To compare and evaluate two methodologies, entire-sampling and micro-sampling for the harvesting of vitreous humor, the vitreous humor of rabbits were sampled with the two methods respectively, and the concentrations of calcium, chlorine, potassium, sodium and phosphorus of the were measured. The results showed that the differences in the variance coefficient and two-eye concentrations of micro-sampled specimens were less than those of the entire-sampled specimens. In the micro-sampling group, the concentrations of repeated micro-sampling showed no differences among different groups (P > 0.05) and the intra-ocular fluid dynamics did not have significant influence on post-mortem sampling. The sampling technique may affect the concentrations of specimen collected. Our study suggests that micro-sampling is less influenced by the human factor and is reliable, reproducible, and more suitable for forensic investigation.

The application of molecular biological technique provides opportunity to pancreatic cancer patients since the cancer is resistant to routine treatment. Clarifying the molecular mechanism in the genesis and development of pancreatic cancer is the first thing to do. Recent researches found that there were different signaling pathways activated in different stages of pancreatic cancer. The important signal pathways included mitosis pathways, growth factor pathways, developing pathways and mucin pathways. This article will review the relationship between molecular pathways and pancreatic cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) activation on the apoptosis in human mesangial cells and it's mechanism.Methods Cultured HMC were used in experiments and were divied into four groups:the control group; β-AR activation (β-AR agonist NE/Pra) group; β-AR inhibitor (Prop) group; antioxidants group.The experiments technology including PCR,confocal scanning microscope,immunofluorescence and Tunel.Results The results of RTPCR and confocal scanning microscope showed that β1-AR and β2-AR were expressed in human HMC.β-AR activation induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase in human MCs,the relative levels of ROS were elevated as early as 0.5 h after β-AR activation,and gradually increased and peaked at 4 h on a concentration and time dependent manner.Tunel results demonstrated that β-AR activation induced apoptosis with ROS on a concentration and time dependent manner,β-AR blocking agent-propranolol significantly inhibited β-AR activation induced apoptosis.Antioxidants including vitamin C and NAC could inhibited β-AR activation induced apoptosis (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions β-AR is functionally expressed in human mesangial cell,furthermore β-AR activation-induced ROS increase mediate apoptosis.Antioxidants can inhibit β-AR activation induced apoptosis.

Objective To analysis the risk factors of cardiovascular events during periopemtive period undergoing hand surgery . Methods 197 cases of hand surgery in our hospital from 2009 to 2012 ,aged 21 to 74 years were selected .The general condition ,an-esthesia ,operative time and intraoperative hemodynamics (blood pressure> 20% ) were recorded ,postoperative follow-up and record the occurrence of cardiovascular events ,and factor analysis was carried on .Results In 48 hours ,23 patients were suffered from car-diovascular events ,and the total morbidity rate was 11 .7% ,in which sinus tachycardia was 3 case(1 .52% ) ,atrial fibrillation were 2 cases(1 .02% ) ,premature ventricular contractions were 4 cases(2 .03% ) ,the myocardial ischemia were 11 cases(5 .58% ) ,the angi-na pectoris were 3 cases(1 .52% ) ,the myocardial isehemia was 1case(0 .51% ) .Multiariable Logistic regression analysis showed that ,the influencing factors of perioperative cardiovascular events undergoing hand surgery were were diabetes mellitus (OR=2 .012 ,P=0 .023) ,coronary heart disease (OR=2 .301 ,P=0 .028) ,preoperative ST ischemic changes (OR=2 .942 ,P=0 .031) ,lip-id abnormalities(OR=3 .012 ,P=0 .019) and hemodynamics changes during operation(OR=3 .522 ,P=0 .020) .Conclusion The risk factors of perioperative cardiovascular events independent undergoing hand surgery might be diabetes ,coronary heart disease , preoperative ST ischemic changes ,intraoperative hemodynamic changes .

OBJECTIVE: To assess the evaluation on auditory rehabilitation effect for 42 deaf children with GJB2 gene mutation after cochlear implantation to provide a reference for the cochlear implant effect evaluation of such patients. METHOD: To conduct the detection on common genetic deafness gene mutation hotspots of hearing impaired children with cochlear implantation. To conduct auditory rehabilitation effect evaluation on 42 cases of patients with GJB2 genetic deafness after 3 months, 6 months and 12 months of the operation respectively. The single factor repeated measure ANOVA was applied to analyze whether there were significant difference among the results of initial consonant of a Chinese syllable recognition at 3 different stages after the operation, the results of vowel of a Chinese syllable recognition at 3 different stages after the operation, and the results of two-syllable recognition at 3 different stages after the operation. RESULT: 235delC is the high-incidence mutational site in 42 cases of patients with GJB2 genetic deafness, the total detection rate is up to 90.48%. There were significant differences in the initial consonant of a Chinese syllable recognition rate, the vowel of a Chinese syllable recognition rate, the two-syllable recognition rate as well as the vowel of a Chinese syllable recognition rate after 3 months, 6 months and 12 months of the operation (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Cochlear implantation is a safe and effective measure for auditory reconstruction, it can help patients with GJB2 hereditary severe sensorineural deafness to improve auditory speech recognition.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Cochlear Implantation ; Connexin 26 ; Connexins ; genetics ; Deafness ; genetics ; rehabilitation ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; genetics ; rehabilitation ; Humans ; Language ; Mutation

Corneal opacity is one of the most commonly used parameters for estimating postmortem interval (PMI). This paper proposes a new method to study the relationship between changes of corneal opacity and PMI by processing and analyzing cornea images. Corneal regions were extracted from images of rabbits' eyes and described by color-based and texture-based features, which could represent the changes of cornea at different PMI. A KNN classifier was used to reveal the association of image features and PMI. The result of the classification showed that the new method was reliable and effective.

To determining the postmortem interval (PMI) through quantitative analysis of the DNA degradation of cell nucleus in human brain and spleen by using image analysis technique (IAT). The brain and spleen tissues from 32 cadavers with known PMI were collected, subjected to cell smear every 1 h within the first 5-36 h after death, stained by Feulgen-Van's staining, Three indices reflecting DNA in brain cells (astrocytes) and splenic lymphocytes, including integral optical density (IOD), average optical density (AOD), average gray (AG) were measured by employing the mage analysis instrument. The results showed that IOD and AOD declined and AG increased with the prolongation of dead time within 5-36 h. A correlation between the PMI and gray parameters (IOD, AOD and AG) was identified and the corresponding regression equation was obtained. The parameters (IOD, AOD and AG) were proved to be effective quantitative indicators for accurate estimation of PMI within 5-36 h after death.
Cell Nucleus/*pathology ; DNA Degradation, Necrotic ; Forensic Pathology ; Liver/*pathology ; Postmortem Changes ; Spleen/*pathology ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the effects of hypoxia on malignant phenotype of a hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cell line and its molecular basis.Methods Human HCC cell line with highly metastatic potential(MHCC97H)was grown under hypoxia(induced by 100 μmol/L CoCl_2)and normoxic conditions respectively.To observe the effects of hypoxia on MHCC97H cells was observed,the tumorigenicity was carried out by soft agar cloning method in vitro and inoculation in nude mice in vivo;Invasive and metastatic potential were measured.Experiments with and/or without Matrigel in vitro and a metastatic human HCC orthotopic nude mice model by HAL in vivo.To clarify the molecular background,the proliferation of cells were analyzed by MTT assay and the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry;The expression of embryonic stem cell(ES)-like genes(Oct4,Nanog and Sox2)were detected by real-time RT-PCR;CD90~+ and CD133~+ subpopulation from MHCC97H cells were isolated by flow cytometry and the expressions of CD90 and CD133 of MHCC97H cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence.Results Hypoxia increased tumor migration(t=2.792,P=0.023),invasiveness(t=7.624,P＜0.0001)and clone forming ability(t=3.292,P=0.011)of MHCC97H cells in vitro,and promoted tumorigenesis(x~2=8.571,P=0.015)and pulmonary metastasis(x~2=5.507,P=0.031)in vivo.The proliferation of MHCC97H cells arrest under hypoxic conditions accompanied with increased proportion of cells in G1 phase,the expressions of Oct4,Nanog,Sox2 significantly increased in response to hypoxia,but the fluorescence intensity and number of CD90~+ and CD133~+ MHCC97H cells decreased or unchanged.Conclusion Hypoxia increases aggressiveness of MHCC97H cells,which was correlated with the acquisition of embryonic stem cell-like characteristics.

Objective To investigate the clinical parameters,risk factors,treatment and clinical outcomes of pneumocystis pneumonia(PCP) in children without human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). Methods Retrospective a-nalysis was made for the clinical features,risk factors,treatment and prognoses of the non-HIV infected severe PCP pa-tients hospitalized at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit( PICU) of Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pedi-atrics. Results During April of 2010 to April of 2014,there were 10 cases of non-HIV infected severe PCP in PICU of Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics. All of the patients had predisposing diseases,in which 3 cases had connective tissue diseases,2 cases had acute leukemia,3 cases had severe pneumonia and 2 cases had con-genital immunodeficiency. The main clinical manifestations of those 10 patients were fever, cough, tachypnea and obvious dyspnea. All patients developed respiratory failure. The median value of Pediatric Critical Illness Score was 79. The median arterial oxygen pressure was 58 mmHg(1 mmHg=0. 133 kPa). The median oxygenation index was 103 mmHg. The median alveolo-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference was 43. 8 mmHg. The median CD4+T-lympho-cytes counts was 169 ×106/L. Eight patients on admission had mixed infection. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurred in all of the patients,and 7 cases of them had multiple organ dysfunctions. All of the patients re-quired ventilation support. The median day for invasive mechanical ventilation days was 11 and the median day for non-invasive ventilation days was 6. The pneumothorax occurred in 5 patients. All patients received trimethoprim-Sulfame-thoxazole as initial therapy and Caspofungin treatment in combination in 7 cases of the patients. Six patients had nosoco-mial infection. The median time of PICU stay was 15. 5 days. Six patients survived and the mortality was 40%(4/10 cases) . Conclusions PCP is a kind of fatal diseases which occurred in patients with immunocompromised conditions and concurrent ARDS or multiple organ dysfunctions. Diagnostic suspicion and mechanical ventilation therapy with lung protective ventilation strategies may improve the clinical outcomes of non-HIV-infected PCP in children.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of mongolian medicine Cymbaria dahurica extract. METHODS:96 KM mice(or SD rats)were randomly divided into model group(water),positive control group(aspirin, 0.5 g/kg),C. dahurica ethanol extract (70% ethanol) low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups (0.325,0.650,1.300 g/kg, calculated by crude drug) and C. dahurica aqueous extract of the residue of alcohol extraction low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups(0.325,0.650,1.300 g/kg,calculated by crude drug). They were given relevant medicine intragastrically,once a day,for consecutive 7 d. The xylene-induced ear edema method was used to determine the degree of ear edema,and egg white-in-duced paw edema method was used to determine paw edema after inducing inflammation 1,2,4,6 h;anti-inflammatory activity of C. dahurica extract was investigated. 96 KM mice were grouped and given medicine with same method;the number of writhing within 20 min was determined by acetic acid writhing method. Another 64 KM mice were grouped with same method,with 8 mice in each group;except positive control group was given tramadol hydrochloride(0.5 g/kg)intragastrically,other groups were given relevant medicine with same method. Pain thresholds of mice were determined by hot-plate test before and after medication 30,45, 60,90 min,and analgesic effects of C. dahurica extract were investigated. RESULTS:Compared with model group,C. dahurica extract could obviously restrain the ear edema of mice and paw edema of rats 6 h after egg white-induced inflammation. Except paw edema of rats in C. dahurica aqueous extract of the residue of alcohol extraction high-dose group was decreased slightly,there was statistical significance among other groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). C. dahurica extract decreased the number of writhing in mice within 20 min,and extended pain thresholds of mice 30,60,90 min after medication (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Both C. dahurica ethanol extract and aqueous extract of the residue of alcohol extraction posses certain anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.