Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of flurbiprofen axetil or small-dose ketamine for remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia. Methods 120 anesthetized patients with ASA ⅠorⅡwere randomly divided into three groups. Group A (40 cases) was given 0.5 mg/kg of ketamine by intravenous injection,and 5μg/(kg.min) vein to maintain,group B (40 cases) was given 100 mg of preoperative flurbiprofen axetil by intravenous injection and group C (40 cases) had no flurbiprofen axetil or ketamine which was served as controls. After the treatment, all groups were given continuous intravenous tramadol controlled analgesia (PCIA) . Results After 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 8 h, the visual analog scale (VAS) of group C was significantly higher than that of group A and group B ( <0.05);after 24 h, there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups in VAS scores ( > 0.05) . The number of fentanyl analgesia were 25 cases and postoperative 24 h PCIA self-control were (8.6 ±4.2) times, which were more than 7 cases and (3.3 ±2.8) times of group A, and 6 cases and (3.2 ± 2.2) times of group B ( <0.05) . Conclusion The preoperative administration of flurbiprofen axetil or intraoperative continuously administered ketamine is able to prevent the occurrence of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia, and it will not affect the patient regained consciousness. The method is safe and reliable,so it is worth promoting and popularizing.

To stury the pharmacokinetie of tramadol and aeetaminophen in healthy volunteers. Methods Totally 20 healthy adult male volunteers participated in the study were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups and were given respectively the dose of one and two pills by oral administration. Serum was separated and the concentrations of tramadol and acetaminophen in human serum were determined by HPLC using fluorescence and UV detector. The values of concentration were directly detected, and AUC was calculated by linear trapezoid method. Results The main pharmacokinetie parameters of tramadol and acetaminophen of 2 dosages groups were as follow: Tramadol: AUC_(0-24h)(ng · h· mL~(-1)) were 2 724. 89 ± 1 016.54 and 1 361.61 + 441. 79; AUC_(0-∞)(ng·h·mL~(-1)) were3 065.49±1 190.66 and 1 555.04±582.51; t_(max)(h) were 1.8±0.75 and 1.9±0.57; t_(t/2)(h) were 7.34±1.39and7.63±2.02; Kel(h~(-1)) were 0. 098±0. 019 and 0. 097± 0.027; Cl_r(mL · min~(-1)) were 31.84±13.65 and 30.03 ± 9.20; MRT(h) were 7.62 ± 1.07 and 7.77 ± 0.75. Acetaminophen. AUC_(0-24h)(μg · h · mL~(-1)) were 40.28 ± 10.36 and 18.37 ± 3.84 ; AUC_(0-∞)(μg · h · mL~(-1)) were 41.63 ± 10. 96 and 18. 81 ± 4.06; t_(max)(h) were 0. 9 ± 0.46 and 0. 9 ± 0. 39; t_(t/2)(h) were5.39 ± 1. 16 and 4. 96 ± 1.03; Kel(h~(-1)) were 0. 13 ± 0. 03 and 0. 15 ± 0. 03; Clr (mL · min~(-1)) were 17.17 ± 4.57 and 18.42 ± 3.89; MRT(h) were 4.86 ± 0.48 and 4.50 ± 0.53. Conclusions No significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters, such as t_(max), t_(t/2), Ke,Cl, MRT,AUC_(0-t)/dose, AUC_(0-∞)/dose and C_(max)/dose are shown between these two dose groups and a linear pharmacokinetic is featured.

Objective To compare the clinical curative effect of partial hepatectomy combined with biliary intestinal anastomosis and T tube drainage in the treatment of intrahepatic stones.Methods 72 patients with intrahe-patic stones were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group.The observation group received lobectomy of liver +bile duct jejunum anastomosis,the control group received lobectomy of liver +T tube drainage treatment.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,functional exercise time,length of hospital stay, recurrence rate,clinical efficacy and complications were observed.Results The patients were followed up for 6 -12months.The operative time,blood loss,ambulation exercise time,length of hospital stay in the observation group were (158.29 ±32.53)min,(161.42 ±11.75)mL,(3.61 ±0.28)d,(5.31 ±1.17)d,which were significantly more than those in the control group[(127.57 ±26.38)min,(78.29 ±8.36)mL,(2.25 ±0.56)d,(4.86 ± 2.39)d].The recurrence rate of stone of the observation group during the postoperative follow -up was 5.56%, which was significantly lower than 16.67% of the control group (t =4.328,7.196,2.174,2.259,1.862,all P <0.05).The excellent and good rate of the observation group was 94.44%,which was higher than 83.33% of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =1.257,P <0.05).6 cases in the observation group had complications (16.67%),including 1 case of incision infection,subphrenic infection in 2 cases,bile leakage in 2 cases,1 case of pulmonary infection.15 cases in the control group had postoperative complications (41.67%), including 3 cases of wound infection,bile leakage in 4 cases,3 cases of biliary tract bleeding,abdominal bleeding in 1 case,2 cases of pulmonary infection,subphrenic infection in 1 case,pleural effusion in 1 case,the difference between the two groups was significant (χ2 =2.291,P <0.05).Conclusion Liver resection is an effective method for treatment of intrahepatic bile duct stones,on the basis of liver resection by intestinal anastomosis in the treatment of intrahepatic bile duct stone long -term effect is better,which can effectively prevent recurrence of the intrahepatic bile duct stone and bile duct cancer,widely used in patients with indications for clinical physicians.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a HPLC method for the determination of the concentration of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and 1, 3-dicaffeoylquinic acid in rat urine and to observe the excretion of three compounds in rats. METHODS: Rat urine samples, collected at different intervals after vein injection of Dengzhanxixin injection traditional Chinese medicines, added with protocatechuic aldehyde as internal standard, handled by ethyl acetate, then were measured by HPLC. RESULTS: The recoveries of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and 1, 3-dicaffeoylquinic acid were about 95%-98%, 90%-95%, 95%-97%, respectively. The cumulative excretions of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and 1, 3-dicaffeoylquinic acid in urine within 60 h were (70.97 ± 7.31)%, (87.62 ± 12.23)% and (9.87 ± 2.63)%. Relative standard deviation(RSD) of intra- and inter-day assay was less than 10%. CONCLUSION: The established method is simple, accurate and specific. It can be successfully used for the analysis of three compounds in rat urine.

Rice stripe virus (RSV) infects rice and is transmitted in a propagative manner by the small brown planthopper.How RSV enters an insect cell to initiate the infection cycle is poorly understood.Sequence analysis revealed that the RSV NSvc2 protein was similar to the membrane glycoproteins of several members in the family Bunyaviridae and might induce cell membrane fusion.To conveniently study the membrane fusion activity of NSvc2,we constructed cell surface display vectors for expressing Nsvc2 on the insect cell surface as the membrane glycoproteins of the enveloped viruses.Our results showed that NSvc2 was successfully expressed and displayed on the surface of insect Sf9 cells.When induced by low pH,the membrane fusion was not observed in the cells that expressed NSvc2.Additionally,the membrane fusion was also not detected when co-expressing Nsvc2 and the viral capsid protein on insect cell surface.Thus,RSV NSvc2 is probably different from the phlebovirus counterparts,which could suggest different functions.RSV might enter insect cells other than by fusion with plasma or endosome membrane.

OBJECTIVETo develop a life quality scale suitable for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients, objectively reflecting its changes.

METHODSAuthors first put forward a theoretical structure model of a scale according to patient-reported outcome (PRO) scale formulation principle by combining basic theories of Chinese medicine (CM). Then authors developed an initial scale on the basis of various life quality scales for respiratory disease patients by using structural decision making. Totally 34 patients with confirmed diagnosis of IPF were tested by questionnaire. Items were screened using expert importance scoring method, factor analysis, correlation coefficient method, Cronbach's alpha coefficient method. IPF patient reported outcomes (IPF PRO, IP) were finally defined.

