Carcinoma in Situ ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Cystectomy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; methods ; Urinary Bladder ; pathology ; surgery ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery

Aged ; Catheter Ablation ; adverse effects ; Heart Injuries ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo assess the clinical effectiveness of volar and radial column approach by plate fixation for the treat- ment of unstable fracture of distal radius.

METHODSAccording to Cochrane Systematic Review, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Li- brary, CNKI and CBM, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of volar and radial column approach by plate fixation for the treat- ment of unstable fracture of distal radius were searched for from 1966 to 2014. Data analysis was performed with the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.0 software.

RESULTSTotally 391 patients of 6 RCTs and 2 retrospective cohort studys were included and divided into volar plate group (187 cases) and radial column plate group (204 cases). Meta-analysis result showed: compared with radial column plate group, volar plate group had significant difference in recovery of wrist function [SMD = 0.74, 95% CI (0.47, 1.01), P < 0.00001], Gartland-Werley scores [SMD = -1.39, 95% CI (-2.24, -0.53), P = 0.001], postoperative neural in- jury [OR = 3.67, 95% CI (1.37, 9.84), P = 0.01 1 and postoperative wrist pain [OR = 0.32, 95% CI (0.13, 0.74), P = 0.008]. But no significant difference was identified in DASH scores [SMD = -0.36, 95% CI (-0.97, 0.26), P = 0.25], radiographic result assess- ment [SMD = -0.18, 95% CI (-0.53, 0.16), P = 0.3], postoperative grip strength [SMD = 0.71, 95% CI (-0.12, 1.54),P = 0.09], postoperative tendinous damage [OR = 0.31, 95% CI (0.10, 0.98), P = 0.05] and carpal tunnel syndrome [OR = 0.96, 95% CI (0.63, 1.48), P = 0.87].

CONCLUSIONCompared with radial column plate internal fixation, volar approach plate fixation for treat- ment of distal radius intra-articular fracture has advantage of recovery of joint functionand. However, the volar approach plate fix- ation was associated with a higher risk of long-term complications than the radial column approach plate fixation.

Child, Preschool ; Coronary Aneurysm ; etiology ; pathology ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; complications ; pathology

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspases ; metabolism ; physiology ; Enzyme Activation ; Fas Ligand Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; therapy ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Animals ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Fibrosis ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Tubules ; cytology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ureteral Obstruction ; pathology

Objective:To explore the association of the total gestational weight gain (GWG) and GWG in different trimesters with adverse pregnancy outcomes during the second pregnancy in women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:This retrospective cohort study recruited 441 singleton pregnant women with a history of GDM who gave birth at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2017 to December 2018 as the GDM history group. Another 1 637 singleton pregnant women without a history of GDM who gave birth at the same period were selected through the mechanical sampling method as the control group. Independent sample t-test and Chi-square test were used to compare the differences in general conditions, GWG and perinatal outcomes between the two groups. Based on the Institute of Medicine guidelines for GWG, the subjects were further divided into three subgroups: inadequate GWG, adequate GWG and excessive GWG groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to compare the pregnancy outcome in women with the same GWG in different periods of pregnancy between the two groups. Results:(1) Women with GDM history had lower GWG before and after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the whole pregnancy than those without [(6.3±3.3) vs (7.9±3.7) kg, (4.8±2.6) vs (5.6± 2.6) kg, (11.8±4.6) vs (14.4± 4.6) kg; t=8.074, 5.183, 10.277; all P<0.001]. The incidence of GDM, gestational hypertension, and large for gestational age (LGA) in the GDM history group were higher than those in the control group [46.5% (205/441) vs 18.1% (296/1 637), 8.4% (37/441) vs 5.4% (88/1 637), 12.9% (57/441) vs 9.7% (158/1 637); χ2=153.181, 5.583, 4.013; all P<0.05]. (2) Before OGTT: pregnant women with GDM history of different GWG categories had a higher risk of developing GDM [ OR and 95% CI for inadequate, adequate and excessive GWG were 4.02 (2.35-6.88), 3.92 (2.65-5.79) and 3.33 (2.11-5.25), respectively, all P<0.001]. Except for women with inadequate GWG, pregnancy with a history of GDM also had a higher risk of preeclampsia [ OR and 95% CI were 3.62 (1.47-9.23) and 2.22 (1.07-5.57) for adequate and excessive GWG, respectively, both P<0.05]. After OGTT: pregnant women with GDM history of different GWG categories had a higher risk of developing GDM [ OR and 95% CI for inadequate, adequate and excessive GWG were 2.48 (1.60-3.84), 4.63 (2.92-7.35) and 4.22 (2.73-6.51), respectively, all P<0.001]. Pregnant women with a history of GDM with excessive GWG had an increased risk of preeclampsia ( OR=2.46, 95% CI: 1.10-5.51, P<0.05). During pregnancy: pregnant women with GDM history of different GWG categories had a higher risk of developing GDM [ OR and 95% CI were 3.02(2.00-4.59), 4.08(2.76-6.04) and 2.66(1.54-4.59) for inadequate, adequate and excessive GWG, respectively, all P<0.001]. Women with GDM history had an increased risk of large for gestational age (LGA) in those with inadequate GWG and postpartum hemorrhage in those with excessive GWG [ OR and 95% CI were 1.94 (1.09-4.21) and 2.93 (1.31-6.55), respectively, both P<0.05]. Conclusions:The total GWG and GWG in different periods during the second pregnancy in women with a history of GDM are lower than those without, but with a higher risk of adverse outcomes. Even in women with the same range of GWG, GDM history still increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective To study the transduction efficiency of expressing human neprilysin by using a lentiviral vector (Lenti-NEP) in mouse embryonic neural stem cells (NSC) in vitro.Methods Primary NSC were harvested from C57BL/6J pregnant mouse at embryonic day 11.5 and transducted with LentiNEP.Immunofluorescent stainingand Western blot were performed to detect NEP protein expression in NSC.Degradation of amyloid beta 1-40 (Aβ1-40) by NEP protein transduced with Lenti-NEP in NSC was analyzed using ELISA and HPLC.Results Over 90％ NSC were successfully transduced with Lenti-NEP via observation of fused protein green fluorescent protein under the microscopy.Expressions of NEP transduced with Lenti-NEP in NSC and of the markers of NSC (nestin) and neuron (MAP2).The enzyme activity of 2.5 μg (21.00 ± 2.51) and 1.0 μg (15.00 ± 0.54) NEP on degrading Aβ1-40 was shown to improve significantly compared to 0.5 μg NEP(8.00 ±0.81,t =40.4 and 12.7,respectively,both P ＜0.01).The activity of NEP was inhibited in the presence of 50 μmol/L phosphoramidon (0.5 pg:0.08 ±0.01 ;1.0 μg:0.04 ±0.01 ;2.5 μg:0.05 ±0.01,t =17.2,51.3 and 14.1,respectively,all P ＜0.01).The hydrolytic cleavage on degrading Aβ1-40 by NEP was 11.4％,28.4％ and 93.7％ with incubation for 1 h,4 h and 12 h,respectively.Conclusions Lentiviral vector successfully delivers NEP gene to NSC in vitro.Targeting on NEP and NSC may provide potential therapeutic tool for Alzheimer' s disease.

Objective To explore the cognitive status of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, and to explore the involved cognitive domains, subtypes and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment in ALS ( ALS-MCI).Methods Twenty-nine cases of ALS and 58 healthy volunteers were included.The severity of the bulbar and spinal functions of the patients was evaluated by the Improved Norris Scale.According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition-Revised( DSM-Ⅳ-R) criteria of dementia, ALS cases were classified as demented and non-demented.For non-demented ALS cases, the common cognitive batteries evaluating mental state, verbal memory, executive, attentional and visuospatial abilities were performed.Hamilton Anxiety Scale ( HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were evaluated too.They were further classified into ALS-cognitively normal (ALS-CogNL) and ALS-MCI groups according to Petersen criteria of MCI.Risk factors possibly correlated with ALS-MCI were analyzed by comparing the differences in age, age of onset, duration of the disease, sites of onset, symptoms of bulbar and limb function between ALS-CogNL and ALS-MCI groups.Results Among 29 ALS cases, 14 (48.3% ) cases with cognitively normal( ALS-CogNL), 15 cases (51.7% ) with ALS-MCI,and none with dementia were identified.Among 15 ALS-MCI cases, 12 cases with executive dysfunction, 8 cases with memory deficits,9 cases with attention impairment and none with visuospatial impairment were found.ALSMCI cases could be further classified into three subtypes; 1 case with amnestic MCI (aMCI) ,6 cases with single domain non-memory MCI ( sdMCI), and 8 cases with multiple domains slightly impaired MCI (mdMCI).Between ALS-MCI and ALS-CogNL groups, there were significant differences (t = -2.435,- 2.576, both P ＜ 0.05) in education ((8.7 ± 2.8) years vs (11.3 ± 3.0) years) and Improved Norrisscale (bulbar score: (28.4 ± 7.7) scores vs ( 34.0 ± 3.4) scores) , however, no significant differences in sex, age, age of onset, duration,site of onset,HAMA or HAMD scores,and Improved Norris scale( spinal score) were found.Conclusions Cognitive deficits commonly exist in ALS patients.For the involved domains, executive dysfunction is the most common, deficits of attention and memory are also common, and deficit in visuospatial function is not found.The most common subtype of ALS-MCI is mdMCI.Severe bulbar symptoms and lower education may be the risk factors of ALS-MCI.

To study the chemical constituents of Bauhinia glauca subsp. pernervosa, eleven phenolic acids were isolated from a 95% ethanol extract by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, ODS, MCI, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. By spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS, these compounds were identified as isopropyl O-beta-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside (1), ethyl O-beta-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside (2), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl-(6'-O-galloyl)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), gallic acid (5), methyl gallate (6), ethyl gallate (7), protocatechuic acid (8), 3, 5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (9), erigeside C (10) and glucosyringic acid (11). Among them, compound 1 is a new polyhydroxyl compound; compounds 2, 10, and 11 were isolated from the genus Bauhinia for the first time, and the other compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time. Compounds 6 and 8 showed significant protein tyrosine phosphatase1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity in vitro with the IC50 values of 72.3 and 54.1 micromol x L(-1), respectively.