Animals ; Antigens, Nuclear ; metabolism ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ependymoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; metabolism ; Medulloblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Nestin ; Neurocytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 ; Oligodendroglioma ; metabolism ; pathology

Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Antigens, Surface ; metabolism ; Autoantibodies ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carrier Proteins ; metabolism ; Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II ; metabolism ; Humans ; Kallikreins ; metabolism ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; metabolism ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; metabolism ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Trypsin Inhibitor, Kazal Pancreatic ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; metabolism

Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nervous System Neoplasms ; pathology ; Neuroglia ; pathology ; Neurons ; pathology

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Brain Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Humans ; Lomustine ; therapeutic use ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Oligodendroglioma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Procarbazine ; therapeutic use ; Prognosis ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

Antigens, Neoplasm ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; Melanosis ; complications ; congenital ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Neurocutaneous Syndromes ; complications ; congenital ; metabolism ; pathology ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Skin ; metabolism ; pathology

Adult ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Catheter Ablation ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; surgery

The theory of branch atheromatous disease (BAD) has been commonly underused in clinical practice and research since it was proposed in 1989.In this study,we sought to explore clinical characteristics of its substypes and biomarkers for prognosis of BAD.A total of 176 consecutive patients with BAD were classified into two groups:paramedianpontine artery group (PPA group,n=70) and lenticulostriate artery group (LSA group,n=106).Bivariate analyses were used to explore the relationship between white matter hyperintensities (WMHs),National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and prognosis evaluated by the modified Rank Scale (mRS) at 6th month after stroke.The differences in prevalence of diabetes mellitus and a history of ischemic heart disease were statistically significant between PPA group and LSA group (x2=8.255,P=0.004;x2=13.402,P＜0.001).The bivariate analyses demonstrated a positive correlation between NIHSS and poor prognosis in patents with BAD and in the two subtype groups,and a positive correlation between WMHs and poor prognosis in the PPA group.It is concluded that a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and a history of ischemic heart disease exist in the PPA group than in the LSA group.In addition,high grades of NIHSS scores imply poor prognosis in patients with BAD and in the two subtype groups.Moreover,WMHs are a positive predictor for poor prognosis in patients in the PPA group.

OBJECTIVETo study the immunohistochemical expression of OCT4, CD117 and CD30 in germ cell tumors and to assess their diagnostic value.

METHODSImmunohistochemical study for OCT4 was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of 63 cases of germ cell tumors, including seminoma (21), dysgerminoma (7), germinoma (8), embryonal carcinoma (8), yolk sac tumor (6), mature teratoma (10) and immature teratoma (3), as well as 25 cases of non-germ cell tumors, including granulosa cell tumor (8), clear cell adenocarcinoma (4), Leydig's cell tumor (5), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (4) and malignant melanoma (4). Besides, the expression of CD117 and CD30 in all germ cell tumors was studied.

RESULTSAll cases of seminoma and germinoma, 6/7 cases of dysgerminoma and 7/8 cases of embryonal carcinoma were positive for OCT4, with strong nuclear staining. All other germ cell tumors and non-germ cell tumors were negative for OCT4, except for 1 case of yolk sac tumor and 1 case of clear cell adenocarcinoma which showed weak staining. Positive membranous expression of CD117 was demonstrated in 19/21(90.5%) seminoma, 5/7 dysgerminoma and 7/8 germinoma. Focal weak membranous staining was also noted in 1 case of yolk sac tumor. The melanocytes in teratoma were also positive for CD117. All cases of embryonal carcinoma were negative. On the other hand, positive membranous expression of CD30 were demonstrated in 6/8 embryonal carcinoma. One case of germinoma and 1 case of yolk sac tumor showed weak cytoplasmic positivity. All cases of seminoma and dysgerminoma, 7/8 germinoma and all cases of teratoma were negative for CD30.

CONCLUSIONSOCT4 is a sensitive and relatively specific marker for diagnosing seminoma, dysgerminoma, germinoma and embryonal carcinoma. CD117 and CD30 immunostains, when used in combination, represent valuable tools for distinguishing embryonal carcinoma and seminoma, dysgerminoma, germinoma.

Carcinoma, Embryonal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dysgerminoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Germinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Ki-1 Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3 ; metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Seminoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Teratoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Testicular Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the alterations of cardiac electrophysiological properties and substantial mechanism and find the stable arrhythmia mouse model in Kunming (KM) and C57BL6/J (C57) mice.

METHODSElectrocardiogram recordings were used to analyze the QT interval in vivo, and mono- phasic action potential of right and left ventricular epicardium was recorded to elicit changes of action potential duration (APD) in conventional and programmed electrical stimulation (PES). Transient outward potassium current (Ito) was recorded via whole-cell patch-clamp technique in single right and left epicardial myocytes.

RESULTSQT interval was prolonged in KM mice relative to C57 mice (62.51±4.47 ms vs. 52.59±4.85 ms, P<0.05) The APD at 50% repolarization of the left ventricular epicardium (18.60±0.91 ms vs. 12.90±0.35 ms), and APDs at 50% (17.31±6.05 ms vs. 12.00±3.24 ms) and 70% repolarization (36.13±5.32 ms vs. 21.95±8.06 ms) of the right ventricular epicardium in KM mice were more sensitive to PES-induced ventricular tachycardia (25%, 3 of 12 hearts), and especially to Burst-induced ventricular tachycardia (50%, 6 of 12 hearts)compared with C57 mice, which were 20% (2 of 10 hearts) and 30% (3 of 10 hearts) respectively. Ito densities both in the left and right ventricular epicardial myocytes from KM mice were significantly decreased compared with C57 mice, respectively (all P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONOur data showed that KM mice with the prolonged QT interval and APD are vulnerabilities to ventricular arrhythmia, which are attributed to lower Ito densities in ventricular myocytes obtained from KM mice than that from C57 mice.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; physiology ; Heart ; physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; physiology ; Perfusion ; Species Specificity

Humans ; Meningioma/pathology* ; Prognosis ; Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology*