OBJECTIVE:To determine the content of glycyrrhetic acid in zhenkening capsules by RP-HPLC.METHODS:The separation was performed on Hypersil C 18,the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water-glacial acetic acid(87∶13∶2.5)with flow rate at 1.0ml/min and detection wavelength at 254nm,the column temperature was set at room temperature.RE-SULTS:The calibration cure of glycyrrhetic acide was linear in the concentration range of 10～120?g/ml(r=0.9999),the average recovery was 99.68%(RSD=0.49%).CONCLUSION:This method is simple,fast,accurate,and suitable for the determination of glycyrrhetic acid in zhenkening capsules.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of modified tracheal catheter in acute respiratory failure caused by central airway stenosis.Methods 16 cases inpatient with acute respiratory failure caused by central airway stenosis were involved.Found out the position and range of stenosis of central airway by X-ray and CT of chest and fiberbronchoscope,chose the suitable silicon suction tube and cut it to make a tracheal catheter,then guided the catheter through the stenosis by fiberbronchoscope to construct artificial airway.Results The dyspnea of all 16 cases of acute respiratory failure caused by central airway stenosis could by relieved in short time,the PaO_2 raised from(39?12)mm Hg to(72?10)mm Hg,SaO_2 raised from(75?13)% to(93?3)%,PaCO_2 dropped from(102?21)mm Hg to(62?13)mm Hg after therapy.The effective rate is 100%.There was no other serious complication except for 2 cases of little amount of bleeding in trachea.15 cases survived and one died of serious muhisystem organ failure.Conclusions The use of modified tracheal catheter in treatment of acute respiratory failure caused by central airway stenosis can relieve the acute dyspnea in short time,it also can dilate central airway,save the cost of tracheal balloon dilatation for the follow-up therapy.

Objective In the previous study completed in Korea, early three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy concurrent with chemotherapy in rectal cancer after radical surgery demonstrated a better prognosis compared with late radiotherapy. However, with the report of MOSAIC trial, the adjuvant chemotherapy regimen had transferred from 5-Fu alone to combined 5-Fu and Oxaliplatin. We need more evidence to clarify the best radiotherapy timing during the whole period of adjuvant therapy . Methods Patients who met the following criteria were accrued in this study: 18-70 years old, lower anterior resection,pathologically proven rectal adenocarcinoma, stage T3-4 and/or N+, no evidence of distant metastases and KPS≥70. Three dimensional conformal Radiotherapy was started at the fourth week after surgery, which included 45 Gy whole pelvic radiation following by 6-10 Gy tumor bed boost. Oxaliplatin of 50 mg/m2 weekly and Xeloda 625 mg/m2 twice a day, every week from d1-5 were used concurrent with radiotherapy.Toxicity was evaluated and graded by common toxicity critera version 3. 0. The study was designed as Simon two-phase design, in the first phase, a total of 15 patients were accrued, and if more than or equal to 9 patients had grade 3 toxicity, we had 85% power to confirm the toxicity caused by early radiotherapy more than 50%. Otherwise, another 15 patients of the second phase were accrued, we would have 85% power to confirm the high toxicity of more than 50% if 18 out of 30 patients had grade 3 toxicity. Results From July 2008 to December 2008, 15 patients were treated with early radiotherapy concurrent with combined chemotherapy, Grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicity occurred in 12 patients and Grade 3 hematologic toxicity occurred in 2 patients. According to Simon design, we had 85% power to confirm the toxicity caused by early radiotherapy more than 50%. Conclusions For locally advanced rectal cancer patients, whole pelvic radiotherapy concurrent with oxaliplatin and xeloda had severe toxicities. Further studies are needed to decrease toxieities.

OBJECTIVETo explore selection and efficacy assessment for membranous urethral trauma caused by pelvic fracture.

METHODSFrom June 2000 to August 2010, 72 patients with membranous urethral trauma caused by pelvic fracture were selected. There were 46 males and 26 females,ranging age from 26 to 62 years (averaged 35.2 years). The time from injury to hospitalization time was 1 to 3 hours. According to Tile pelvic fracture classification, there were 8 patients with type A, 45 patients with type B, 19 patients with type C. Thirty of the 35 patients with partial rupture of posterior urethral were treated by catheterization,5 patients treated by rupture anastomosis on the stage I combined with cystostomy; 25 of the 37 patients with complete rupture of posterior urethra were treated by early realignment, and 12 patients were treated by cystostomy. Urinary incontinence, impotence and urethrostenosis were evaluated.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 5 to 10 years (mean 7.7 years). Incidence of urethrostenosis, impotence and urinary incontinence in patients treated by cystostomy were significantly higher than rupture anastomosis on the stage I and early realignment (P < 0.05); while incidence in patients treated by catheterization was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONFor patients with partial rupture of posterior urethral, catheterization and rupture anastomosis on the stage I are preferred methods; while patients with complete rupture of posterior urethra, early realignment is a preferred method with advantages of simple operation and less complications.

