BACKGROUND:Telomerase reverse transcriptase plays an important role in telomerase activation, and lentiviral vectors carrying human telomerase reverse transcriptase that can inhibit astrocyte expression are rarely reported to have effects on spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE:To transfect rat astrocytes with telomerase reverse transcriptase gene lentiviral vectors and to observe the effect of telomerase reverse transcriptase gene lentiviral vectors on apoptosis of astrocytes. METHODS: Astrocytes from rats were subject to primary culture and subculture, and then transfected with siRNA lentiviral vector carrying telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (siRNA transfection group), simple lentiviral vector (lentiviral vector group) and nothing (blank group), respectively. Then, the transfection efficiency and apoptosis in different time periods after transfection were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The transfection efficiency was up to 85%-90% after siRNA lentiviral vector and simple lentiviral vector transfection. The apoptosis rate of astrocytes in the siRNA transfection group was 50%-60% at 24-48 hours after transfection, but there was no significant change in the other two groups. These findings suggest that siRNA lentiviral vectors carrying telomerase reverse transcriptase gene can accelerate astrocytes apoptosis.

BACKGROUND:Spinal tuberculosis seldom involves cervical vertebra. The application of anti-tuberculosis drug has slight effects on patients combined with nerve dysfunction and severe vertebral destruction, which results in unstable cervical vertebra. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biocompatibility of graft and host after one-stage anterior debridement graft fusion and internal fixation in the repair of adult cervical tuberculosis. METHODS: A total of 14 patients who suffered from cervical tuberculosis were admitted into Department of Spinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University between May 2010 and June 2012. They underwent Zephir anterior cervical plate for one-stage anterior debridement graft fusion and internal fixation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with pre-fixation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and visual analog scale score were lower in final folow-up (P < 0.05), and Japanese Orthopaedic Association score increased (P < 0.05). Except that Frankel grade recovered to grade D from grade C in one case, Frankel grade did not alter in the remaining patients. Compared with pre-fixation, Cobb angle was apparently shortened in seven patients with kyphosis. Folowing internal fixation, bone trabecula was visible between the vertebral body and graft region after fixation. No displacement, bone resorption, nonunion or pseudoarthrosis occurred. Neck pain and limited function relieved or disappeared to different degrees after fixation. These findings suggest this method can effectively treat cervical tuberculosis. Moreover, the biocompatibility of the plate and host is good.

Objective To study effects of yinlingⅠon cell viability and oxidative injury of lead-exposed cell.Methods After lead exposure Vero cell was treated with yinlingⅠof different concentrations.The cell viablitity was measured by methyl thiaxiolyl tetrazolium(MTT) method and the superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA) activity in cell suspensions were measured.Results When Vero cell lived in 125 ?mol/L lead acetate surrounding,the MDA concentration increased,but the viability of cell and the SOD content in the Vero cell suspension decreased.YinlingⅠcould increase the viability of lead-exposed cell during a certain extent;in the most non-toxicity concentration yinlingⅠcould elevate the SOD content in the Vero cell suspension,reduced the MDA concentration and resisting lead toxication in vitro.Conclusion YinlingⅠhas the protective effects on the cell viability and oxidative injury of lead-exposed cell.

This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of hepatic resection combined with radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection (HR) alone for the treatment of multifocal hepatoeellular carcinomas (HCC).A literature search was conducted from the database including MEDLINE,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and China Biology Medicine (CBM) disc.The primary outcomes included the 1-,3-,5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rate.The secondary outcomes contained the intraoperative parameters and postoperative adverse events (AEs).These parameters were all analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software.After carefully screening relevant studies,four retrospective studies of high quality involving 466 patients (197 in the combined group and 269 in the HR group) were included in this study.The pooled results showed that the 1-,3-,5-year OS rate in the combined group were comparable with those in the HR group (OR=0.77,0.96,0.88;P=0.33,0.88,0.70,respectively).Similarly,there was no significant difference in 1-,3-,5-year DFS rate between the combined group and the HR alone group (OR=0.57,0.83,0.72;P=0.17,0.37,0.32,respectively).And the intraoperative parameters and postoperative AEs were also comparable between the above two cohorts.However,two included studies reported that tumor often recurred in the ablation site in the combined group.The present meta-analysis indicated that the HR combined with RFA could reach a long-term survival outcome similar to curative HR for multifocal HCC patients.And this therapy may be a promising alternative for these patients with marginal liver function or complicated tumor distribution.Furthermore,high quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are imperative to verify this conclusion.

Objective To investigate the three-dimensional structure of normal male canine prostat- ic duct and acinus system,and to study the mechanism of intraprostatic urinary reflux(IPUR)resulting from high pressure of the posterior urethra by experiment.Methods Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)and corrosion casting methods,high pressure of the prostatic urethra was produced based upon IPUR in normal male canines.Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)casting solution was injected into 8 Beagle canines'normal prostates to induce intraprostatie resin solution reflux.Results Six casting molds of nor- real canine prostate specimens were obtained,and the casting failed in 2.By corrosion and casting treatment, the prostate appeared to consist of several glandular lobes.The columnar apophyses of glandular surface were observed.The most glandular ducts pointed outward from urethral peristome.Each glandular duct system was made up of many bifurcated branches from the bough as a duct tree.More than 90% of the bifurcations were Y-shaped,and 6 bifurcated branches were rarely seen.The tip of the duct was vesicular.The diameter and length of the bough were(0.37?0.14)mm and(1.14?0.04)mm,respectively.The intersectional angle of urethra and peripheral glandular duct was the biggest.Peripheral glandular duct was perpendicular or con- verse to urinary flow.Peripheral glandular aeinus appeared elliptic and velvet.The mesh-like and crater-like depressions were shown on the surface of central glandular aeinus.Ejaculatory ducts independently and branchlessly entered the urethra.Conclusions The resin corrosion casting methods combined with SEM can clearly show the three-dimensional structure of normal male canine prostatic duct and acinus system. IPUR may easily occur in the peripheral glands from the morphological view.It is suggested that prostatitis occurs more commonly in peripheral glands,confirming a fact that high pressure of the posterior urethra can induce IPUR.

Objective To compare the serum levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1,bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and RA with interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD).Methods Twenty-eight RA-ILD patients,32 patients with RA but without ILD and 20 normal controls were enrolled.The RA-ILD group was further divided into early group and late group.All the observed subjects were analyzed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of serum TGF-β1 and BMP-4 levels.The relationship between the serum levels of TGF-β1,BMP-4 and laboratory examinations were investigated.Comparisions between groups were tested by one-way ANOVA analysis and ttest.Correlation of indexs were observed by Spearman method.Results Patients in the RA-ILD group were older than RA group in disease onset age,in addition,patients with ILD had better joint function and higher serum rheumatoid factor titers.The occurrence time of interstitial lung disease was 2-6 years after the onset of arthritis,with an average time of (3.0±1.2) years.The TGF-β1 levels in the RA-ILD group were slightly higher,but not statistically significant than other groups (P＞0.05).The TGF-β1 serum levels in the early RA-ILD patients were significantly increased than those of the late RA-ILD group and the RA group.BMP-4 levels in patients with RA-ILD group were less than RA without ILD group and healthy control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).BMP-4 level in early RA-ILD group was significantly decreased than those of the late RA-ILD group and RA group.No correlation between the serum BMP-4,TGF-β1 level (P＞0.05) no assay result correlated with laboratory parameters including ESR,CRP,RF and anti-CCP antibodies (P＞0.05).Conclusion TGF-β1 serum levels are increased and BMP-4 levels are decreased in early RA-ILD patients.The serum levels of TGF-β1 and BMP-4 may be indicatior for asymptomatic ILD and reflect disease progression.

Macrophages play important roles in all stages of wound healing. Changes in micro-environment leads to transformation of macrophages type I and type II, thereby playing a role in wound healing. During the early inflammatory phase, type I macrophages exert pro-inflammatory function such as antigen-presenting, phagocytosis, and the production of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. While during the wound healing phase, macrophages were transformed into type II, which stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells by expressing growth factors. This results in the formation of granulation tissue, angiogenesis, and the formation of ECM, so as to promote wound healing. This review summarizes the function and change in phenotype of macrophages in different stages of wound healing.
Humans ; Macrophages ; immunology ; Wound Healing ; immunology

Aim To study the protective effect of the naringin on chemotactic factor CX3 CL1 of human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVEC) induced by high glucose. Methods The effect of different concen-trations of naringin on HUVEC cell viability was deter-mined by MTS. HUVECs were divided into 4 groups:① control group, ② high glucose group, ③ naringin group and④high glucose treated with naringin group. After treatment for 5 days, the concentration of nitric oxide ( NO ) in the culture medium was measured by nitrate reductase; intracellular reactive oxygen species ( ROS) was analyzed with fluorescence probe; the ex-pressions of CX3 CL1 mRNA and protein were deter-mined by the reverse transcription PCR ( RT-PCR ) and Western blot ( WB ) . Results NO content in the culture medium of high glucose group was markedly de-creased, which could be increased by naringin. Com-pared with the control group, intracellular ROS in the high glucose group was drastically elevated, but narin-gin decreased the elevated ROS induced by high glu-cose. The results of RT-PCR and WB showed that nar-ingin could downregulate the increased expressions of CX3CL1 mRNA and protein induced by high glucose. Conclusion Naringin has protective effect on the in-jury of the HUVEC induced by high glucose, which is associated with reducing the expression of CX3 CL1 and the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory action.

Objective To investigate the safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided paravertebral anaes-thesia combined with propofol in the thoracoscopic sympathectomy. Methods Total 63 male and 59 female patients with hyperhidrosis were recruited. The patients were equally divided into two groups:group A and C. Patients in group A received ultrasound-guided paravertebral anaesthesia combined with propofol. Patients in group C received general intravenous anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. The heart rate (HR),mean arterial pres-sure(MAP)and the oxygen saturation(SpO2)at the time of entering the operating room(T0),completing anesthe-sia(T1),incising the skin(T2),cutting the T4 sympathetic trunk(T3),completing the operation were record-ed. The awake time after operation ,VAS score after operation and postoperative throat discomfort were also record-ed. Results The two groups successfully completed the surgery. There were no significant differences of the HR , MAP and SpO2 at T0-T4 between the two groups. There were significant differences of the awake time after opera-tion,postoperative feeding time and hospitalization expenses. The VAS score after operation of group A were better than group C(P<0.05)at T2 h,T4 h,T8 h,and T12 h. There was no significant difference of VAS score at T24 h between the two groups. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided paravertebral anaesthesia combined with propofol can pro-vide a safe and effective approach for patients receiving the thoracoscopic sympathectomy.

Objective To study the effects of YinlingⅠon expelling lead and the improvement of the ability of learning memory in lead poisoned mice.Methods Poisoning model of lead was prepared by drinking water with lead acetate,and the administration of YinlingⅠor EDTA-Na_2Ca to lead poisoned mice was performed.Lead content was detected in blood, brain and bone.The ability of lear- ning and memory of mice was measured monthly by Y-water maze test. Ultrastructure of CA3 cell in hippocampus was observed with transmission electron microscope.Results After administration of YinlingⅠ,the lead content in blood, brain and bone decreased remarkably, the ability of learning and memory increased,and the ultrastructure changes of CA3 cell in hippocampus markedly dimi- nished.Conclutions YinlingⅠ may expel lead of the mice with lead poisoning and improve their ability of learning and memory.