BACKGROUND:Numerous studies have demonstrated various therapeutic methods for cerebrospinal fluid leakage after spinal column surgery, including intraoperative and postoperative measures. Few studies addressed the therapeutic methods of cerebrospinal fluid leakage after cervical vertebra surgery using lumbar subarachnoid catheter drainage.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of sustainable drainage and lumbar subarachnoid catheter drainage for cervical postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
METHODS:923 patients underwent cervical spine surgery in the Department of Spinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China from June 2009 to October 2012. There were 24 cases of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage with an incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage of 2.6%(24/923). The dural laceration that could not be repaired or be found induced cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Of them, 12 cases received lumbar subarachnoid catheter drainage (catheter group), and 12 cases received sustainable drainage (drainage group).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the drainage group, the duration of cerebrospinal fluid leakage was significantly shorter in the catheter group (P<0.05). In the catheter group, one case affected cerebrospinal fluid infection. In the drainage group, two cases experienced cerebrospinal fluid cyst and one case suffered from cerebrospinal fluid infection. They were cured by symptomatic treatment. A total of 24 cases were fol owed up for 9-12 months. None of them affected cerebrospinal fluid leakage, cerebrospinal fluid infection or cerebrospinal fluid cyst. Results demonstrated that lumbar subarachnoid catheter drainage in the treatment of cervical postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage has a good effect.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of diacerhein in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods The efficacy and safety of diacerhein was randomly investigated in 42 pa- tients with knee osteoarthritis using parallel group methodology and a double-dummy technique to ensure dou- ble blind status with respect to diacerhein and control drugs diclofenac.Results Significant changes were ob- served in 20 meters walk pain,knee joint tenderness scale,WOMAC index scale,5F-36 health survey,knee joint swelling scale,compared with baseline(P＞0.05)in both diacerhein and diclofenac group respectively.No difference was found between diacerhein group and diclofenae group.The patient global assessment and physi- cian's global assessment were similar in diacerhein group and diclofenac group(P＞0.05).The side effect was similar in two groups.All of these side effects in gastrointestinal tract appeared to be transient.Conclusion Diacerhein can effectively relieve pain and swelling of knee osteoarthritis,and provides us a new effective and safe approach for treating knee osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVETo explore the theory of "Fei and Dachang being interior-exteriorly related" and the pathogenesis of lung injury by observing changes of inflammatory cytokines and oxygen free radicals in ulcerative colitis (UC) rats.

METHODSTotally 50 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, the normal control group and the model group, 25 rats in each group. The UC model was established by allergizing colon mucosa combined with TNBS-alcohol (50%) enema. Another 25 rats were recruited as the normal control group. At week 2 and 4 after modeling, the pathomorphological changes of the lung were observed. Furthermore, the contents of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1beta were determined by ELISA. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated with colorimetry.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the pathomorphology of the lung tissue in the model group appeared abnormal at week 2 and 4. Compared with the normal control group, levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and MDA in the lung tissue significantly increased in the model group (P < 0. 01) and the activities of SOD significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTNF-alpha, IL-1beta, SOD, and MDA might be common material bases for the large intestine involved in lung disease of UC patients, thus providing a modern scientific basis for the theory of Fei and Dachang being interior-exteriorly related.

Animals ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective: To compare nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of gentamycin administered in single dose or multiple dose daily in guinea pigs. Methods: Thirty two male guinea pigs were divided into physiological saline control, single dose group daily (gentamycin, 120 mg/kg, 1/d) and multiple dose group daily (gentamycin, 60 mg/kg, 2/d). The physiopathology of renal and cochlea in guinea pigs were examined using auditory brainstem response (ABR), SC sound irritation and electron microscope. The gentamycin concentrations in serum and in perilymph were monitored by fluorescene polarization immunoassay (FPIA). Results: (1) Compared with control group, both gentamycin single and mulitiple daily doses injuried kidney and cochlea to some extent.The injury of multiple dose groups were worse than that the single dose groups ( P

OBJECTIVETo find out clinical characteristics and natural history of post transfusion HCV infection.

METHODS83 subjects who have received the blood from a same blood donor from January 1998 to July 2002 were investigated by the method combining cross-sectional study with retrospective study. HCV-antibody, HCV RNA, liver function, abdomen B-ultrasound and Fibroscan were detected.

RESULTSThe HCV-antibody were all positive. The HCV RNA of 56 out of the 83 cases were positive. The chronicity rates of hepatis C were 76.3% (29/38) in male patients and 60.00% (27/45) in female patients respectively, without significant difference (X² = 2.99, P = 0.11). The average age of the HCV RNA positive patients was (36.54 ± 14.37) years old. The average age of the HCV RNA negative patients was (27.43 ± 12.51) years old. A significant difference (T = -2.41, P = 0.018) existed between. The HCV genotype was type1b. Among the HCV RNA positive patients,10 cases were with mild asthenia, anorexia and abdominal distention, 9 cases with increased serum ALT, 12 cases.with chronic hepatitis and 1 case was diagnosed with decompensated liver cirrhosis.

CONCLUSIONThe clinical manifestations of HCV infection are occult and chronic. The chronicity rate is related to gender and the age when infection was caught.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Blood Donors ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C ; etiology ; transmission ; virology ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; etiology ; transmission ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; Transfusion Reaction ; Young Adult

In order to explore the dormancy physiological and biochemical mechanism of Paris seeds, the seed embryo growth courses, and the dynamic change of 5 enzymes, include SOD, POD, CAT, MDH, G-6-PDH were measured during variable temperature stratification. The results indicated that Paris seeds embryo grew quickly after 40 d in warm-stratification (18 ± 1) °C, at the meantime the metabolic activity was significantly strengthened. These facts showed that Paris seeds turned into physiological after-ripening process. After 60-80 d, the morphological embryo after-ripping process basically completed, and the following cold-stratification (4 ± 1) °C furthered Paris seed to finish physiological after-ripening. After 40 d, the activity of MDH decreased while G-6-PDH increased significantly. This showed that the main respiratory pathway of seed changed from TCA to PPP, which benifited breaking seed dormancy. In the whole period of stratification process, the activity variation of SOD and CAT was insignificantly and the activity of POD was enhanced significantly after shifting the seed in cold stratification process. This showed that SOD, CAT had no direct effects on breaking Paris seed dormancy but keeping the seed vigor, while the POD might involve in the process of Paris seed dormancy breaking.
Germination ; Liliaceae ; chemistry ; embryology ; enzymology ; Plant Proteins ; metabolism ; Seeds ; chemistry ; enzymology ; growth & development ; Temperature

