Silk fiber,as a kind of natural polymer,has been used as surgical sutures in clinic for years.Silk fiber is composed of a filament core protein,termed fibroin and a glue-like coating called sericin proteins.Due to its unique mechanical properties,good biocompatibility and slow degradability,silk fiber has been put in variety of applications as a new kind of biomedical scaffolds in recent years.With the development of the processing technique,silk fiber can be processed through the new versatile processing method to form various forms of scaffolds and its surface could be modified for different purposes.Further more,it could be tailored through genetic recombination to form the silk fibroin-like polymers which has a promising potential in medical applications.

Objective To study the application value of high frequency ultrasound to the diagnosis of early rheumatoid arthri‐tis .Methods 40 cases were selected ,who were diagnosed with early rheumatoid arthritis ,as the RA group ,another 40 healthy per‐sons were selected as the normal control group .Objects in the 2 groups were examined with high frequency ultrasound and X‐ray . Comparison of the examination results was made ,at the same time ,the results of suprapatellar bursa effusion ,synovial hyperplasia and bone erosion of the positive detection rate in group RA from the analysis of high‐frequency ultrasound and X‐ray examination were also compared .In addition ,the relativity between the related index and ESR index and CRP index in group RA was also ana‐lysed .Results The suprapatellar bursa effusion ,synovial hyperplasia ,bone erosion of color flow rate and bone erosion of the posi‐tive detection rate were higher than those in normal control group(P<0 .05);Compared with the control group ,the artery resist‐ance index was less ,the femoral condyle and lateral condylar cartilage thickness of RA group increased more(P<0 .05) .High fre‐quency ultrasound positive detection rate suprapatellar bursa effusion ,synovial hyperplasia ,bone erosion in patients of group RA were higher than those of X‐ray(P<0 .05) .The knee joint suprapatellar bursa effusion ,synovial hyperplasia of synovial membrane thickenss ,the thickness of the color blood flow grade and CRP ,ESR of patients in RA group were correlated(P<0 .01) .Conclusion High frequency ultrasound can respond to the situation of early rheumatoid arthritis patients ,and the lesion detection rates are higher ,there is a certain correlation between ultrasonographic indexes and CRP ,ESR .

Objective To analyze the relationship between the direct signs of invasive ductal carcinoma and the metastasis in the mammography.Methods 21 7 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma in the mammography were divided into four groups:mass with calcification group,mass without calcification group,calcification without mass group and the group without both mass and calcification. The correlation between metastasis and the size and shape of mass or calcification was studied.Results The rate of metastasis in the group with mass and calcification was 56.31%,and the percentage of the skin and nipple depressed in this group was 38.83%,both of whom were highest (P =0.004 and P =0.043)among four groups.The rate of metastasis in mass group was higher than that in the group without mass (46.27% vs 18.75%,P =0.033).Meanwhile,the edge burr and lobulation of the mass didn’t exert remarkable influence on the rate of metastasis (46.70% vs 25.00% and 43.37% vs 52.00%,P =0.389 and P =0.348).The probability of me-tastasis in the calcification group was higher than that in noncalcification group (53.57% vs 34.29%,P =0.001 ).However,in the calcification group,the different shapes of calcification did not result in significant difference in the rate of metastasis (51.19% vs 60.71%, P =0.382).In the 201 patients with breast cancer mass,the size of mass did not correlate with metastasis [(81.04±1 1 9.45)mm3 vs (70.06±208.30)mm3 ,P =0.654].The masses with lobulation were bigger than others [(7 6 .5 0 ± 1 7 4 .1 3 )mm 3 vs (8 .3 9 ± 1 0 .2 7 )mm 3 ,P =0.000],while the masses with edge burr were smaller than those with smooth edges [(52.10 ±85.90)mm3 vs (144.75±304.13)mm3 ,P =0.038].There was no significant correlation between the size of mass and the calcification [(80.39 ± 126.62)mm3 vs (69.63±209.12)mm3 ,P =0.660].However,the masses with point calcification were larger than those with both point and worm calcifications [(92.79±137.21)mm3 vs (41.71±94.58)mm3 ,P =0.041].Conclusion The mass and calcification in the mammography are valuable for judging the malignant degree of invasive ductal carcinoma.

Humans ; Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Objective To observe the changes of femur biomechanical properties in fluorosis rats. Methods Fifty Wistar rats of thirty-day old, weighing 90-100 g, were randomly divided according to body mass into fluorosis and control group of 25 each. Fluorosis group drank tap water containing 100 mg/L of fluoride, the control group drank tap water. The rats were observed of dental growing status and killed after feeding 6 months. Their femurs underwent tensile strength, impact, shear, bending experiments. Results The deteetable rate of dental fluorosis was significantly higher in fluorosis group[92%(23/25)] than control group[0(0/25),X2=38.97, P<0.01]. Biomeehanical data in fluorosis group(225.67±11.81,1.94±0.15,76.62±6.10,39.96.3±3.90) were lower than those of the control group(244.70±13.38,2.39±0.19,87.72±7.05,45.75±3.75) in experiments of tensile strength (MPa), impact toughness (J/mm2), shear and bending strength (MPa). The difference was statistically significant(t=3.372,5.879,3.756 and 3383, respectively, P<0.01) between the two groups. Conclusion Fluorides affected bone metabolism in rats, femur biomechanieal properties ehanged in fluorosis rats.

Objective To analyze the clinical and radiographic features of short stature combined with skeletal deformity in children,and to diagnose exactly and cure promptly in children.Methods One hundred and twenty children were collected,included 69 males and 51 females.All of the children were collected detail medical history including history of birth,feeding,growth and development and family history and taken both physical and X ray examination that bone age could be evaluate by Gruelich-Pyle method.The children were taken a laboratory examination including calcium,phosphours,alkaline phosphatase,chromosome karyotype,and so on.Results Among 120 children,there were 36 cases(30.0%) of achondroplasia,20 cases(17.0%)of Turner syndrome,10 cases(8.0%)of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia,1 case(0.8%)of spondyloepiphseal dysplasia congenital,7 cases(5.8%) of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda,2 cases(1.6%) of osteogenesis imperfecta,1 case(0.8%) of cleidocranial dysplasia,5 cases(4.2%)of mucopolysaccharide Ⅳ,5 cases(4.2%) of pseudoachondroplasia,9 cases(7.5%)of hypophosphatemic ricket,24 cases(20%)of short limb dwarf.Among 120 cases,27 were regularity dwarfism(22.5%),93 cases were irregularity dwarfism(77.5%);Among 93 cases of irregularity dwarfism,80 cases were short limb dwarfism including 36 cases of short upper limb(short upper arm 35 cases,shortforearm 1 case),20 cases of short lower limb,24 cases of proportional short stature,13 cases of short trunk.X ray bone age lag 46 cases,ahead of schedule 15 cases(12.5%),normal 59 cases.Conclusions The main causes of short stature combined with skeletal deformity are genetic bone disease.To analyze the feature of clinical and radiographic is a valuble instrument for the children diagnosis of short stature combined with skeletal deformity.Part of them skeletal age were lagged.

Objective To investigate the effects of acute hypervolemie hemodilution(AHH)combinedwith bypotension(CH)on hemodynamies and tissue perfusion and to evaluate the safety of the technique.MethodsForty-eight ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients of both sexes(28 male,20 female)aged 41-63 yr weighing 47-85kg undergoingelective orthopedic operations were randomly divided into 4 group with 12 patients in each group:A control group;B CH group;C AHH group and D CH+AHH group.The patients were premedicated with oral diazepam 10 mgand intramuscular atropine 0.5 mg.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.04 mg?kg~(-1),fentanyl 4?g?kg~(-1),propefol 1.5-2.0 mg?kg~(-1) and vecuronium 0.1 mg?kg~(-1) and maintained with inhalation of 1%-3 % isoflurane and50% N_2O in O_2 supplemented with intermittent i.v.boluses of vecaronium.The patients were mechanicallyventilated after tracheal intubation(V_T=8-10 ml?kg~(-1),RR 12 bpm).Radial artery and right internal jugular veinwere cannulated.The CVP catheter was inserted into right atrium and the blood obtained from right atrium was usedto replace mixed venous blood.ECG,MAP,HR,CVP,SpO_2 and urine output were continuously monitored duringoperation.Controlled hypotension was induced with sodium nitroprusside(NTP)at 0.1-2 ?g?kg~(-1)?min~(-1) andMAP was maintained at 70% of the baseline MAP during operation.NTP infusion was terminated 30 min beforethe end of surgery.AHH was induced with 6% HES 15 ml?kg~(-1) at 50 ml?min~(-1) after induction of anesthesia andbefore skin incision.Blood samples were taken from radial artery and right atrium before AHH(T_0,baseline),immediately after AHH or before CH(T_1),1h after AHH or 40 min after start of CH(T_2),at the end of surgeryor 30 rain after termination of NTG infusion(T_3)and 24h after surgery(T_4)for blood gas analysis and calculationof oxygen extraction ratio(ERO_2).Blood volume was maintained with infusion of colloid and lactated Ringer'ssolution.The amount of blood loss and blood transfusion were recorded.Hb was maintained above 70 g?L~(-1)Results CVP increassd significantly after AHH in group C and D as compared to baseline(P0.05).Conclusion AHH combined with CH can maintain stable hemodynamics,decrease blood loss andblood transfusion during operation and maintain the balance between oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption.

Objective To investigate the incidence and distribution of aberrational karyotype in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and study the significance of the grouping by Southwest Oncology Group/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (SWOG/ECOG) in the prognosis of AML Methods The chromosome was prepared with brief culture of bone marrow, and the karyotype was analysed by G banding technique. All the patients were grouped according to the criterion of SWOG/ECOG, and the survival function of different groups was observed by the Kaplan-Meier method.Results 56 (67.47 %) out of 83 patients had clonal chromosome aberrations. Among those 56 patients, AML with translocation (15;17) and with translocation (8;21) presented in 30 patients(53.57 %), and the other kinds of aberrational karyotypes shared the left proportion. Among the 74 followed-up patients, 42 patients were dead. Among three groups with favorable, intermediate and adverse prognosis respectively, there is a significant difference (P <0.001). The complete remission rate of favorable group is higher than that of both intermediate and adverse (P <0.05). There is no difference between intermediate and adverse groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Cytogenetic aberration is one of the important factors affecting the effect on prognosis. The criterion of SWOG/ECOG can predict prognosis objectively.

Objective To analyze the frequency of NPM1 mutation in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and the relationship between NPM1 mutation and chromosome alterations,as well as FAB subgroups,and to analyze the mutation type.MethodsA total of 99 de novo AML patients from 2004 to 2010 in China-Japan Friendship Hospital were studied.Genomic DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and capillary electrophoresis were used to detect the mutation of NPM1 gene in 99 AML patients,and karyotyping was performed in 72 AML patients by G banding techniques.DNA sequences analysis of NPM1 mutation was performed on 10 patients.Chi-square test was used to compare the frequencies of NPM1 mutation among the different subgroups,and McNemar's test was used to compare the different rates between denaturing PAGE and capillary electrophoresis.ResultsThe frequencies of NPM1 mutations were detected in 15％ (15/99) of AML patients with capillary electrophoresis and 11％ (11/99 ) with denaturing PAGE(x2 =2.25,P ＞0.05 ).The NPM1 was at different rates in M2(27％,8/30),M5(32％,6/19),M6( 13％,1/8),respectively (x2 =1.06,P ＞ 0.05 ),and not detected in the other subgroups.NPM1 mutation in patients with normal karyotype(26％ ) was more prevalent than patients with abnormal karyotype (4％) (x2 =5.61,P ＜ 0.05)All of the 10 patients were of A type ( c.860_863dupTCTG).The C-terminal portion of the NPM protein by replacing the last seven amino acids(WQWRKSL) with 11 residues (CLAVEEVSLRK).Two intronic deletions were novel,one case was IVS10-18_-15delCTTT,the other was IVS10-17_-15delTTT.Conclusions NPM1 mutations represents a common genetic abnormality in AML patients,and NPM1 mutation in patients with normal karyotype is higher than patients with abnormal karyotype.Two new intronic deletion mutations are identified.