OBJECTIVE: To seek approach for the protection of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises with immature creativity and to ensure drug accessibility. METHODS: An analysis was performed applying the theory of demand elasticity by comparing the attributes of health right and patent right etc based on TRIPS protocol and the related practice abroad. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: For a developing country, China should give top priority to the short-term urgent needs, such as to meet people's medication demands, followed by meeting the long-term demands, such as to encourage independent intellectual property rights. Hence, drug accessibility-related system in drug patent system should be evolved step by step.

Objective To compare the effect of traditional open surgery and laparoscopic repair of gastric perforation on postoperative pulmonary function.Methods Fifty patients were divided into two groups according to therapeutic method.Group A underwent traditional open gastric perforation repair(n=25).Group B underwent laparoscopic repair of gastric perforation(n=25).The pulmonary functions were examined at 1 day,3 days and 7 days postoperatively.Results All patients had different degrees of postoperative pulmonary function decline.After operation,the forced vital capacity(FVC)and forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1)and vital capacity(VC)in group A were significantly lower than those in preoperation(P<0.05).The patients in laparoscopic operation group decreased significantly only on the first day postoperative.The postoperative pulmonary function of patients undergoing open surgery was significantly lower than that of patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery(P<0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic repair of gastric perforation has less damage to the lung function than traditional open gastric perforation repair.Laparoscopic surgery plays an important role in the recovery of postoperative pulmonary function.

Objective To observe the effect of preemptive analgesia with lornoxicam on balance of Th1/Th2 during radical gastrectomy. Methods Thirty patients undergoing selective radical gastrectomy were randomly divided into 2 groups with 15 cases each. Lornoxicam 8 mg was used.before surgery,and PCA with lornoxieam and morphine was used for postoperative analgesia in group Ⅰ.PCA with morphine was used for postoperative analgesia in group Ⅱ. Plasma cortisol, interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were measured before induction of anesthesia(T_0 ), at the end ofoperation(T_1 ),at 24 h(T_1 ) and 72 h(T_3 ) after operation. Results Compared to that at T_0 ,Cor washigher at T_1 and T_2 in group Ⅱ and at T_2in group I(P<0. 05). (Cor levels at T_1 and T_2were lower ingroup Ⅰ than those in group Ⅱ(P<0. 05). IL-4 of group Ⅰ was lower at T_2 than that at T_0 (P<0.05). IL_4 at T_3 was lower in group Ⅰ than that in group Ⅱ (P < 0.05). IFN-γ of group Ⅰ washigher at T_1 than that at T_0 (P<0. 05), which was higher at T_2 than that of group Ⅱ(P＜0. 05). Theratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in both groups was significantly higher at T_1-T_3 than those at T_0, which at T_2 washigher in group Ⅰ than that in group Ⅱ (P<0. 05). Conclusion Preemptive analgesia with lornoxicamcan alleviate the excurtion degree of Th1/Th2 and improve inmmnological suppression after radicalgastrectomy.

Objective To compare the clinical results between living related and cadaveric donor renal transplantation in the same immunosuppressive regimen and HLA match. Methods Twelve cases of living related donor renal transplantation and 22 cases of cadaveric donor renal transplantation were analyzed retrospectively. The 1-, 3-year patient/graft survival rate, renal function and 1-year acute rejection rate were analyzed respectively.Results No renal function injury and surgical complications were found for living donors during the follow-up period. In living donor group and cadaveric donor group, 1-year acute rejection rate was 16.7 % and 22.7 % respectively (P 0.05). Renal function in living donor group was better than that in cadaveric donor group (P

Objective To evaluate the features and visualization of venous arcades of the pancreatic head (VAPH) using 16-slice CT with different techniques.Methods Portal-phase CT scanning with 16-slice CT was performed in 40 cases.The visualized rate of VAPH with axial images,thin slice maximum intensity projection(TSMIP) and volume rendering(VR) was assessed.Results With axial images,TSMIP and VR,the visualized rate of right gastro-epiploic vein and gastro-colic vein were all 100% and 80% respectively;while for right colic superior vein was 100%,87.5% and 80%;pancreaticoduodenal posterior-superior vein was 92.5%,65% and 40%;pancreaticoduodenal anterior-superior vein was 92.5%,62.5% and 45% respectively.Conclusion VAPH can be showed definitely using 16-slice CT in combination of axial images,TSMIP and VR images.