BACKGROUND: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a cell surface receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes. TREM-1 acts to amplify inflammation and serves as a critical mediator of inflammatory response in the context of sepsis. To date, the predisposition of TREM-1 gene polymorphisms to septic shock has not been reported. This study was designed to investigate whether TREM-1 genomic variations are associated with the development of septic shock. METHODS: We genotyped two TREM-1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs2234237 and rs2234246) and evaluated the relationships between these SNPs and septic shock on susceptibility and prognosis. RESULTS: TREM-1 rs2234246 A allele in the promoter region was significantly associated with the susceptibility of septic shock in recessive model (AA, OR=3.10, 95％Cl 1.15 to 8.32, P=0.02), and in codominant model (AG, OR=0.72, 95％Cl 0.43–1.19, P=0.02; AA, OR=2.71, 95％Cl 1.00–7.42;P=0.03). However, in three inherited models (dominant model, recessive model, and codominant model), none of the assayed loci was significantly associated with the prognosis of septic shock. The non-survivor group demonstrated higher plasma IL-6 levels (99.7±34.7 pg/mL vs. 61.2±26.5 pg/mL, P<0.01) than the survivor group. Plasma concentrations of IL-6 among the three genotypes of rs2234246 were AA 99.4±48.9 pg/mL, AG 85.4±43 pg/mL, and GG 65.3±30.7 pg/mL (P<0.01). The plasma concentrations of IL-6 in patients with AA genotypes were significantly higher than those in patients with GG genotypes (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: TREM-1 genetic polymorphisms rs2234246 may be significantly correlated only with susceptibility to septic shock in the Chinese Han population.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy and surgical indications of Y type osteotomy in the treatment of post-tuberculous thoracolumbar severe angular kyphosis.Methods:From March 2012 to June 2018, 36 patients with post-tuberculous thoracolumbar severe angular kyphosis were treated with Y type osteotomy, including 22 males and 14 females, aged 23.6±5.7 years (range, 7-57 years). The parietal vertebrae of kyphosis were located in the upper thoracic vertebra in 3 cases, the thoracic vertebra in 11 cases, the thoracolumbar segment in 17 cases, and the lumbar vertebra in 5 cases. The Cobb angle of kyphosis before the operation was 92.8°±23.3° (range, 60°-147°). The visual analogue scale (VAS), American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) neurological function grade, and Kirkaldy-Willis function score were used to evaluate the clinical effect. The imaging evaluation indexes were interbody kyphosis angle and spinal bone fusion.Results:The operation was successful in all the 36 patients. The operation time was 210 ±25.9 min (range, 180-270 min), the intraoperative blood loss was 520 ±110 ml (range, 400-800 ml), and the postoperative follow-up time was 26.38±1.75 months (range, 22-30 months). The postoperative kyphosis Cobb angle was corrected to 16.5°±7.7° (range, 5°-35°), which was significantly improved compared with that before operation( t=25.438, P<0.01), and the correction rate was 82.2%. At the last follow-up, the kyphosis angle was 16.5°±7.1° (range, 6°-32°), which was not significantly different from that after the operation. The preoperative VAS score was 7.3±1.8 (range, 3-9), and the postoperative VAS score was 2.4±0.8 (range, 1-3), while the improvement rate was 67.1%. At the last follow-up, it was 1.1±0.6 (range, 0-2), and the improvement rate was 85.0%. According to the Kirkaldy-Willis functional score, the results were excellent in 25 cases, good in 8 cases, and fair in 3 cases at the last follow-up, with an excellent and good rate of 91.7%. Before the operation, 9 cases were accompanied by neurological dysfunction (ASIA grade: grade C in 2 cases, grade D in 7 cases). At the last follow-up, all the 9 patients recovered to grade E. During the operation, the electrophysiological nerve monitoring was abnormal in 2 patients, and the awakening test was negative in 1 case. In another patient, neuroelectrophysiological monitoring after posterior column osteotomy showed a decrease in bilateral sensory and motor function. There was no compression around the spinal cord in the osteotomy area, so the operating bed was gradually folded and partially restored to kyphosis and temporarily fixed with double rods. Neuroelectrophysiological monitoring suggested the recovery of nerve function. The awakening test showed that the nerve function of both lower limbs recovered close to the preoperative state, and further osteotomy and internal fixation was performed 2 weeks later. The nerve function of both lower limbs returned to normal after 3 months. After the operation, one patient's muscle strength of the lower limbs decreased from grade 5 to grade 3, and the sensory function was normal. After symptomatic support treatment such as neurotrophic drugs, it returned to normal 2 weeks later. 1 case developed delayed neurological dysfunction 1 year after the operation. Neurotrophic drugs and rehabilitation treatment improved it. The sinus of the incision was formed in one case 3 months after the operation and healed after debridement and suture. Conclusion:Y typeosteotomyis a safe and effective method for patients with post-tuberculous thoracolumbar severe angular kyphosis. Compared with traditional osteotomy, anterior support bone grafting can be avoided, and spinal shortening can be reduced.

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether the growth hormone gene (GH) promotor polymorphism (rs2854184) is associated with the occurrence or curve severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

METHODSTwo hundred and sixty-five AIS patients and 193 normal controls were recruited. The maximum Cobb angles were recorded in AIS patients. PCR-RFLP was used for the genotyping.

RESULTSThe genotype frequency distribution were AA 38.3%, AT 50.3%, TT 11.4% in AIS patients and AA 39.6%, AT 50.2%, 10.1% TT in controls for the promotor polymorphism rs2854184 in GH gene. It was comparable between AIS and normal control. The allele frequency distribution was also comparable between AIS and normal control. It was 63.5% for allele A, 36.5% for allele T in AIS patients and 64.7% for allele A, 35.3% for allele T in normal control. The mean maximum Cobb angle in AIS patients with AA, AT, TT genotypes were 33.8 degrees +/- 10.0 degrees, 36.4 degrees +/- 15.0 degrees, 34.5 degrees +/- 9.1 degrees, respectively, it was similar with each other.

CONCLUSIONThe GH gene promoter polymorphism is neither associated with the occurrence nor the curve severity of AIS.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Human Growth Hormone ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Scoliosis ; genetics

Apoptosis ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; virology ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; pathogenicity ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; virology ; Humans ; Kidney Tubules ; cytology ; virology ; Male ; Serum