RESULTSA new IP scale was developed covering three areas and 38 items. Pearson correlation coefficient for correlation analysis of clinical symptom scores in ST-George Respiratory Questionnaire and IP scale was 0.828 (P < 0.01). Pearson correlation coefficient for correlation analysis of activity ability scores was 0.929 (P < 0.01). Pearson correlation coefficient for correlation analysis of total scores was 0.862 (P < 0.01). By reliability of IP scale itself (reliability) analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.713. By using factor analysis method for data analysis, KMO statistics was 0.902.

CONCLUSIONIP scale fully reflected the connotation of IPF patients' quality of life, so it could be used as CM clinical therapeutic effect evaluation tool.

Objective To calculate the mean absorbed doses at celluar and subcellular levels for uniformly and non-uniformly distributed Auger electron emitters. Methods The energy deposited in cell or nucleus by Auger electrons was analytically calculated using the polynomial representation of energy loss.S-values were subsequently computed for several target-source combinations.The absorbed dose and dose distribution were calculated for spherically symmetric radionuclide distributions depending linearly and exponentially on the radial position.The dose profile as a function of the source radial coordinate was also evaluated for typical cell sizes.The contributions of photon radiation to absorbed dose in cells were ignored. Results The mean absorbed dose and dose distribution depend largely on the size of target cells,the radiation spectrum and intracellular localization and distribution of radionuclides.The contribution of intranuclear radionuclides to mean absorbed dose was larger than that of extranuclear ones. Conclusion Auger electrons can produce high local energy deposition in cells because of their very low energies and extremely short ranges.Our dose calculation method is simple.The results are reliable and can be used in many fields.

Humans ; Labyrinth Diseases ; pathology ; therapy

Objective MicroRNA(miRNA)has recently been suggested to play a role in certain virus infections.The present study is to investigate if miRNA is associated with hepatitis B virus(HBV)activity by detecting differential expression of miRNA between human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2.2.15 transfected with full-long HBV genome and its parent cell line HepG2.Methods Total RNA were extracted from HepG2.2.15 cells and control HepG2 cells,respectively.miRNAs were then isolated from the total RNA.Mammalian miRNA microarrays containing 509 miRNA genes were employed to analyze the differentially expressed miRNAs between the two groups.miRNAs were considered to be up-or down-regulated when the fluorescent intensity ratio between the two groups was over 4-fold and global false positive is zero using SAM program.Validation of microarray results was carried out by real-time quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR).Results Compared with those of control HepG2 cells,a total of 27 miRNAs were differentially expressed(5.3% of all probes),among which 7 were up-regulated and 20 were down-regulated in HepG2.2.15 cells.qRT-PCR verified that miR-181d expression was 16-fold up-regulated and miR-15a was 9-fold down-regulated in HepG2.2.15 cells,which was in agreement with the results of the microarray analysis.Conclusion The findings suggest that there are HBV replication-associated miRNAs in HBV genome-transfected HepG2.2.15 cells.These up-and down-regulated miRNAs may be involved in the life cycle of HBV replication.The knowledge is helpful for further study to discover new molecular targets for anti-HBV therapy.

[Objective]To observe expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and peroxynitrite anion around the prostheses,and study the relationship between the osteolysis and inducible nitric oxide synthase peroxyni-trite.[Method]Interface tissues were obtained at three Delee-Charnley acetabular sections and seven Gruen femur sections in six revision total hip arthroplasty surgery. The tissues were prepared for immunohistochemical assays to determine the expression of iNOS and nit rotyrosine (NT)-a specific“footprint”of peroxynitrite. Pre-revision X-ray films were observed to determine the incidence of osteolysis regions and non-osteolysis regions. The correlation between the positive cells and the severity of osteolysis were analyzed and compared.[Result]Data showed that zone Ⅲ has much higher iNOS positive immunostaining than that of zone Ⅰ and Ⅱ at acetabulum, and the expression of zone 1、2、6、7 was significantly higher than the other zone at femur(P