Objective To evaluate the detection rate and the efficiency of the modified crushing-cercariae escaping method.Methods The detection rates of the modified crushing-cercariae escaping method and the crushing methods were compared by using a double-blind control experiment with the latter as a gold standard.meanwhile the number of the cercariae was quantified.The efficiency of the two methods aforementioned and the cereariae escaping method were compared in field.Results The detection rate of the modified crushing-cercariae escaping method was 100%.the average number of cercariae in each infected snail was (4 778±1 157);and the number in certain volume of water sample was positively correlated with the number of infected snails.The efficiency of the modified menthed Was 18.2 times and 17.3 times as high as those of the crushing method and cereariae escaping method,respectively.Conclusions The modified crushing-cercariae escaping method Can detect the infected snails quicky and Can quantify the number of infected snails and cercariae,and is suitable for the detection of infected snails in large number.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationships between anthropometric measures as body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and the risks of diabetes.

METHODSWe analyzed the baseline data of 53 260 participants who were aged 30-79 years and had been enrolled into the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study from Suzhou city,Jiangsu province. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were conducted with adjustment for potential confounders.

RESULTSOverall, 5.3% of the participants had diabetes, with about a half of them being newly detected through on-site screening tests. The prevalence of diabetes increased with age, 61% higher (OR = 1.61, 95% confidence interval: 1.54-1.67) risk of diabetes, with 10 years increase of age. In both genders, all anthropometric measures were positively and significantly associated with diabetes, with the associations of measures in central adiposity stronger than those in general obesity, with WHR as the strongest. Each standard deviation (1- s) with greater WHR (<0.06 in men and 0.07 in women) was associated with 72% (61%-83%) higher risk of diabetes in men and 93% (83%-102%) in women. After adjusting for HC, each WC with 5 cm larger, showing 65% and 57% higher risks in men and women respectively. However, after adjusting for WC, every 5cm greater HC appeared and associated with respective 38% and 34% lower risks.

CONCLUSIONMeasures on adiposity including BMI, percentage body, WC, WHR and WHtR fat were all positively associated with the prevalence of diabetes. Measures of central obesity, particularly WHR, were more strongly associated with diabetes than measures of general obesity. When WC was under control, HC appeared inversely associated with diabetes.

Adiposity ; Adult ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Body Mass Index ; China ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Prevalence ; Risk ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference ; Waist-Hip Ratio