We analyzed the special characteristics of postgraduate education for anesthesiology majors based on the current situation of medical postgraduate education.Next,we introduced the ‘ sandwich' teaching method and discussed how it can promote students' subjective initiative by transforming various learning patterns.Finally,the effectiveness of study was elevated by ‘sandwich' teaching method.

Objective To explore the status and impact factors of hospitalized patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) accompanying depression disorders.Methods Adopt HRSD,SDS and general questionnaire for survey tools to evaluate the 300 hospitalized patients with CHD.Using SPSS13.0 software to build database,and the data was analyzed by descriptive statistics analysis and correlation analysis.Result There were 148 people accompanying depression disorders among the hospitalized·patients with CHD(47.30％ ),and 68 people were treated (47.89％).Multivariate logistic regression indicated that the age ( OR =-0.415,P ＜ 0.05,CI =0.443 ～0.984),smoking history( OR =0.384,P ＜ 0.05,CI =1.118 ～ 1.928 ),course of disease ( OR =-0.250,P ＜0.05,CI =0.608 ～ 0.996),myocardial infarction ( OR =0.676,P ＜ 0.05,CI =1.082 ～ 3.576 ),family history ( OR =-0.744,P ＜ 0.05,CI =0.231 ～ 0.978 ) were related to coronary artery disease accompanying depression disorders.Multivariate correlation analysis indicated that anxiety factor and gender were closely related,weight factor and age,educational level,myocardial infarction had closed relationship,cognitive factors were closely associated with the course of disease,day and night changes were in relation to age,block factor and gender,age,education,drinking history,smoking history were related closely,sleep factor and gender,onset form,hypertension relations closed,despair factor have closed relationship with gender,age,educational level,course of disease.Conclusion Age,smoking history,course of disease,myocardial infarction,family history were important risk factors of depression disorders in hospitalized patients with CHD.The HRSD's seven symptoms factors are closely associated with multipling influence factors.

STMN1 is a microtubule-destabilizing protein that regulates cell cycle by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. It plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of cells, in addition to the tumorigenesis. This protein is highly expressed in a wide variety of human cancers, including leukemia and multiple types of solid tumors. The relationship between STMN1 and gastric cancer has recently been investigated. Studying STMN1 in gastric cancer is important. A number of studies have suggested that overex-pression of STMN1 can affect the therapeutic response of docetaxel, an anti-microtubule drug. This review summarizes the role of ST-MN1 in gastric carcinogenesis, development, prognosis, and treatment. The relationship between STMN1 and clinical pathology and its regulation pathways is also investigated.

Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; United States

Background and purpose: Primary intracranial epithelioid haemangioendothelioma (EH) was rare. This study was to discuss the clinical pathological features, radiographic findings, treatment and prognosis of primary intracranial EH combined with literature review. Methods: We reviewed a case of EH reported from our hospital, and comprehensively analyzed the related literature. Results: Based on our report and review of the literature, EH is rare and with borderline or uncertain behavior. The original tumors demonstrated specific image features. The tumor usually appeared as a small nest or cords composed of eosinophilic epithlioid or spindled cells.Immunohistochemical assay were positive for endothelial markers CD31, CD34 and FⅧ. EH may be treated with complete surgical resection whenever possible and is sensitive to radiation. The EH has a favorable prognosis. Conclusion: EH has variable malignant potential, and should be differentiated from meningioma. Total resection and close follow-up is recommended. Additional radiotherapy is advised for residual tumors.

Objective To evaluate the technique and result of endovascular treatment for right subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion.Methods Seventeen patients [13 males,4 females ; (56 ± 11)years old] with right subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion were treated with endovascular surgery which included recanalization,balloon angioplasty and stenting via femoral or brachial artery route.Cerebral protection devices were used in 6 cases to avoid cerebral embolism.Results Sixteen of the seventeen patients acquired successful recanalization in 8 cases with subclavian artery stenosis (100％ technical success rate) and in other 8 cases with subclavian artery occlusion (88.9％ technical success rate).Five cases were treated with balloon angioplasty,and 11 cases were treated with balloon angioplasty combined with stenting.Good patency was seen in the 16 cases immediately after the procedure.The cerebral protection devices prevented all the cases from cerebral embolism and were retrieved suceessfully.Sixteen cases were followed up from 1 to 66 months [mean (24 ± 18) months].Restenosis was found in one case 10 months later and was successfully treated with re-PTA.One case with aortoarteritis died of cerebral infarction 18 months later.No symptom recurrence was found in other cases and ultrasound or CTA of followup showed excellent patency.Conclusions Balloon angioplasty and stenting are safe and effective for the treatment of right subclavian artery occlusion.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of treating the endovascular stents placement for spontaneous isolated dissection of splanchnic artery ( SIDSA).Methods Sixteen consecutive patients with diagnosis of SIDSA through CTA and DSA were retrospectively analyzed .All patients had acute persistent abdominal pain and treated by endovascular stents placement.The serious complications and symptoms improvement were reviewed after the operation.The symptoms recurrence and repeated color doppler ultrasonography and CTA were also reviewed in the follow up.Results Twelve superior mesenteric artery ( SMA) dissection and four celiac artery ( CA) dissection were diagnosed among sixteen patients.The dissection length was 1.07 to 11.87 cm and the median length was 3.93 cm.The distance from the original dissection to the orifice of superior mesenteric artery or celiac artery was 0.50 to 6.44 cm and the median was 1.98 cm.Eight stent-grafts and 3 bare stents were successfully implanted in 11 patients.One case with celiac dissection was failed to treat because of the severe compression of true lumen and the guide wire cann′t cannulate to the distal true lumen.Four patients with superior mesenteric artery dissection gave up interventional therapy , Among these 4 patients , 2 patients had small tear site and small false lumen , 1 patient had extremely long dissection , and one case had blood supply of target organs from both true and false lumen.No severe complications such as hemorrhage , intestinal necrosis , hepatic failure and splenic necrosis occurred during the eleven successful endovascular interventions.The abdominal pain in 10 cases was disappeared or significantly relieved , 1 case with superior mesenteric vein thrombosis and severe intestinal ischemia before intervention underwent intestinal resection for necrosis.The follow up period was 1 to 74 months in eleven successful cases , and the median follow-up period was 16 months.One patient with SMA dissection after endovascular treatment was died of sudden stroke three months later .Others had satisfactory outcome and the repeated color doppler ultrasonography and CTA were normal .Conclusions Endovascular stents placement is a safe and effective therapy for symptomatic spontaneous isolated dissection of splanchnic artery.