Adult ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Bones ; injuries ; Retrospective Studies ; Urethra ; injuries ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) protein and mRNA in bile duct carcinomas and the adjacent tissues and to elucidate its role in bile duct carcinogenesis.

METHODSThe expression of hTERT protein and hTERT mRNA in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of 71 cases of bile duct cancers and 39 cases of adjacent tissues was detected by streptavidin-peroxidase immunostaining and in situ hybridization. The correlation was analysed statistically between the expression of hTERT protein and mRNA and clinicopathological parameters bile duct carcinomas.

RESULTSThe positive rate of hTERT protein expression and mRNA expression in malignant specimens was 78.9% (56/71) and 67.6% (48/71), while that in the adjacent tissues was 35.9% (14/39) and 23.1% (9/39), respectively. All the positive signals were found in the hyperplastic biliary epithelia. No significant correlation was established between hTERT expression and clinicopathological parameters.

CONCLUSIONhTERT gene transcription and protein expression is most likely involved in the proliferation and malignant transformation of bile epithelia and the malignant progression of bile duct carcinomas. The detection of hTERT expression may serve elucidating the carcinogenesis of bile duct.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Telomerase ; analysis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Shenfu injection (SF) in postoperative recovery after abdominal surgery.

METHOD150 patients were randomly divided into control group (75) and SF group (75). The efficacy were evaluated with the time of passage of gas by anus, information of wound healing, blood routine, blood coagulaton function, liver function. Changes recovery factor, immune index and hemorheological index were detected too.

RESULTThe time of passage of gas by anus in SF group was significantly shorter than that in control group. Blood routine, blood coagulaton function, liver function showed no significant difference in the two group of preoperative and postoperative. Whole blood viscosity, blood reduced viscosity and plasma fibrinogen viscosity in SF group were significantly lower than that in control group after operation. IgG and IgA in SF group was significantly higher than that in control group after operation. IgG and CD4+/CD8+ in control group was significantly higher after operation than that in before operation. Among tissue damage plerosis correlation factor, the blood levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in SF group and control group is significantly lower than that in preoperation (P < 0.05), SOD in SF group was significantly higher than that in control group after operation. The blood levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in SF group and control group is significantly higher than that in preoperation (P < 0.05). MDA in SF group was significantly lower than that in control group after operation. Whole blood viscosity, blood reduced viscosity and plasma fibrinogen viscosity in control group after operation were significantly higher than that before operation.

CONCLUSIONSF can stimulate the immune system and reduce the blood viscosity. It is contribute to the patients' rehabilitation.

Aconitum ; chemistry ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; blood ; Blood Viscosity ; drug effects ; Cholecystectomy ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Panax ; chemistry ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Postoperative Care ; Recovery of Function ; drug effects ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

OBJECTIVETo test 25# and 27# ultramicroporous expanded polytetrafluo-roethylene mitral valve (UPMV) under pulsatile flow condition in vitro.

METHODSSix 25# and six 27#UPMV were tested using TH-1200 HV Prosthesis Pulsatile Flow Tester in vitro at the cycling rate of 70 cycle/min, with the systolic pressure maintained at about 16 kPa (120 mmHg), diastolic pressure at 10.7 kPa (80 mmHg), and the percentage of mean forward flow at 35%. The stimulant cardiac output was maintained at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 L/min, respectively, for the testing.

RESULTSThe mean pressure difference for the 25#UPMV under stimulant cardiac output of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 L/min was 2.488-/+0.378, 4.427-/+0.240, 5.460-/+0.449, 6.776-/+0.391 and 8.327-/+0.490 mmHg, and its effective valvular orifice was 1.430-/+0.333, 1.993-/+0.208, 2.260-/+0.477, 3.204-/+0.174 and 3.652-/+0.158 cm(2), respectively. The regurgitant fraction of the 25#UPMV under each stimulant cardiac output was (5.731-/+0.643) %, (5.431-/+0.312) %, (5.059-/+0.708) %, (3.545-/+0.097) % and (2.615-/+0.125) %, respectively. The mean pressure difference of the 27#UPMV under each stimulant cardiac output was 1.618-/+0.497, 3.448-/+0.440, 4.825-/+0.434, 5.494-/+0.446 and 7.482-/+0.455 mmHg, effective valvular orifice was 1.773-/+0.364, 2.113-/+0.305, 2.409-/+0.295, 3.326-/+0.417 and 4.522-/+0.445 cm(2), and regurgitant fraction was (5.357-/+0.509) %, (5.407-/+0.110) %, (4.999-/+0.182) %, (4.010-/+0.254) % and (2.584-/+0.114)%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe mean pressure difference, effective valvular orifice and regurgitant fraction of the UPMVs can measure up to the national criteria for artificial heart valve prosthesis of China.

Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Cardiac Output ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; standards ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Heart-Assist Devices ; standards ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; methods ; Mitral Valve ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; chemistry ; Porosity ; Pulsatile Flow

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression of HBV X gene (HBx mRNA) in extrahepatic biliary tract carcinomas and the adjacent non-cancerous tissues, and to analyzed the relationship between HBV infection and incidence of biliary tract carcinomas, thereby to elucidate the possible role of HBx in the carcinogenesis of biliary tract.

METHODSThe plasmid pSPX46 was digested by appropriate restriction enzyme. HBx fragment was obtained through gel extraction kit. The digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes for HBx mRNA were prepared by a random prime technique. The expression of HBx mRNA was detected in formalin-fixed- paraffin-embedded specimens from 71 cases of biliary tract carcinomas and 39 specimens of non-cancerous tissues adjacent to cancer by in situ hybridization. The correlations between HBx mRNA expression and clinicopathological parameters were statistically analysed in 71 cases of biliary duct carcinomas.

RESULTSForty-three of 71 malignant specimens had detectable HBx mRNA expression with a positive rate being 61%. Only 7 of 39 specimens of non-cancerous tissues adjacent to cancer had weak HBx mRNA expression, with a positive rate being 18%, and all these positive signals were found in the hyperplastic biliary epithelium. No significant correlation was found between HBx mRNA expression and clinicopathological parameters, but a strong positive correlation was found between HBx mRNA and protein expression.

CONCLUSIONThere is a high frequency of HBx mRNA expression in extrahepatic biliary tract carcinomas. HBV infection and its gene integration might play a role to certain extent in the development of biliary tract carcinomas.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Base Sequence ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; pathology ; Biliary Tract Neoplasms ; complications ; virology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Trans-Activators ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study cell membrane phospholipid variation and protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzyme expression and their effects on hepatic metastasis of large intestinal carcinoma.

METHODSHigh function liquid chromatography was used to separate and detect cell membrane phospholipids of phosphatidylinosital (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) in primary foci, paratumor intestine mucosa and hepatic metastasis of large intestinal carcinomas. And mRNA expression levels of PKC-alpha, -beta II, -delta, -epsilon, -lambda, -zeta isoenzymes were detected using QRT-PCR technique.

RESULTSFifty-eight cases of colorectal cancer were examined.

CONTENTSof PI, PC and PE in primary foci and hepatic metastasis were higher than those in paratumor mucosa. PE content in hepatic metastasis was much higher than that in primary foci (t = 98.88, P < 0.01). But PI and PC contents had no significant differences between primary and hepatic metastasis (t = 1.73, 1.36, P > 0.05). PKC-beta II, -delta, -epsilon, -lambda, -zeta expression were enhanced in primary foci and hepatic metastasis, but PKC-alpha level decreased in comparison with paratumor mucosa. And PKC-delta, -epsilon, -lambda, -zeta levels in hepatic metastasis were higher than those in primary foci (t = 4.31, P < 0.05). PI and PC had positive correlations with PKC-beta II expression. PE had positive correlations with PKC-delta, -epsilon, -lambda, -zeta, but a negative correlation with PKC-alpha.

CONCLUSIONSThe increases of PI and PC and PKC-alpha/PKC-beta II ratio change are related with colorectal cancer genesis. High content of PE and enhanced expression of PKC-delta, -epsilon, -lambda, -zeta isoenzymes and decreased PKC-alpha level improved hepatic metastasis of large intestinal carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Isoenzymes ; genetics ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; Male ; Membrane Lipids ; analysis ; Middle Aged ; Phosphatidylcholines ; analysis ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; analysis ; Phosphatidylinositols ; analysis ; Phosphatidylserines ; analysis ; Protein Kinase C ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of Bid protein in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) associated apoptotic pathway.

METHODSApoptosis of MUTZ-1 cells induced by homoharringtonine (HHT) was measured by FACS. Mitochondria and ER associated apoptotic pathway was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. And the translocation of Bid protein was measured by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM).

RESULTSAfter exposure of MUTZ-1 to HHT at 0.05 microg/ml for 24 h, typical ER-stress phenomenon induced apoptotic cells and release of Ca2+ from the cytosolic Ca2+ storage and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were observed. RT-PCR analysis revealed that mRNAs for ER stress-associated proapoptotic factor were markedly increased at 4 h after 0.05 microg/ml HHT treatment and peaked at 12 h, then decreased steady. Activation of caspase protein was also observed at 8 h. The translocation of Bid protein from ER to mitochondria was observed at 12 h after HHT treatment.

CONCLUSIONHHT can induce MUTZ-1 cells apoptosis. The cell death may be likely mediated by the ER stress pathway as well as mitochondrial pathway and Bid protein may be the cross talk of the two apoptotic pathways.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; physiology ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein ; metabolism ; physiology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspases, Initiator ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; metabolism ; physiology ; Harringtonines ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; metabolism ; physiology ; Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism