OBJECTIVE:To study the feasibility of overflow dissolution method for evaluating the drug in vitro sustained re-lease performance. METHODS:Overflow dissolution method was established by simulating the drugs elimination in vivo. Using Nifedipine sustained-elease tablets(Ⅰ)from 2 different manufacturers as model drug A,B,concentration-time curve,cumulative release rate- time curve,release velocity-time curve of model drugs in release pool at 3 different overflow speed (0,1.50,3.00 mL/min)were investigated. RESULTS:When overflow speed was 0,the cumulative dissolution was consistent with that of the con-ventional dissolution method. As the overflow speed increased,cmax of drug A,B was decreased [A:(8.89±0.20),(5.21±0.04), (3.51±0.03)μg/mL;B:(7.62±0.05),(4.80±0.09),(2.89±0.04)μg/mL];cumulative release rate was increased [A:(85.47± 2.45)%,(94.29 ± 2.44)%,(96.04 ± 2.56)%;B:(73.28 ± 1.13)%,(78.46 ± 1.94)%,(82.50 ± 1.69)%] ;tmax was ahead (A:1.5,1.0,0.5 h;B:2.0,1.0,0.5 h). CONCLUSIONS:Overflow dissolution method has avoided the inhibition of too large drug concentration on drug release,making complete drug release and more accurate evaluation of in vivo sustained release performance of the preparation.

Objective:In investigate the status quo of current physician-patient relationship.Method:A self-designed questionnaire is conducted among the medical staff and patients in 40 hospitals(20 grade 3 hospitals and 20 grade 2 hospitals) located in 10 cities of China.Result:9.3% of the total patient responders consider the current physician-patient relationship dissatisfying,with a counterpart ratio of 31.2% in responders of medical staff.Conclusion:Currently in China,main-stream of physician-patient relationship is harmonious,but it can not be denied that medical staff are suffering tremendous stress from the ever tenser physician-patient contradictions.

Objective To explore the application of high-frequency color Doppler in the diagnosis of infant intussusception and the selection of reduction mode according tO the hemodynamic situations of intussusception intestine tube and blood vessel in mesentery.Methods A total of 377 cases of doubtful intussusception infants wete checked by high-frequency color Doppler.After they had been diagnosed,the hemodynamic situations of intussuscepiton intestine tube and blood vessel in mesentery were carefully observed and the ultra-sound had 3 types and then the hydrostatic enema reduction was chosen as treatment method.Results A total of 263 cases was diagnosed by highfrequency colot Doppler with rate of coincidence of 100%.Among them are 253 successful cases reduced by hydrostatic enema.The successful rate of reduction was 96.2%and the 10 failed cases were changed to be treated bv operation.The intestinal wall of intussusception tube in failure group had serious dropsy without blood flow shown.Conclusions It is accurate that the infant intussusception is diagnosed by high-frequency color Doppler.According to the hemodynamic situations of intussusceptin intestine tube and blood vessel in mesentery,the infant intussusception can be divided into 3 types as follows:type Ⅰ:the blood signal of intestinal tube and wall is up or normal,which shall be reduced by hydrostatic enema;type Ⅱ:the blood signal of intestinal tube and wall is small with high obstruction index,which shall be reduced by hydrostatic enema as possible as it can;type Ⅲ:the intestinal wall has serious dropsy with rather high obstruction index and without blood flow shown,in which the hydrostatic enema redHetion shall bebanned and the operation shall be carried out as soon as possible.

Objective: To study the technological parameters of the enrichment purification process of Baohe Pills with macroporous resin. Methods: With the enriched degree of hesperidin of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae of Baohe Pills as a marker, the optimum technological parameters of the enrichment process were studied. Results: The optimum process is that 5mL of the extract of BaoHe Pills (500mg/mL) was adsorbed for 30min with a column of macroporous resin (R15mm?H100mm) and the resin was washed with 100mL of distilled water, then the hesperidin was eluted from the macroporous resin with 100mL of 50% ethanol. Conclusion: The elutive rate of hesperidin was above 95% by means of the macroporous resin. So this process enriching the active components of Baohe Pills is feasible.

Objective To explore the ultrasonographical characteristics of placental abruption, especially the light placental abruption that was diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasonic combining with enhancement Doppler E-flow imaging, providing diagnosis data for clinical treatment. Methods With color Doppler ultrasonic and enhancement Doppler E-flow imaging, an analysis was made on the ultrasonography and clinical result of 50 patients with heavy placental abruption and 23 patients with light placental abruption. Results The diagnosis and clinical treatment of 50 patients with heavy placental abruption who had been diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasonic combining with enhancement Doppler E-flow imaging were in conformity with the postnatal pathological diagnosis. The coincidence rate in diagnosis was 100%. Of 23 patients with light placental abruption who had been diagnosed by color Doppler ultrasonic combining with enhancement E-flow Doppler imaging, 19 cases' diagnosis and clinical treatment were in accordance with their postnatal pathological diagnosis and the coincidence rate was 83%, 4 cases were misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Of 73 patients with placental abruption, 60 cases were carried out caesarean birth and 13 cases performed natural labor. Conclusion The enhancement Doppler E-flow imaging combining with color Doppler ultrasonic can accurately diagnose the heavy placental abruption and also provide a new method for the diagnosis of light placental abruption and perform a dynamic monitoring for the treatment transfer result of it.

Objective To compare the diagnostic significance of pleural SLPI,IFN-γ and ADA for differenti-ating TPE from pleural effusions with the other etiologies. Methods Pleural effusion samples were obtained from 93 patients who were divided into the following groups: tuberculous pleural effusion,malignant pleural effusion, bacterial pleural effusion and transudative pleural effusion. The pleural effusion and/or serum levels of SLPI , IFN-γand ADA were determined. Results 1.The concentrations of SLPI, IFN-γand ADA in tuberculous pleural effusion was higher than that in malignant group, bacterial group and transudative group. 2. The diagnostic value of SLPI, IFN-γor ADA for the diagnosis of tuberculous PE is high respectively. The combinations of SLPI, IFN-γand/or ADA gained the more valuable diagnostic performance. Conclusion Pleural SLPI, IFN-γand ADA may be helpful for the differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion and the other pleural effusion. The combinations of SLPI or/and IFN-γor/and ADA further increased diagnostic value.

Objective To explore the significance of the plasma procalcitonin (PCT) level for directing antibiotic therapy in elderly patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).Methods The 50 elderly patients with VAP were randomly separated into the regular therapy group and the PCT-directed therapy group. The regular therapy group was given regular antibiotic therapy, while the antibiotic therapy was decided according to the plasma level of PCT in the PCT-directed therapy group. The used time and utilization rate of antibiotics, as well as inflammatory indicators including white blood cells, neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP) and clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, there were no significant differences in white blood cells, neutrophils and CRP between the PCT-directed therapy group and regular therapy group [(8.9 ± 3.5 ) × 109/L vs. (9.4 ± 3.7) × 109/L, 0.62 ± 0.04 vs.0.60±0.04, (18.7±8.5) mg/Lvs. (21.6±6.0) mg/L, t=0.47, 1.84 and 1.37, allP＞0.05],but the CPIS was markedly lower in PCT-directed therapy group than in regular therapy group [(4.0± 1.4) scores vs. (4.7± 1.0) scores, t= 2. 18, P＜0.05]. The neutrophils, CRP and CPIS were significantly lower after treatment than before in the both groups. The concentration of PCT was decreased after treatment than before [(0.5 ± 0.9) mg/L vs. (1.7 ± 0.7) mg/L]. Meanwhile, the time using antibiotics was longer in regular treatment group than in PCT-directed therapy group [(8.72±1.32) d vs. (5.17±0.72) d, t=11.96, P＜0.01], the utilization rate of antibiotics was higher (95.2 % vs. 55.2 %, χ2 = 12.41, P＜0.01) in regular treatment group. Conclusions Using PCT levels for directing treatment in elderly patients with VAP can achieve better curative effect and reduce the use of antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE:To study the feasibility of 10 kinds of culture media used in pharmaceutical microbial limit test stated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition)autoclaving at 121 ℃ for 15 min. METHODS:The performance(color,pH,sterility,the growth-promoting activity,antibacterial ability,indication)of 10 kinds of culture media including Modified Martin Broth medium were tested after autoclaving at 121 ℃ for 15 min or in the parameters from the product instructions according to GB4789.28-2013 and the requirements for quality control of culture media in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition). The quality of the media were compared after autoclaved by different parameters. RESULTS:The quality of the media which were autoclaved at 121 ℃ for 15 min were equivalent with the media which were autoclaved by the parameters from the product instructions,and their quality met the requirements for quality control of media in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition). CONCLUSIONS:The sterilization parame-ters of 10 kinds of media in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition) can be adjusted to be autoclaved at 121 ℃ for 15 min,the quality of the media remain stable after autoclaving.

Objective To investigate the prottective effect of ulinstatin on lung of rats with sepsis and its mechanism of ameliorating cell apoptosis. Method A total of 40 female SD rats were randomly (random number)divided into the control group and the therapy group (ulinastatin 300 000 u/kg). The rat models of sepsis were produced by the classical method of cecal ligature and puncture (CLP), and the designed doses ulinastatin were given intra-peritoneally to the rats of the ulinastatin group and the same amounts of PBS (phosphate buffered solution) instead of ulinastatin were administered intra-peritoneally to the rats of the control group when the sepsis symptoms appeared usually in 3 hours after modeling. In 12 hours after treatment, lung tissues of rats in two groups were taken for observation under the transmission electron microscopy and detecting the levels of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in lung tissues by using immunohistochemical technique. The levels of the integrated optical density(IOD)of Bcl-2 and Bax protein were detected by using Image-pro plus software and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was calculated. Results Transmission electron microscope showed that lung tissue in control group had inflmmatory changes such as severe congestion and consolidation, and those changes in ulinastatin treatment group (300 000 u/kg)were significantly slighter. There were significant differences in the levels of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in lung tissue of rats between two groups(P＜0.01), and the level of protein Bcl-2 in ulinas tatin group were higher than those in control group. The level of pro-apoptotic protein Bax in control group were higher than that in ulinastatin group (P＜0.01). The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in ulinas tatin group was higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Ulinastatin has protective effect on lung tissue in septic rats, and it may inhibit the inflammatory response and in the same time plays a role in inhibiting cell apoptosis.

Aim To evaluate the effects of Brucine of restraining transplanted tumor growth,prolonging their survival time and its toxicity on haematopoietic and immune systems as well as hepatic and renal function in mice transplanted with Hepatocarcinoma Heps cells.Methods ICR male mice of Hepatocarcinoma Heps tumor model(Heps mice)was made through Heps cells inoculation.Anti-tumor activity of Brucine was evaluated in terms of tumor inhibitory ratio and life elongational ratio of mice transplanted with Heps tumor.The toxicity of Brucine was measured the mice weight,immune organ weight,blood cell index(leukocyte,erythrocyte,platelet,and hemachrome protein),and hepatic function index(ALT,AST)as well as renal function index(BUN) of Heps mice.Results Brucine had significant restraining effect on the growth of Heps tumor in mice.Its inhibitory rate was 30.34%(1.61 mg?kg~(-1)),46.21%(3.23 mg?kg~(-1))and 42.07%(6.46 mg?kg~(-1))respectively,and 3.23 mg?kg~(-1)(1/20 LD_(50)) was the best dosage of Brucine for treating Heps tumor in vivo,while Brucine had no distinct effect of prolonging the life of Heps mice.Moreover,it enhanced the weight of body and thymus index as well as spleen index,and had no distinct influence on blood cell index as well as ALT,AST and BUN in Heps mice.Conclusion Brucine can inhibit the growth of transplanted Heps tumor,enhance the weight of immune organ index significantly,and has no toxicity on haematopoietic and immune systems as well as hepatic and renal function of mice transplanted with Heps tumor.It may be developed into a promising anticancer drug through further study