Objective To understand the existing deficiency in the work of preventing HIV transmission from mother to child.Methods The diagnostic occasions of 179 HIV positive pregnant women(189 pregnant times)in some counties in Hubei,Shanxi,and Hebei were collected,including measures for prevention.The reasons for the missing prevention for HIV positive pregnant women were analyzed.Results The HIV positive rate in pregnant women in the counties enrolled in this study was 0.26‰.Percentage of HIV pregnant women who were found in antepartum,intrapartum,and postpartum were 66.7%,7.4%,and 25.9% respectively.Some HIV positive pregnant women missed the prevention in all of three periods.In HIV positive pregnant women found antepartum,some rejected prevention.The missing reason for HIV positive pregnant women found intrapartum failed to get ARV drug.HIV positive pregnant women found postpartum missed the prevention.Conclusions There is some progress in the work of preventing HIV transmission from mother to child in China,but some HIV positive pregnant women can not be detected in time,and the percentage of HIV pregnant women who have received comprehensive measures is low.The work of PMTCT therefore needs to be improved.

Objective To perform an acceptance test for the IMRT system with independent collimator. Methods An ion chamber dosimeter were used to measure the startup characteristics of the accelerator and the absolute dose at isocenter and given characteristic points for three clinical cases ( a lower nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a lung cancer and a cervical cancer). The characteristic points represented the organs at risk or the target. A Mapeheck2 was used to measure dose maps of basic test fields and the treatment fields for the clinical cases. The basic test fields were as follows: 1 ). Symmetric fields in size of 2 cm ×2 cm, 5 cm ×5 cm, 10 cm× 10 cm, 20 cm ×20 cm, 2 cm × 10 cm, 10 cm ×2 cm, 5 cm ×20 cm and 20 cm ×5 cm;2). Asymmetric fields in size of 2 cm ×2 cm (x1 =4 cm, y1 = 10 cm;x2 = -2 cm, y2 = -8cm) and 5 cm ×5 cm (x1 = -2 cm, y1 = -5 cm;x2 =7 cm, y2 = 10 cm) ;3) A 20 cm ×20 cm composite field composed of five 20 cm× 4 cm narrow bar fields side by side. Gamma Index was used to compare calculated and corresponding measured dose distributions. When the criterion was 3% dose difference or 3 mm distance-to-agreement, the pass rate was required to be more than 90%. Results The accuracy of machine output was better than 2% when machine monitor units increased to 4. Among all basic test fields and all the treatment fields of three clinical cases, the maximal absolute dose error was -3.67%, and only the composite test field and two treatment fields of the lower nasopharyngeal carcinoma case had a pass rate slightly less than 90%, which were 83.6%, 88. 3% and 89. 7% ,respectively. For the three clinical cases the treatment delivery times were 15, 14, and 27 minutes, respectively. Conclusions The overall commissioning results are acceptable, and the system can be used in clinic.

Objective To quantitatively study the posterior fossa effective space and its relationship with hemifacial spasm (HFS).Methods We conducted a case-control study of patients diagnosed with HFS and sex-and age-matched healthy controls.All subjects underwent high-resolution three-dimensional MRI.The software of 3D-Slicer was used to measure the posterior fossa space and hindbrain tissue volume between the two groups.Results Sixty patients and 60 controls were enrolled in this study.Compared to controls,patients with HFS had a higher posterior fossa crowdedness index (PFCI;83.7％ ± 0.6％ vs 79.2％ ± 0.4％;t =2.58, P =0.01).The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that a higher PFCI was associated with younger age (r =-0.61, P =0.02), female gender (r =0.76, P =0.003) and HFS (r =-0.43, P =0.01).Conclusions Patients with HFS have a more crowded posterior fossa space than healthy controls, potentially leading to cranial nerve and vascular structure crowding, thus increasing HFS risk.Women have a higher PFCI, which may explain the strong female preponderance in epidemiologic studies.