Adolescent ; Depression ; complications ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Tourette Syndrome ; complications ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To study changes in expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA in the kidney and spleen of dead rats and its application in deducing the postmortem intervals (PMI), so as to look for a new method for PMI deduction. Method 28 rats were killed by cervical dislocation, placed in a chamber with temperature-controlling system at 20℃ for 0 to 48h postmortem, and autopsied at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48h respectively (n=4 for each time point). The expression of GAPDH mRNA in kidney and spleen was assessed with fluorescence semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results The amplified products of GAPDH mRNA could be detected in kidney within 40h and in spleen within 32h postmortem respectively, and they showed a decreasing tendency as its fluorescence intensity declined gradually and lost at last. Conclusion Detection of GAPDH mRNA expression in kidney and spleen of rats at different periods after death by fluorescence semi-quantitative RT-PCR seems to be of some value for estimation of PMI.

Objective To evaluate the reproducibility of normal liver ADC measurements by different respiratory motion compensation techniques. Methods A total of 31 young healthy volunteers who are 20 to 40 years old without any hepatic diseases were selected to research. Each volunteer underwent liver DWI twice in 24 hours with the same parameters and location. The imaging was performed with free-breath(FB), breathhold(BH), rspiratory-triggered(RT)and navigator-triggered(NT)techniques, and the ADC values of the left hepatic lobe and right hepatic lobe (upper, middle and lower) was acquired with two scans. Analysis the the ADC values of various anatomic locations of liver with two-way analysis of variance of randomized block design. Reproducibility of ADCs was assessed with the Bland-Altman method. Analysis of variance and paired-sample t test was used to assess ADCs from both right and left liver lobe among the four techniques. Result The ADC values acquired from the four techniques were significant differences (P<0.01),and the ADC values of the right lobe were less than the left lobe's(P<0.01). It showed a trend to decrease moving from superior to inferior levels in both left and right lobes, and the ADC values among The middle and lower were significant differences (P<0.01). The limit of agreement of ADC of twice imaging among the four techniques were as follow: the right lobe was less than the left lobes, and the breathhold was less the others. As the result, reproducibility in the right liver lobe was better to that in the left and the reproducibility with breathhold was better than the other respiratory motion compensation techniques. Conclusions Both anatomic location and DWI technique influence the liver ADC measurements and their reproducibility. The reproducibility of BH is the best.

Objective We studied the clinical features and its significance of coal worker's pneumoconiosis combined with sleep apnea Methods In 40 patients with coal worker's pneumoconiosis combined with sleep apnea hospitalized from February 2006 to December 2009, polysomnography ( PSG) , blood routine, urine routine, blood pressure and biochemical indicators were measured and analyzed. Results Patients with coal worker' s pneumoconiosis combined with sleep apnea manifested mainly as duplicate hypoxemia and multi-organ dysfunction: high blood pressure, dysfunction of heart, lung and kidney, increase of serum glucose, blood lipids, blood uric acid and finally led a vicious cycle to aggravate the above mentioned damage. Conclusions In clinical, multiple-organ dysfunction resulted from severe hypoxemia and hypercapnia caused by coal worker's pneumoconiosis combined with sleep apnea, should be fully aware and give ational and effective treatment early to reverse or delay the further function damages of multiple organs, and therefore significantly improve the prognosis.

Intracranial branch atheromatous disease (BAD) was proposed by Caplan in 1989.It has been widely studied in Japan in recent years.With the application of high-resolution magnetic resonance,BAD has become a hot topic.This article reviews the concept,etiology,pathology,diagnosis and treatment of BAD as well as its relationship with ischemic stroke.

Objective To observe the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) combined with zoledronic acid in treatment of spinal metastatic carcinoma.Methods Fifty cases of spinal metastatic carcinoma were divided into control group and treatment group by random digits table method with 25 cases each.The control group was given zoledronic acid 4 mg,intervals of 28 d intravenous drip 1 time.The treatment group was given PVP besides zoledronic acid.The visual analog scale score,activity ability score and analgesic usage score after treatment for 3 months were observed and compared.The quality of life was evaluated and the occurrence of relapse of fracture was also recorded.Results After treatment for 3 months,the visual analog scale score,activity ability score and analgesic usage score were (2.00 ± 0.17),(2.12 ± 1.38),(1.47 ± 0.10) scores in treatment group,and (7.84 ± 0.18),(3.21 ± 0.13),(3.30 ± 0.09) scores in control group,and there were significant differences between two groups (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).The occurrence of relapse of fracture was 2 cases (8％,2/25) in treatment group and 9 cases (36％,9/25) in control group,and there was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions PVP combined with zoledronic acid in treatment of spinal metastatic carcinoma has many advantages such as small incision,short surgery time and rapid relief from pain.It can obviously improve the quality of life,and it is worthy of spreading in the clinic.

Student as standard patient(SSP) was defined as student receiving relative medical training,who was willing to act as a human analogue as a patient and could be used as not only a patient but also a teacher in clinic practice.The results indicates that the using of SSP in the clinical teaching of endocrinology could promote the students'level in practice and in the meanwhile,it could be useful to testing the learning result.

Child, Preschool ; Coronary Aneurysm ; etiology ; pathology ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications ; pathology

The ginsenoside-Ro is sensitive to be hydrolyzed in an alkaline medium. This paper investigated the hydrolysis kinetics of ginsenoside-Ro under different pH and temperature values. The results showed ginsenoside-Ro in alkaline solution followed pseudo-first-order reaction. Hydrolysis kinetics of ginsenoside-Ro has not been reported previously. The hydrolysis rate was independent of initial concentration. On the basis of UFLC-MS/MS, NMR, as well as chemical evidence,the structure of hydrolyzate was assigned as 3-O- [beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl- (1 --> 2) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl] -oleanolic acid.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Kinetics ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To observe the effect of inducible costimulator(ICOS) costimulation pathway blockade in rat limb allografts acute rejection by RNA interference. Methods Twenty-seven cases of modified hind llmb allotransplantation were performed from Wistar to SD rats. The rats were divided into 3 gronps(each n=9): the rejection group not given a special disposal; the control group, consisting of SD rats that received injection of pSilencer 4.1 and Sofast complex by vein post transplantation; and the interference group that received injection of pSilencer 4.1-ICOSshRNA and Sofast complex. On the eighth day posttransplantation, 3 rats were killed to study the pathological changes in each group. The expressions of ICOS gene in vivo were detected by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was performed and eytokines in blood were measured by ELISA. The rest rats were used to record limb survival time. Results The mean survival time in rats of the rejection and the control groups were(11.34±1.21) and (11.14±1.32) days respectively. In the interference group, the mean survival time of limb allografts was (16.85±1.73) days(P<0.05). The rats in the rejection and the control groups experienced moderate to serious acute rejections with skin epidermal necrosis, a large quantity of lymphocyte infdtration, muscle cell necrosis and interstitial edema, while the pathological changes in rats of the interference group were mild. The splenocyte ICOS mRNA expression level in the interference group(18.75%) was significantly lower than that of the rejection group(100%) and the control group(98.51%). ICOS cell surface expression level as judged by the fluorescence intensity was 45.59±12.87 in the interference group, 103.72±21.76 in the rejection group, and 93.47±29.55 in the control group(F=6.89, P<0.05). In stimulation assays, a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction stimulation index(SI), with spleen cells from Wistar and Lewis rats, respectively, the rejection group (5.26±0.42,5.18±0.29) and the control group (5.37±0.27,4.93±0.44) had significantly greater reactions than the interference group(2.37±0.35, 4.87±0.36), respectivily(F=7.29, P<0.05; F=6.19, P0.05). In the IFN-γ and IL-4 expression assays, reactions of the interference group (230.17±38.47,160.32±59.13) were lower than those of the rejection group(490.73±51.48,230.67±45.21) and the control group(480.15±43.96, 240.53± 47.36), (F=7.23,6.75, all P<0.01). Conclusions In vivo transfection of pSilencer 4.1-ICOS shRNA interference plasmid can effectively block T-cell co-stimulation pathway, suppress acute rejection, and prolong limb allografts survival.