To investigate formation mechanism of secologanic acid sulfonates in sulfur-fumigated buds of Lonicera japonica, secologanic acid was enriched and purified from the sun-dried buds of L. japonica by various column chromatography on macroporus resin HPD-100, silica gel and ODS. The stimulation experiments of sulfur-fumigation process were carried out using secologanic acid reacted with SO2 in the aqueous solution. The reaction mechanism could be involved in the esterification or addition reaction. The present investigation provides substantial evidences for interpreting formation pathway of secologanic acid sulfonates in sulfur-fumigated buds of L. japonica.
Alkanesulfonates ; chemistry ; Carboxylic Acids ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flowers ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Models, Chemical ; Molecular Structure ; Sulfur ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Sulfur Dioxide ; chemistry ; Water ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate the appilcation value of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (IOTEE) in aortic valve replacement with bovine pericardium.Methods Totally 106 patients were ready to underwent the surgery of aortic valve replacement.The parameters of the aortic valves (diameter of aortic annular,aortic sinus and aortic sinus tube,effective height [eH]) were measured before cardiopulmonary by using IOTEE and during intraoperation.Results Eight cases were removed from the study due to supplemental preoperative diagnosis and modification of operative method,the rest of the 98 cases were enrolled.The coincidence rate of initial diagnosis hy using IOTEE and intraoperative diagnosis was 100 ％;5 cases (5/98,5.10 ％) of secondary diagnosis were inconsistent with intraoperative diagnosis.The coincidence rate of the number of aortic valves with preoperative IOTEE diagnosis and intraoperative diagnosis was 100 ％,the aortic valves perforation fistulas was 80.00％,the aortic valves vegetation was 85.71％,the senile calcified valvular disease was 100％,and the rheumatic disease was 100％.Diameter of aortic annular,aortic sinus and aortic sinus tube,eH measured by preoperative IOTEE had good correlation with intraoperative measurement (all r＞0.8,all P＜0.05).Conclusion IOTEE has feasibility and guiding value in aortic valve replacement with bovine pericardium,and is also of great significance to evaluate the prognosis of surgery.

As a part of the project for the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition), the quality standard of Sophora flavescens root extract was investigated and established. According to the methods described in the Appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition), the water and ash inspections were carried out. The marker components trifolirhizin, sophoraflavanone G, oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine in the samples were identified by qualitative TLC. The determination of oxymatrine, matrine, oxysophocarpine and sophocarpine was conducted by HPLC and the total flavonoids were measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, using sophoraflavanone G as reference substance. The results indicated the spots on the plate were clear with good resolution and the contents of oxymatrine, matrine, oxysophocarpine and sophocarpine in the 13 batches of the samples were 3.87% - 11.1%, 0.970% - 4.33%, 1.30% - 2.59% and 0.260% - 1.14%, respectively. The total flavoids in the 13 batches of the samples were 3.88% - 7.93%. In the study, the validated methods were reproducible and the established quality standard was feasible, which could be used for the quality control of S. flavescens root extract and related preparations.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Sophora ; chemistry

This paper analyses the defects of bubble oxygen inhalators currently used, and investigates into their solutions for improvement.
Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Oxygenators ; standards

Objective: To analyze the association of strength quality of junior high school students with comorbid depressive and anxiety (CDA) and its subtypes, so as to provide reference for mental health improvement among junior high students. Methods: A convenient sampling method was used to select 10 007 junior high students aged 13-16 from four cities (Nanchang, Ganzhou, Jiujiang, Shangrao) in Jiangxi Province during September to November 2023. A questionnaire survey and physical fitness tests were employed to collect basic information and assess students depressive and anxiety status, as well as strength quality. The χ 2 test was used to compare the distribution differences of CDA and its subtypes among different demographic characteristics, sleep, physical activity, and overweight/obesity conditions. Logistic regression models were applied to infer the association strength between strength quality and CDA and its subtypes. Results: The overall detection rate of CDA among junior high students was 11.04%. Among the CDA subtypes, the detection rates for mild depression-mild anxiety type, anxiety dominant type, depressiondominant type, and severe depression-severe anxiety type were 3.67%, 3.35%, 0.39% and 3.64%, respectively. Compared to the grip strength and standing long jump scores in the > P 75 group, the risk of CDA occurrence increased in other groups (grip strength: P 25 - P 75 , OR =1.20; < P 25 , OR =1.28; standing long jump: P 25 - P 75 , OR =1.31; < P 25 , OR =1.51; P <0.05). In stratified analysis of different CDA subtypes, compared to the grip strength > P 75 group, the risks for mild depression-mild anxiety type increased in the P 25 - P 75 and < P 25 groups ( OR=1.32, 1.44, P <0.05). Compared to the standing long jump > P 75 group, the risks for anxiety dominant type and severe depression-severe anxiety type increased in other groups (anxiety dominant type: P 25 - P 75 , OR =1.32; severe depression-severe anxiety type: < P 25 , OR =1.87; P < 0.05 ). Conclusions Lower levels of grip strength and standing long jump performance among junior high students are positively correlated with CDA and its subtypes. Lower levels of lower limb strength may be an important predictor of CDA in severe depression and anxiety.

OBJECTIVETo explore the change in the distensibility of large arteries and its influencing factors in elderly patients with essential hypertension.

METHODSAutomatic measuring system for pulse wave velocity (PWV) was applied to examine carotid-femoral PWV as an index reflecting distensibility of large arteries. 118 hypertensive patients aged 64 - 83 (mean age 67.12 +/- 10.26) years were included in the study. Of them, 87 were males and 31 were females.

RESULTSPWV of 118 hypertensive patients increased with increasing age (P < 0.001). Multivariate regressive analysis demonstrated that age and systolic blood pressure had the close relationship with PWV (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONHypertension of the elderly could cause reduction of distensibility of large arteries. Age and systolic blood pressure had the close relationship with distensibility of large arteries in elderly patients with essential hypertension.

Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Carotid Arteries ; physiopathology ; Elasticity ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; physiopathology ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulse

Sargentodoxae Caulis was prepared from the stems of Sargentodoxa cuneata. Twenty compounds from the the stems of S. cuneata collected in Huangshan Mountain, Anhui province, were isolated and purified by column chromatography on macroporous resin (HPD100), silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data analyses as (7R,8S)-3,3 '-5-trimethoxy-4,9-dihydroxy-4',7-expoxy-5',8-lignan-7'-en-9'-oic acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(1), 1-O-(vanillic acid) -6-O-vanilloyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside(2), 4-hydroxyphenylethyl-6-O-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside(3), citrusin B(4), cinnamoside(5), (-) -isolariciresinol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), (-) -isolariciresinol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), 1-O-(vanillic acid) -6-(3", 5"-dimethoxy-galloyl) -beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), 4-hydroxyphenyl-ethyl-6-O-(E) -caffeoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), (-)-syringaresinol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10), (-)-syringaresinol di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (11), aegineoside (12), calceolarioside B (13), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-acetophenone-4-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (14), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-acetophenone-4-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 --> 6) -beta-D-glucopyranoside (15), (-) -epicatechin (16), salidroside (17), 3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl ethyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (18), chlorogenic acid (19) and protocatechuic acid (20). Compound 1 was a new compound and compounds 2-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Lignans ; isolation & purification ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Ranunculaceae ; chemistry

The methods to determine the total phenols, total saponins, and marker constituents salidroside, chlorogenic acid and 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenylethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside in the samples of Sargentodoxae Caulis were established to provide the evidence for the improvement and revision of the quality standard of the crude material recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition). The content of total phenols was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, using gallic acid as a reference substance. The content of total saponins was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, using 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-28-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl] asiatic acid as a reference substance. The contents of salidroside, chlorogenic acid and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside were detected by HPLC. The linear ranges were 1.01-7.04 mg x L(-1) for total phenols, 37.7-201 μg for total saponins, 0.025 8-1.55 μg for salidroside, 0.076 2-5.44 μg for chlorogenic acid, and 0.064 9-3.47 μg for 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylethyl-βP-D-glucopyranoside, respectively. Their average recoveries were 99.12%, 99.11% 105.5%, 99.08%, and 101.6%, respectively. The contents of total phenols and total saponins were 3. 04% -11. 9% and 0. 87% -3. 63%. The contents of salidroside, chlorogenic acid and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside fluctuated from 0.018% to 0. 572%, from 0.041% to 1.75% and from 0.035% to 1.32%. The established methods were reproducible, and they could be used for the quality control of Sargentodoxae Caulis. The present investigation suggested that total phenols, salidroside, and chlorogenic acid should be recorded in the quality standard of Sargentodoxae Caulis and their contents should not be less than 6.8% for total phenols, 0.040% for salidroside, and 0.21% for chlorogenic acid.
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Phenol ; analysis ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Saponins ; analysis ; Triterpenes ; analysis

A comprehensively comparison of the chemical profiles between sun-drying BJ (NBJ) and sulfur-fumigated BJ (SBJ) was conducted by HPLC analysis and the discrepant peaks were identified or tentatively assigned by HPLC-ESI-MSn. A total of 32 chemical components were used for qualitative comparison. Meanwhile, a quantitative comparison of BJwere conducted by HPLC analysis and determining seven compounds from 3 NBJ and 3 SBJ samples dramatic chemical changes were found. After sulfur fumigation, the contents of flavonoids glycosides and phenolic acids were remarkably reduced, but the contents of flavonoids aglycones were significantly increased. Multivariate statistics, including principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) were used to investigate the potential damaging effect of sulfur-fumigating process. The PCA score plots showed six samples were clearly classified into the sun-drying and sulfur-fumigating groups. And according to VIP >1, the most important chemical markers were apigenin, luteolin and 3,5-dicaffeoylquninic acid which could be used to distinguish NBJ and SBJ samples. Combining the results of qualitative and quantitative analysis, it showed that the sulfur fumigation has a significant effect on BJ.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chrysanthemum ; chemistry ; Fumigation ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Principal Component Analysis ; Sulfur

OBJECTIVETo determine the rheological properties of shuanghuanglian in situ gel (SHL-gel) by using dynamic rheological experiments, in order to evaluate its gelling properties shuanghuanglian in situ gel and predict its gelling behavior in vivo.

METHODRheological parameters were determined by scanning of shear rate and frequency at different temperatures. The phase transition process from liquid to semisolid was described by testing of process heating/cooling and acute heating/cooling.

RESULTSHL-gel was Newtonian fluid under the conditions of a phase angle approaching 90 degrees at low temperature or room temperature, with its viscous characteristics dominated. It was shear-thinning pseudoplastic fluid under the conditions of a low phase angle at body temperature, with its elastic characteristics dominated. During the phase transition process, the phase angle delta was getting sharp, with exponential increase of the modulus. The gelling temperature (Tg) was at (35.38 +/- 0.05) degrees C, the phase transition temperature ranged from 33.71 to 37.01%, and phase transition time was 140 s.

CONCLUSIONThe dynamic rheological experiment characterizes the gelling properties of Shuanghuanglian in situ gel so precisely that it can be used as the basis of for in vitro evaluation and quality control of products.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Phase Transition ; Quality Control ; Rheology ; Temperature ; Viscosity