A myxobacterial strain, So ce cpu-1, was isolated from a soil sample near the Huanghai beach. So ce cpu-1 had broad antimicrobial activity, active component has maxima] absorption at 210 nm. The effects of different culture conditions on the yield of the secondary metabolites were investigated. The results showed that, when cultivating the strain in the M, medium (containing 10% w/v D312 neutral absorber resin ), the air up to 70% of the whole flask volume, adding 5?L the secondary metabolites as the revulsant, at 30℃, 200r/min, for 6 days, the yield of the secondary metabolites achieved the maximum.

Objective To investigate the effect of serum containing different concentrations of traditional Chinese medicine Jinmaitong on β-catenin, GSK-3β and P0 in Schwann cells cultured in high glucose medium.MethodsTwenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly treated with 5, 10, 15 and 20 times of Jinmaitong and distilled water.Schwann cells were divided into six groups, which are control group, high glucose group, 5 times group, 10 times group, 15 times group, 20 times group.72 hours later, the proliferative activity of SCs cells were detected by CCK, the mRNA and protein expression of β-catenin, P0 and GSK-3β was detectived by rt-PCR and Western blot.Results High glucose medium could inhibit the proliferation of Schwann cells, down-regulate the expression of β-catenin and P0(P<0.01), and up-regulate the expression of GSK-3β(P<0.05) mRNA significantly.But Jinmaitong can invert the results (P<0.01, P<0.05).Conclusions High glucose medium will injure the proliferation of Schwann cells, but Jinmaitongcan increase the proliferation activity of Schwann cells, and promotes the secretion of P0 partially dependent on up-regulating the activity of β-catenin and down-regulating the activity of GSK-3β.

Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen gas on the myocardial injury in rats with endotoxemia.Methods Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-220 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12 each ):control group (group C ),hydrogen gas control group (group HC ),endotoxemia group (group E) and hydrogen gas + endotoxemia group (group LH).Endotoxemia was induced by intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 20 mg/kg in groups E and LH,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in groups C and HC.After LPS administration,the rats were exposed to the air containing 2％ hydrogen gas for 6 h in groups HC and LH,and the rats were exposed to the air for 6 h in groups C and E.Blood samples were taken from the abdominal aorta after 6 h inhalation of hydrogen gas to determine the serum level of cTnI.The hearts were then removed to determine the content of TNF-α and IL-6 and expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor κB ( NF-κB) inhibitory protein (p-IκB-α) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) in the myocardial tissues.Results Compared with group C,no significant change was found in the levels of cTnI,TNF-α and IL-6 and expression of p-IκB-α and p-p38MAPK in group HC ( P ＞ 0.05),and the levels of cTnI,TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased and the expression of p-IκB-α and p-p38MAPK was up-regulated in groups E and LH ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group E,the levels of cTnI,TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased and the expression of p-IκB-α and p-p38MAPK was down-regulated in group LH ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Hydrogen gas can reduce the myocardial injury in rats with endotoxemia,and inhibition of the p38MAPK and NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway and reduction of the inflammatory response of myocardial tissues are involved in the mechanism.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the evaluation on auditory rehabilitation effect for 42 deaf children with GJB2 gene mutation after cochlear implantation to provide a reference for the cochlear implant effect evaluation of such patients. METHOD: To conduct the detection on common genetic deafness gene mutation hotspots of hearing impaired children with cochlear implantation. To conduct auditory rehabilitation effect evaluation on 42 cases of patients with GJB2 genetic deafness after 3 months, 6 months and 12 months of the operation respectively. The single factor repeated measure ANOVA was applied to analyze whether there were significant difference among the results of initial consonant of a Chinese syllable recognition at 3 different stages after the operation, the results of vowel of a Chinese syllable recognition at 3 different stages after the operation, and the results of two-syllable recognition at 3 different stages after the operation. RESULT: 235delC is the high-incidence mutational site in 42 cases of patients with GJB2 genetic deafness, the total detection rate is up to 90.48%. There were significant differences in the initial consonant of a Chinese syllable recognition rate, the vowel of a Chinese syllable recognition rate, the two-syllable recognition rate as well as the vowel of a Chinese syllable recognition rate after 3 months, 6 months and 12 months of the operation (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Cochlear implantation is a safe and effective measure for auditory reconstruction, it can help patients with GJB2 hereditary severe sensorineural deafness to improve auditory speech recognition.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Cochlear Implantation ; Connexin 26 ; Connexins ; genetics ; Deafness ; genetics ; rehabilitation ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; genetics ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Language ; Mutation

Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; therapy ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; immunology ; metabolism ; Antibodies ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunotherapy