( < 0.05) and the expressions of RPS8 and EED at both the mRNA and protein levels ( < 0.05), and obviously inhibited the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and p53 ( < 0.05). STA treatment of the cells significantly reversed the effect of Aβ and induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, causing also significantly increases in the expression levels of RPS8, EED, Bcl-2 and p53 ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS STA plays an important role in inhibiting the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by Aβ possibly by regulating RPS8 and EED expression to promote the expressions of Bcl-2 and p53.
Alzheimer Disease ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Models, Biological ; PC12 Cells ; Proline ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Rats

Objective To establish the model of rabbit vena arterialization, so as to investigate the difference of mechanical parameters between arteries and veins as well as before and after arterialization. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group (n=12) and control group (n=12). By establishing the rabbit vena arterialization model for experimental group, the arterial blood could flow into the veins. After model creation, the vein would be removed 4 weeks after surgery. In the meantime, the external jugular veins and cephalic arteries extracted from control group were acquired. Compressive pressurizing and stretching tests on all vessels were conducted at the same time(including arteries, veins and arterialized veins). Observation was supported by HE staining and immune tissue chemical techniques. Results There were no deaths among the 24 rabbits, with unobstructed blood flow in veins. With the increase of intravascular pressure, the outer diameter of veins changed at first and then stabilized at a fixed value. The elasticity of veins was worse than that of arteries. The external diameter of veins increased rapidly with internal pressure of veins increasing and reached its extreme elasticity. Comparatively, the elasticity of arteries increased slowly. HE staining results showed that thickness of the vascular wall was thinner, while it became thicker after vena arterialization. After vena arterialization, proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA） and α-actin showed positive results. It further proved that proliferation existed among smooth muscle cells, and veins showed the tendency of restenosis again. The elasticity of veins after transplantation into the arterial system was improved compared with that before transplantation. Conclusions Accompanied by the increasing pressure, the vein could reach its elasticity extremity faster than the artery. Under such a long-term high pressure, vein intima was vulnerable. After vena arterialization, with the gradual thickening of vein intima, the tendency of vessel restenosis was obvious, and the elasticity of veins has been improved after transplantation.