Objective To observe the expression of Glu、mGluR 5 and EAAT 1 in bone tissues of ovariectomized osteoporotic rats and the effects of Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD) on it. Methods 45 SPF 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats were randomly divided into sham operation (Sham, n=15) group and ovariectomized (OVX, n=30) group. The osteoporotic(OP) model was established by bilateral ovariectomy, 14 weeks later, we measured bone mineral density(BMD) by dual-energy X-ray and determined that OP model was successfully replicated, OVX group rats were then divided into OVX group (n=15) and OVX+TFRD group (n=15). The OVX+TFRD group was given TFRD for 12 weeks. Glutamate (Glu), metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR 5), and Glutamate/Aspartate Transporter (GLAST/EAAT 1)’s expression of femur was examined in order to clarify the characteristics of bone glutamate signaling pathway and the effects of TFRD on it. Results Glu and ionotropic receptors mGluR 5 mainly distributed in bone marrow cells and osteoblasts closed to the bone marrow cavity walls. There were no significant differences in Glu expression among Sham group, OVX group and OVX+TFRD group. The mGluR 5 expression of OVX+TFRD group was significantly higher than that of Sham group and OVX group(P=0.009), while no significant difference was found between the latter two groups. In addition to large distribution in bone marrow cells, small amount of transporter EAAT 1 was noted to express in bone cells of the bone lacunae. There were no significant differences in EAAT 1 expression among the three groups. Conclusion In bone glutamate signaling pathway, this study demonstrated that TFRD could significantly improve the ionotropic receptor mGluR 5’s expression, but had no inlfuence for Glu and EAAT 1.

Objective To explore the effect of empathy nursing on anxiety,depression and expectation of patients with myocardial infarction.Methods In our study,47 patients with myocardial infarction in the department of cardiology of our hospital from August 2013 to July 2014 were assigned as the control group and another 47 patients with the same disease during August 2014 to July 2015 as the study group.The control group received conventional nursing treatment and the study empathy nursing in addition to the conventional nursing.The two groups were compared in terms of anxiety,depression and expectation using Zung anxiety self rating scale (SAS),depression self rating scale (SDS) and Herth hope index (HHI).Results On admission,the patients in the two groups showed no differences in the levels of anxiety,depression and expectation (P＞0.05).After intervention,the levels of anxiety and depression in the study were significantly lower than those in the control group,but the level of expectation was higher (all P＜0.05).Conclusion Empathy nursing is effective for the relief of anxiety and depression in the patients with myocardial infarction as well as for their enhanced expectation for prognosis.

Objective:To conduct health economic evaluation of Chinese population-based screening and opportunistic testing strategies for the prevention of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori)-related diseases. Methods:The Markov models of H.pylori infection caused non-ulcer dyspepsia, peptic ulcer (PU) and gastric cancer were established. The cost and effects of the population-based screening, opportunistic testing, and non-intervention strategies in 100 000 population of our country were simulation calculated. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistic analysis. Single factor sensitivity analysis was performed to analyze the impact of single parameter uncertainty on cost-effectiveness. Probability sensitivity was used to analyze the impact of common uncertainty of all parameters on cost-effectiveness. Results:Compared with opportunistic testing strategy and non-intervention strategy, the total cost of population-based screening strategy was reduced by 0.43 million yuan(-6.63 million yuan to 7.19 million yuan) and 4.45 million yuan(-8.60 million yuan to 27.93 million yuan), quality adjusted life years (QALY), life years and asmptomatic months were prolonged by 888.00 (479.86 to 1 574.10) and 3 032.78 (1 756.04 to 5 007.84), 651.82 (294.73 to 1 211.94) and 1 868.64 (1 045.88 to 3 148.34), 28 381.91 (19 109.54 to 43 736.72)and 102 537.13 (58 649.18 to 176 868.77) respectively, gastric cancer, deaths from gastric cancer, deaths from PU and deaths from various causes were reduced by 115 cases(52 cases to 232 cases) and 464 cases(266 cases to 803 cases), 74 cases(33 cases to 148 cases) and 260 cases(149 cases to 453 cases), 46 cases(25 cases to 72 cases) and 369 cases(210 cases to 710 cases), 80 cases(42 cases to 126 cases) and 501 cases(331 cases to 772 cases) respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=1.99, 10.54, 27.39, 27.39, 27.37, 27.39, 27.39, 27.39, 27.21, 27.28, 27.22, 27.28, 27.38, 27.39, 27.39 and 27.39, all P<0.05). Compared with the non-intervention strategy, the opportunistic testing strategy reduced the total cost by 3.89 million yuan(-2.79 million yuan to 18.18 million yuan), QALY, life years and asymptomatic months were prolonged by 1 764.77 (888.70 to 3 406.62), 1 044.16 (524.46 to 1 912.75) and 62 568.69 (30 054.07 to 129 892.76) respectively, gastric cancer, deaths from gastric cancer, deaths from PU and deaths from various causes were reduced by 311 cases(164 cases to 563 cases), 164 cases (87 cases to 301 cases), 325 cases(162 cases to 644 cases) and 399 cases(234 cases to 684 cases) respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=14.20, 27.39, 27.38, 27.39, 27.25, 27.25, 27.39 and 27.39, all P<0.01). The results of singlefactor sensitivity analysis showed that the uncertainty of any parameter did not affect the cost-effectiveness of three strategies. The results of probability sensitivity analysis indicated that the probability of cost-effectiveness advantage of the population-based screening strategy was 100% and the common uncertainty of all parameters had no effect on cost-effectiveness. Conclusions:For preventing H.pylori-related diseases, the population-based screening strategy has the lowest average cost and the best average effect. However, non-intervention strategy has the highest average cost and the worst average effect. Population-based screening strategy is worthy of promotion throughout China, and opportunistic testing strategy has a higher clinical practical value.

Objective: To investigate influence of Wenxin particle on cardiac electrophysiology in rats complicated with depression after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: A total of 50 SD rats were randomly and equally divided into normal group, MI group, depression group, MI complicated with depression group (model group) and Wenxin particle group (Wenxin particle were given to model rats by gavage, 2 g/d, 28d). Model（MI complicated with depression）rats were made by acute ligation of left coronary artery and supply chronic unpredictable mild stress in order. The influences of Wenxin particle on cardiac electrophysiological indexes, such as monophasic action potential (MAP90), left ventricular effective refractory period (ERP) and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were evaluated in Wenxin particle group. Results: (1) Compared with normal group, there were significant decrease in behavior scores (P<0.05) in model group, after four-week treatment with Wenxin particle, their behavior scores significantly increased (P<0.01); (2) Compared with normal group, there were significant increase in MAPD90 and ERP, and significant decrease in VFT in model group (P<0.05); compared with model group, there were significant decrease in MAPD90 [(89.33±7.12) ms vs. (72.29±8.37) ms] and ERP [(84.00±6.57) ms vs. (68.00±7.43) ms], and significant increase in VFT [(7±3.11)V vs. (29±5.60)V] in Wenxin particle group, P<0.05. Conclusion: Wenxin particle can improve cardiac electrical remodeling in rats complicated with depression after myocardial infarction, including decrease monophasic action potential duration and effective refractory period, and raise ventricular fibrillation threshold.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of picrodide II on the expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NFkappaB) in brain tissue of rat after cerebral ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury.

METHODSTen rats from 60 adult healthy female Wistar rats received sham-operation were set as the sham-operative group. Established as middle cerebral I/R model (MCAO/R) by thread tying method, the 30 successfully modeled rats were equally randomized into the negative control group, the positive control group and the treatment group. Besides, rats in the treatment group and the positive control group were respectively intervened with picrodide II (10 mg/kg) and salvianic acid A sodium (10 mg/kg) via caudal vein injection before I/R injury, while rats in the sham-operative group and the negative group were injected with equal volume of 0.1 mol/L PBS. Immunohistochemistry stain was used to determine the expressions of TLR4 and NFkappaB, and the apoptotic cells were counted by TUNEL-immunofluorescence assay.

RESULTSIn the sham-operative group, the TLR4 and NFkappaB expressed weakly with few TUNEL positive cells scattering in the cortex, striatum and hippocampus. As compared with the sham-operative group, TLR4 and NFkappaB in the negative control group were significantly higher both in absorption A) value and cell number (P < 0.05). In the treatment group and the positive control group, the expressions of TLR4 and NFkappaB and the number of TUNEL positive cells were significantly lower than those in the negative control group (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was shown between the two treated groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPicroside II could down-regulate the expressions of TLR4 and NFkappaB, and inhibit the inflammatory response induced apoptosis in cerebral I/R injured rats.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cinnamates ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Iridoid Glucosides ; pharmacology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; pathology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism

Objective To study the ultrastructure of the renal papillary Randall's plaque in calclum oxalate stone formers. Methods The 14 biopsy samples of the Randall's plaque in 12 patients with calcium oxalate stone undergoing PCNL for stone removal were obtained using endoscopic biopsy technique,followed by staining with hematoxylin-eosin or fixing with osmium tetroxide,and then the ultrastructure of the Randall's plaque was observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Results In all 12 patients,72 renal papillae were examined.All kidReys were found to have papillary plaque and 7 of the patients had attached stones.Sixty-three papillae(87.5%)contained plaque.Calcium deposition was seen in the 12 renal papilla tissue by light microscopy.Transmission electron microscopy images of the 2 Randall's plaque samples showed several cluster of sharp and large crystals lied closer to the surface of Randall's plaque.The typical crystals were acicular with light profile. Conclusions Randall's plaque is an interstitial medullary and papillary deposit of calcium oxalate.The appearance of the deposition of calcium oxalate crystals lies upon Randall's plaque,which might be an explanation for the mechanism of calcium oxalate stone formation.

OBJECTIVE To study the toxicological effect of matrine (MT) on PC12 cells and the mechanism of mitochondrial damage. METHODS After treatment with MT 2, 4 and 8 mmol·L-1for 8, 16,24 and 48 h,respectively,the viability of PC12 cells was measured with methylthiazolyltetrazolium assay.PC12 cells were treated with MT 2,4 and 8 mmol·L-1for 24 h,before the morphological changes were observed by Hoechst33342 staining. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialde-hyde (MDA) content in cells were detected using hydroxylamine method and thiobarbituric acid method, apoptosis rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of PC12 cells were detected with flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected with JC-1 staining, and the expressions of procaspase 3, procaspase 9, cleaved-caspase 3, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected with Western blotting. RESULTS MT inhibited the growth of PC12 cells in a time-and concentration-dependent manner.After being treated with MT for 24 h,the nuclei of PC12 cells in MT groups showed chromatin agglutination and partial rupture to different degrees,and compared with normal control group,the apoptosis rates of MT 2,4 and 8 mmol·L-1groups were significantly increased(P<0.01).Intracellular ROS and MDA levels increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), SOD activity decreased (P<0.01), and MMP decreased. The expressions of procaspase 9, procaspase 3 and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), the expres-sions of cleaved-caspase 3 and Bax were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly decreased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION MT has toxic effect on PC12 cells and induces apoptosis through ROS mediated mitochondrial pathway.

Age Factors ; Aged ; Bacteremia ; diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; isolation & purification ; Male ; Medical Audit ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; diagnosis ; mortality

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in PC-12 cells, and preliminarily discuss the potential molecular mechanism of mTOR/Akt/FoxO3 signaling pathway.

METHODThe OGD PC-12 cell model was established. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. After the pretreatment with Rg1 with the concentration of 10, 20, 40 micromol x L(-1) for 24 h, the cell viability was observed. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, superoxide dismutase (SOD) ac- tivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were detected by colorimetry assay. mTOR, p-Akt(ser473), p-Akt(tjr308), Akt, p-FoxO3, FoxO3 in cytoplasm and nucleus, and total FoxO3 protein expression were detected by Western blot assay.

RESULTOGD could significantly in- hibit cell proliferation in 4-24 h in a time-dependent manner. After pretreatment for 24 h, Rg1 (20, 40 micromol x L(-1)) could notably elevate the cell viability and SOD viability and reduce the LDH release and MDA content. Besides, Rg1 also inhibited OGD-induced mTOR and p-Akt(ser473) decreases. After treatment for 6 h, OGD could reduce FoxO3 phosphorylation and promote FoxO3 in cytoplasm. This data suggested that Rg1 could protect PC-12 cell injury through mTOR/p-Akt/FoxO3 signaling pathway.

CONCLUSIONGinsenoside Rg1 could attenuate OGD-induced PC-12 cell injury. Its action mechanism may be closely related to activation of mTOR/p-Akt/FoxO3 signaling pathway.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Forkhead Box Protein O3 ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To study the influence and dose effect of ultrasound on the contraction of uterine smooth muscle in rats.Methods Estradiol benzoate was injected into rats three days before conducting an in-vitro experiment.Their uteri were resected and irradiated with ultrasound(0.8 MHz,3 W/cm~2,0-40 rain).The contrac- tion frequency and amplitude were recorded using an MS-302 biological experiment system.Results It could be seen that the contraction frequency and amplitude,and general contractile activity were significantly increased during ultrasonic irradiation(P＜0.01).The increased contraction frequency and amplitude lasted for ten minutes,and then the normal contraction pattern resumed.The contraction frequency as well as the percentage change in eontraction fre- quency were highest during the first 15 minutes of ultrasonic irradiation;the contraction amplitude as well as the per- centage change in amplitude were highest during 40 minutes of ultrasonic irradiation.Contraction activity was at its highest for 30 minutes,but the percentage change in activity was highest for 20 minutes.Conclusions Ultrasound can induce uterine smooth muscle contraction in rats.This biological effect is related to the irradiation time.