To investigate the interrelationship between plasma renin activity(PRAXaldosterone (Ald),atrial natri-uretic peptide ( ANP ) and blood volume ( BV ) in adult nephrotic syndrome ( NS ) . Methods BV was assessed using 113mInCl dilution method. PRA、 Angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ)、Ald、ANP were determined by radioirnmunoassay. 28 edema-tous NS patients,26 healthy controls and 18 cases of remission were involved. Results (1)During edematous period, PR, AngⅡ , Ald、 ANP were higher in NS than in controls. There was no difference of BV between NS and controls. Albumin ,PRA,AngⅡ 、Ald and ANP were not correlated with BV; (2)After remission, comparing with edematous period, Ald 、ANP deceased significantly whereas PRA、AngⅡ、Ald and total BV were not different; (3) Urine natrium excretion (UNaV) was negatively correlated with Aid. Conclusion Ald and ANP may be the major regulating factors of sodium excretion in nephrotic syndrome.

0.05). In both A and B groups the number of CD_3~+, CD_4~+, CD_8~+ T cells and NK was signficantly higher after treatment than before treatment(P0.05). The amount of CD_3~+,CD_4~+ T cells and NK was obivously lower after treatment than before treatment in C group, and CD_8~+ T cells amount significantly increased after treatment compared with before treatment(P

0.05).Conclusions The results by GH exercise test is identified with GH provocative test.Because the GH exercise test is safe and simple,it is appropriate to use the GH exercisetest to screen for growth hormone deficiency during childhood.

Objective To screen the optimal parameters of rectal probe electrostimulation (RPES) to release spasticity after spinal cord injury. Methods 10 patients with muscular tension more than 2 level of the modified Ashworth scale after spinal cord injury received the RPES in 9 parameters combinations from orthogonal array, every patient underwent a combination per day. Their muscular tension, clonus and reflex were recorded before and after each treatment. The varieties were analyzed with orthogonal design variance analysis. Results The optimal parameter for muscular tension was 10 mA, 3 /min, 15 min; for reflex: 10 mA, 4 /min, 10 min; for clonus: 40 mA, 2 /min, 15 min; spasm score: 10 mA, 2 /min, 15 min. Conclusion The stimulus intensity most affects the muscular tension, reflex and spasm score, and the frequency of stimulation most affects the clonus. The parameter components were separately for muscular tension, reflex, clonus and spasm score.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of fetal nasal bone absence and thickened nuchal translucency ( NT) at 11-13 +6 weeks ultrasound screening .Methods A total of 4200 pregnant women with single fetus registered at Mother and Children ’ s Health Care Center in our hospital were examined at 11-13 +6 gestational weeks .Both fetal nasal bone and NT ultrasound evaluation were offered to assess whether nasal bone is absent and NT is thickened (>3.0 mm) in these cases.Particular attention was paid to the relationship between abnormal findings ,karyotype and pregnancy outcome .Results In all, 3492/4200 cases were included in the study with both NT measurement and nasal bone evaluation .Seven hundred and night cases were excluded because of unavailable clinical outcome .Among 3492 fetuses:(1) There were 3 cases absent of nasal bone .Among the 3 cases without nasal bone , 2 cases ( 1 case combined with thickened NT ) were trisomy 21(66.7%,2/3).(2) There were 351 cases with NT>3.0 mm (10.1%,351/3492).Among the 351 cases with thickened NT,there were 4 with trisomy 21 syndromes (1.14%,4/351,1 case combined with nasal bone absence ),1 with trisomy 18 syndrome,1 with Turner syndrome,6 with structural anomalies but normal karyotype (1.71%,6/351).(3)Among the 3139 cases with normal nasal bone and NT ,there were 8 cases with chromosomal or structural anomalies .Conclusions Absent nasal bone and thickened NT are important markers of trisomy 21 in the first trimester ultrasound screening .Thickened NT has significant correlation with other fetal chromosomal and structural anomalies .

Excess energy has become a main reason for increasingly serious human health hazards. Excess energy, mainly ectopically deposits in the liver, pancreas and other organs in the form of triglycerides, and produces chronic oxidative, nitrosative stress (ONS) , and fat toxicity, resulting in insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, and further impaired glucose regulation (Pidan). By combining Chinese medical pathogeneses and symptoms analyses, authors found this process has features of Gan disease transferring to Pi. Based on a number of related guidelines and clinical practice, we demonstrated treating sputum and stasis by the same method was one treatment method for intervening liver disease transferring to spleen in metabolic diseases. This idea helps to organic integrating prevention and treatment of major metabolic diseases including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which can improve clinical effectiveness and efficiency of Chinese medicine.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; therapy ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Metabolic Diseases ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides

OBJECTIVETo observe the expressions of Calbindin(CB) and Parvalbumin (PV), the two calcium-binding protein, in auditory pathway in mice of wild type C57BL/6J and kit⁺/kitW⁻ ²Bao, a kit gene mutant.

METHODSSix mutated kit gene kit⁺/kitW⁻ ²Bao mice and 6 wild type C57BL/6J (B6) mice were anaesthetized i. p. with chloral hydrate. After the mice were fixed by heart perfusion, the brains were removed and coronal sections were cut with a freezing microtome.

RESULTSWe found that wild type mice had significant expressions of PV on ventral cochlear nucleus, anterior part (AVCN), ventral cochlear nucleus, posterior part (PVCN), inferior colliculus (IC) and auditory cortex (AC). CB was expressed in wild type mice on PVCN and nucleus of the trapezoid body (Tz). The mutant of kit gene induced the less expression of PV on PVCN, IC and AC (P < 0.01), but increased the expression of Tz (P < 0.01). CB could not be observed on PVCN in mutant mice, and the expression of AC was increased( P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCB and PV has differential expression level in auditory pathway. Since mutated kit gene can affect expression of PV on PVCN, IC, Tz and AC, as well as CB on PVCN and AC, it suggests that the mutation of kit gene can affect the advanced function of central nervous system in auditory pathway.

Animals ; Auditory Cortex ; metabolism ; Auditory Pathways ; metabolism ; Calbindins ; metabolism ; Inferior Colliculi ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Parvalbumins ; metabolism ; Pons ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; genetics

Objective To explore the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and Survivin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Immunohistochemical method staining for the paraffin sections(SP method) were used to assess the expression of VECF and Survivin expression in 80 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and 24 cases of nasopharyngeal chronic inflammation tissues.Results The overexpression rate of VEGF protein was 75.76% (61/80) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues,and 25.00% (6/80) in nasopharyngeal chronic inflammation tissues(P<0.01) ;The overexpression rate of Survivin protein was 67.50% (54/80) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues,and 16.67% (4/80) in nasopharyngeal chronic inflammation tissues(P<0.01).The expression of VEGF was related to TNM stage,T stage,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (P<0.05) ,and there was a close relation between the expression of Survivin and TNM stage,T stage,lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (P<0.05).Conclusion Detecting the expression levels of VEGF and Survivin proteins simultaneously in nasopharyngeal carcinoma had certain reference value for judging biological behavior and evaluating prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Prepulse inhibition ( PPI) is the suppression of the startle reflex when the startling stim-ulus is preceded by a non-startling stimulus ( the prepulse) . It is an operational measurement of sensorimotor gating mechanism to help the brain adapt to the complex environment,which could be top-down modulated by attention and other higher cognitive processes. Deficits of PPI and the top-down modulation of PPI are closely related to psychiatric diseases. Research papers published from January 2001 to October 2016 related to PPI in psychiatric disorders were searched in the Chinese and English databases. Results showed that schizo-phrenic patients and their relatives showed deficits in baseline PPI as well as the attentional modulation of PPI,and more importantly,the attentional modulation of PPI rather than the baseline PPI was more related to the symptom severity. Patients with Tourette'' s syndrome showed PPI impairment,while patients with obsess-ive compulsive disorder had lower levels of PPI. PPI deficits in bipolar disorder patients were gender-depend-ent. Studying PPI and the top-down modulation of PPI could provide a basis to study the interaction of senso-ry processing and attention,and facilitate the researches of neural mechanism underlying the deficits of senso-ry gating. To establish advanced paradigms of PPI,new cognitive components could be introduced,such as at-tention,emotion,motor control,compulsivity and so on,thus improving the specificity of PPI test and promo-ting the PPI test as new biomarker and endophenotype in various psychiatric disorders.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of Attractin (Atrn) silence on the anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic abilities of TM4 Sertoli cells and its influence on the expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and caspase6 in the cells.

METHODSWe observed the apoptotic indexes of TM4 Sertoli cells with normal expression (control), partial deletion, and complete deletion of the Atrn gene (psiRNA-TM4, psiAtrn-TM4, and mu-SC). We determined the mRNA and protein expressions of SOD and caspase6 by Q-PCR and Western blot, measured the SOD activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contentby spectrophotometry, and detected the apoptotic index of the cells by TUNEL.

RESULTSCompared with psiRNA-TM4, after inhibition of the Atrn expression, the Sertoli cells in the psiAtrn-TM4 and mu-SCgroups showed significantly decreased expressions ofSOD mRNA (70.76% and 92.58%) and protein (65.11% and 71.0%) (both P < 0.05). The levels of caspase 6 mRNA and protein were increased 5.28 and 3.40 times in the psiAtrn-TM4 and 2.97 and 2.50 times in the mu-SCgroup as compared with the normal control (both P < 0.05). Atrn deletion markedly increased the apoptotic indexes of the cells in the psiAtrn-TM4 and mu-SC groups by 16.22% and 22.03% (P < 0.05) and reduced the activity of SOD by 23.00% and 39.37% (P < 0.05); it also elevated the level of MDA by 155.22% (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe Atrn gene exerts influence on the function of Sertoli cells in multiple ways, in which antioxidative stress and apoptosis regulation may play an important role.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 6 ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Deletion ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; Sertoli Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism