Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) poses serious health problems in Southern China and yet the molecular mechanism of the carcinogenesis remains unclear. We used modern proteomic technologies to compare the protein expression profiles between the NPC cell lines (HNE1 and CNE1 ) and an immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP69 to identify cancer related proteins. Cell lysates were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2 DE ) and analyzed by PDQuest software. The differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS). We discovered 15 up-regulated proteins and 18 down-regulated proteins in both HNE1 and CNE1 cell lines compared with NP69. These proteins are correlative with various functions, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, cancer metastasis, metabolism, cytoskeleton and signal transduction. Western blotting analyses were further carried out to verify the differential expression of individual proteins. Several identified proteins in our research might be used as potential molecular markers to understand the molecular mechanism of NPC development and metastasis, and might be used as candidate targets for NPC treatments.

Atomic force microscopy is a powerful new tool to investigate the structure and measure the relationship between structure of surfaces and functions in microorganisms. Comparing with conventional electron microscope, atomic force microscope has higher resolution and can image real-time structures from atomic to molecular scale in three-dimensional mode under physiological condition. Therefore, atomic force microscope is being used in almost every aspect of microbiology and has gotten many exciting findings.

This study was designed to measure the performance of county health systems in central and western China utilizing routine healthcare data. Drawing on a literature review and expert consultation, the study established a theoretical framework and an indicator system for performance review. Questionnaires were designed and disseminated to collect empirical data on health system performance in four counties of two central and western provinces. Quantitative data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis through SPSS12.0. Three dimensions were introduced in the performance review framework-health outcomes, financial risk protection and consumer and provider satisfaction. Health outcomes were assessed from four secondary indicators: infant mortality rate; maternal mortality rate; under-5 child mortality rate; and the incidence of Class A and Class B notifiable diseases. Financial risk was assessed using two secondary indicators: the proportion of the cost of inpatient care that was reimbursed under the New Cooperative Medical System (NCMS) insurance scheme, and the rate of NCMS funds utilization. The assessment of satisfaction was made using two secondary indicators: the overall satisfaction of local residents with healthcare services, and the satisfaction of health practitioners at the township and village level. The study indicated better health system performance in the two counties in Chongqing than those in Shanxi. It was concluded that outcome framework scores can fairly reveal performance differences among county health systems in central and western China, and can provide practical evidence for optimizing the operation and inputs of county health systems. Caution needs to be exercised in generalizing such performance outcomes as many factors such as spending and organization that contribute to county health system performance were not included in the study.

Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Publishing ; standards ; Quality Control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; standards

Objective To-identify the factors associated with radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) and to describe the probability of RILD using the Lyman normal tissue complication(NTCP) model for primary liver carcinoma(PLC) treated with hypofractionated conformal therapy (CRT).Methods A total of 109 PLC patients treated with hypofractionated CRT were prospectively followed according to the Child-Pugh classification for liver cirrhosis,93 patients in class A and 16 in class B.The mean dose of radi- ation to the isocenter was (53.5?5.5) Gy,fractions of (4.8?0.5) Gy,with interfraction interval of 48 hours and irradiation 3 times per week.Maximal likelihood analysis yielded the best estimates of parameters of the Lyman NTCP model for all patients;Child-Pugh A and Child-Pugh B patients,respectively.Results Of all the patients,17 developed RILD (17/109),8 in Child-Pugh A(8/93 ) and 9 in Child-Pugh B(9/ 16).By multivariate analysis,only the Child-Pugh Grade of liver cirrhosis was the independent factor (P= 0.000) associated with the developing of RILD.The best estimates of the NTCP parameters for all 109 pa- tients were n=1.1,m=0.35 and TD_(50) (1)=38.5 Gy.The n,m,TD_(50) (1) estimated from patients with Child-Pugh A was 1.1,0.28,40.5 Gy,respectively,compared with 0.7,0.43,23 Gy respectively,for patients with Child-Pugh B.Conclusions Primary liver cancer patients who possess Child-Pugh B cirrho- sis would present a significantly greater susceptibility to RILD after hypofractionated CRT than patients with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis.The predominant risk factor for developing RILD is the severity of hepatic cirrhosis in the liver of PLC patients.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of the superficial venous trunk (SVT) and its nourishing vessels on early revascularization of the reverse-flow random flap in order to provide theoretical evidences for clinical applications.

METHODSThe morphologic changes of micrangium of the reverse-flow random flap with SVT and without SVT were observed at different phases and compared by optical microscopy and stereological methods.

RESULTSThe micrangium density of the flaps with SVT and without SVT showed a tendency of increasing at 3 days after the operation. At 5 to 10 days, the micrangium density of the flap with SVT was much higher than the flap without SVT. There was significant difference between the two groups, which was proved by the optical microscopy observation.

CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that SVT and its nourishing vessels could promote early revascularization of the flap after transplantation. The SVT can be of benefit to the survival of the reverse-flow random flap.

Animals ; Graft Survival ; Microcirculation ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Veins ; transplantation

OBJECTIVETo study the simple infection and super/co-infection of HAV-HEV, HGV in patients with viral hepatitis.

METHODSUsing EIA method to detect anti-HAV IgM, HBV serum markers, anti-HCV IgM, anti-HDV IgM, anti-HEV IgM, anti-HGV IgM in viral hepatitis patients with different clinical types.

RESULTSSeventy-three percent patients (154/210) had HBV infection markers, twenty-nine percent patients (61/210) had HAV infection marker, eight percent patients (17/210) had HCV, HDV infection markers, ten percent patients (21/210) had HEV infection and seven percent patients (15/210) had HGV infection. Only nine percent patients (20/210) had viral hepatitis serum markers negative. In all clinical types, sixty-one percent patients had only one type hepatitis virus infection, thirty-two percent patients had two types of hepatitis virus super/co-infection, six percent patients had three types of hepatitis virus super/co-infection. Super/co-infection often occurred in patients who had cirrhosis or hepatic failure.

CONCLUSIONHBV and HAV infection is very common in viral hepatitis patients, whereas HCV, HDV, HEV and HGV infection is relatively low; double super/co-infection of HAV-HEV, HGV frequently occurs in severe patients with viral hepatitis.

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; GB virus C ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis A ; epidemiology ; virology ; Hepatitis A virus ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis E ; epidemiology ; virology ; Hepatitis E virus ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis Viruses ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Superinfection

A subcellular proteomic method was applied to investigate the protein expression profiles of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines,CNE1 and CNE2,at various differentiation levels.Plasma membrane (PM) proteins were obtained by Percoll density grade centrifugation and subjected to twodimensional electrophoresis (2DE) followed by PDQuest software analysis.Nine proteins expressed with more than two folds difference were identified by MALDI-TOF-TOF,of which functions involved in cell differentiation,signal transduction,and metabolism.Half of these proteins,such as galectin-1 and annexin Ⅱ,were analyzed with real-time quantitative PCR or Westem blotting.We have tested a proteomic method to study differentiated NPCs at different levels and found several proteins that might be related to their biological characteristics.

Objective To assess clinical and urodynamic results of augmentation enterocystoplasty (AE) in patients with ncurogcnic hladdcr dysfunction (NBD).Methods Retrospectively reviewed our database between 2005-2011 to identify 77 patients who underwent AE ( sigmoid 74 patients,ileum 3 patients).Postoperativc complications,renal function,urodynamics parameters and quality of daily life were evaluated.Results The mean follow-up length was 24 months.Compared with pre-operative condition,the mean bladder capacity significantly increased from (160.6 ± 128.3) to (468.5 ± 60.6) ml (P ＜0.001 ) and the maximum detrusor pressure decreased from ( 31.1 ± 26.4) to ( 10.9 ± 4.5 ) cm H2O ( P =0.002 ).Serum creatinine level decreased from (270.3 ± 113.6 ) to ( 174.4 ± 81.3 ) μmol/(l) ( P =0.00 1 ).There were significant decrease on mean number of incontinence episodes and pads used per day ( P ＜0.01 ).Post-operative complications included metabolic acidosis in two patients (2.6％),adhesive intestinal obstruction in four patients (5.2％),deteriorating renal function in one patients ( 1.2％ ) and recurrence of vesicoureteral reflux in three patients (3.9％).Conclusions The results suggest that AE is safe and effective in treating patients with NBD.Concomitant URI is considerèd on patients with long illness history,vesicoureteral reflux at low intravesical pressures and upper urinary tract dilation.Patients with moderate and severe upper urinary tract deteriorations benefit from this procedure and the benefit can maintain a long time.

ObjectiveTo study the outcome of 3 kinds of disabled children. Methods269 disabled children found in 2004 Beijing Disabled Children Sampling, which including 237 children with mental retarded disability, 57 with physical disability and 26 with psychological disability, were followed up in 2007. Results52.32% of mental disabled children, 8.77% of physical disabled, and 15.38% of psychological disabled children would not be seen as "disability" any longer. ConclusionThe disability before 6 years old is a kind of developmental disability, which may be recovery as development.