Background Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is a gold standard of intraocular pressure measurement.But its utilization iS limited because of its complexity and high requirement of cooperation.iCare rebound tonometer (iCare RBT) is a new type of applanation tonometry,and its accuracy and safety in clinical application need to be evaluated.Objective Present study was to investigate the reproducibility and tolerability of iCare RBT and its measurement agreement with GAT over a wide intraocular pressure (IOP) range. Methods The IOP were measured in bilateral eyes of 36 glaucoma and glaucoma suspect patients by 2 examinees with iCare RBT at the 1-minute interval to assess the interobserver reproducibility.Then the IOP of both eyes from 56 Subjeets and other 52 subjects were separately measured twice for each by two operators with iCare RBT for the evaluation of intraobserver reproducibility.Finally.IOP of 182 eyes of 92 glaucoma and glaucoma suspect patients was obtained by examiner 2 with RBT first and examiner 1 with GAT subsequently at a 2.minute interval in a masked fashion to perform an agreement evaluation of two readings by using Bland-Ahman method.The tolerance of subjects to iCare RBT measurement were surveyed.Oral informed consent was obtained prior to the IOP measurement. Results Concerning the iCare RBT readings.interobserver correlation coefficients were 0.937 in the right eye and 0.887 in the left eye.Intraobserver correlation coefficients of examiner 1 were 0.986 in the left eyes and 0.969 in the fight eyes.And those of examiner 2 were 0.990 and 0.979.Mcan values of iCare RBT readings and GAT were(18.74±8.36)mmHg and(19.33±8.20)mmHg and the mean difference values(iCare-GAT)was(-0.59 4±2.60)mmHg with the 95%confidence interval of -5.80-4.60 mmHg.The correlation coefficient between two modalities of IOP measurement WaS 0.95 1.No severe pain and discomfort were complained in all the subjects during or after measurement of iCare RBT. Conclusion iCare RBT has good interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility and good tolerance.It was proved that this is a good correlation between iCare RBT readings and GAT readings.

To determine the lysis spectrum of Yersinia enterocolitica bacteriophage phiYe-F10 and to analyze the relationship between the lysis ability of phiYe-F10 and the virulence gene of Yersinia enterocolitica. To observe the lysis ability of the phage phiYe-F10 to the different Yersinia strains with the double-layer technique. The strains used in this study including 213 of Yersinia enterocolitica and 36 of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and 1 of Yersinia pestis. The virulence genes of these Yersinia enterocolitica (attachment invasion locus (ail) and enterotoxin (ystA, ystB) and yersinia adhesin A (yadA), virulence factor (virF), specific gene for lipopolysaccharide O-side chain of serotype O : 3 (rfbc) were all detected. Among the 213 Yersinia enterocolitica, 84 strains were O : 3 serotype (78 strains with rfbc gene), 10 were serotype O : 5, 13 were serotype O : 8, 34 were serotype O : 9 and 72 were other serotypes. Of these, 77 were typical pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica harboring with virulence plasmid (ail+, ystA+, ystB-, yadA+, virF+), and 15 were pathogenic bacterial strains deficiency virulence plasmid (ail+, ystA+, ystB-, yadA-, virF-) and the rest 121 were non pathogenic genotype strains. PhiYe-F10 lysed the 71 serotype O : 3 Yersinia enterocolitica strains which were all carried with rfbc+, including 52 pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica, 19 nonpathogenic Y. enterocolitica. The phiYe-F10 can not lysed serotype O : 5, O : 9 and other serotype Y. enterocolitica, the lysis rate of serotype O : 3 was as high as 84.5%. The phiYe-F10 can not lysed Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis. Yersinia phage phiYe-F10 is highly specific for serotype O : 3 Yersinia enterocolitic at 25 degrees C, which showed a typical narrow lysis spectrum. Phage phiYe-F10 can lysed much more pathogenic Y. enterocolitica than nonpathogenic Y. enterocolitica.
Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bacteriophages ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Host Specificity ; Virulence Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Yersinia enterocolitica ; genetics ; metabolism ; virology

Objective To study the life quality and influencing factors for empty nester elderly in rural area in Hunan,and to provide the scientific basis for the effective interventions.Methods The two villages of Yiyang and Huaihua were randomly selected by cluster sampling from June 2011 to December 2011 in Hunan.Data of the world health organizations quality of life instrument-short version (WHOQOL-BREF) was collected by face to face interview with the empty nesters.The risk factors for the quality of life in empty nester elderly in rural area were analyzed by the multiple linear regression analysis.Results A total of 785 valid questionnaires were acquired,among which 472 cases were from empty nester elderly (60.1％,472/785),the average age of them was (69.3±7.3) years,and the male:female ratio was 1.1:1 (250:222).The literacy of 81.8％ of empty nester elderly were under junior middle school,69.7％ of them married with consorts who were still living,74.4％ of them were farmer,75.2％ of them had monthly income under 500 Yuan,56.4％ of them got the income from their own labor,69.9％ of them considered that their relationship with children were harmony.64.2 ％ of empty nester elderly in village suffered from chronic diseases and 16.7 ％ of them suffered from accidental injury within the last one year.The scores in physiological health,psychological health and quality of life were lower in empty nester elderly than in the non-empty nester elderly [(60.8±15.7) vs.(63.1±13.5),(59.0±12.1) w (64.6±17.4),(59.5±9.8) vs.(63.0 ± 10.1),t=3.18,4.43,4.91,all P＜0.05].The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the influencing factors for quality of life in empty nester elderly were education background,marital status,source of finance,relationship with children,chronic disease and accidental injury within the last one year (β=1.693,2.426,0.779,1.060,-7.007,-3.784,all P＜0.05).Conclusions The empty-nest elderly accounts for more than half of the elderly in rural area,who have the lower levels in physio-psychological health and quality of life.We should improve their awareness and knowledge of health,build their harmonious relationship with spouse and children,improve the social security and medical insurance system,actively promote the knowledge of chronic disease and accidental injury,in order to improve the quality of life in empty nester elderly and achieve the healthy aging.

Objective: Based on the data of transcriptome sequencing of Magnolia officinalis, MoDXS1 and MoDXS2 genes were completed in detail by using bioinformatics methods. Methods: MoDXS1 and MoDXS2 genes were analyzed and predicted by the tools of bioinformatics in the following aspects: physical and chemical characteristics of amino acid sequences, function domain, hyophobicity or hydrophilicity, secondary structure and tertiary structure of protein, molecular phylogenetic evolution, and so on; The expression levels of MoDXS1 and MoDXS2 were identified by real-time PCR. Results: ORF Finder indicated that MoDXS1 and MoDXS2 genes were full-length, and they all were unstable hydrophobic proteins; Structural domain of MoDXS1 and MoDXS2 showed high homology with other plants; The secondary structures all were hybrid architecture, and alpha helixes were the major motifs, tertiary structure of protein was predicted by Homology modeling; Sequence alignment that MoDXS family had relative close relationship to the DXS of Nicotiana tabacum, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Arabidopsis thaliana; The results of evolutionary relationship analysis showed that MoDXS1 had relative close relationship to angiosperm, but MoDXS2 was clustered in a clade solely; The expression levels of DXS1 in M. officinalis and M. officinalis var. biloba were not significantly different, but the expression level of DXS2 in M. officinalis var. biloba was higher than that in M. officinalis. By applying the technique of GC-MS, the contents of major volatile components β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide, and β-eudesmol in M. officinalis var. biloba are higher than those in M. officinalis. Conclusion: The results provide theoretical reference for studies on secondary metabolic regulation in terpenoid of M. officinalis.

According to the designed specific primers of gene fragment based on the Salvia miltiorrhiza transcriptome data, a full-length cDNA sequence of SQS2 from S. miltiorrhiza f. alba was cloned by the method of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The SmSQS2 cDNA sequence was obtained, this sequence is named SmSQS2 and its GenBank registration number is KM244731. The full length of SmSQS2 cDNA was 1245 bp, encoding 414 amino acids including 5'UTR 115 bp and 3'UTR 237 bp. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that SmSQS2 had relative close relationship to the SQS2 of S. miltiorrhiza. The induction of E. coli [pET28-SQS2] in different temperature, induction time, IPTG concentrations and density of inducing host bacterium (A600) were performed, Shaking the culture at 30 degrees C until the A600 is approximately 0.6 and add IPTG to final concentration of 0.2 mmol x L(-1), and then the optimal expression of SmSQS2 recombinant protein were accumulated after the induction time of 20 h. The research provided important base for the study of sterol and terpene biosynthesis of SQS2 in S. miltiorrhiza f. alba.
Cloning, Molecular ; Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; classification ; enzymology ; genetics ; Sequence Alignment

Objective To understand the ethics conflict situations between the pre-hospital patients and ambulance staff's determinations. Methods Taking a survey among the pre-hospital emergency physicians(80 people)and nurses(248 people)by Questionnaire of ethics conflicts during pre-hospital emergeney service,to investigate the ethics conflict situations between the pre-hospital patients and ambulance staff's determinations. Resulls (8.046±6.990)%of the patients who needed treatments refused to be treated completely,and(14.544±10.558)%of them refused partially.(14.451±14.747)% of the patients who needed ambulance transport refused to be delivered.In the patients who refused treatments and transportation.payment problem accounted for(23.52±19.79)%,(22.22±20.84)%of them did not believe they needed.(5.77±4.47)%of them wished to die,(19.44.4±18.65)%of them were hard to be idenfified.Other reasons accounted for(30.08±25.78)%.(20.31.4±16.66)% of the patients refused the ambulance crews' judge for some state.(29.66.4±24.02)%of the patients who got the pre-hospital emergency service were not necessary to call an ambulance.(22.1 l±19.52)%of the patients' demand conflicted with pre-hospital emergency services network management system.Conclusions There exists some conflicts between the pre-hospital patients and ambulance crews' determinations.

Objective To explore the value of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in the quantitative analysis of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of the rabbit kidneys . Methods Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to IRI group (n=24, operation with clamping) and Sham group (n=6, operation without clamping). Left renal ischemia-reperfusion was performed by occlusion (calmping) of the left renal arterial for 60 minutes, followed by reperfusion. All the rabbits underwent MRI including T2WI and SWI before and 0.5 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the establishments of models . Three rabbits in IRI group were randomly sacrificed 0.5 h, 12 h, and 24 h after the establishment of model. The rest of the rabbits in IRI group and 6 rabbits in sham group were sacrificed for pathological examination 48 h after the establishment of model All specimen were cut into slices and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Region of interest ( ROI) was manually created by outlining the inner medulla, inner stripe of outer medulla, outer stripe of outer medulla, and cortex, then relative signal-to-noise ratio of the kidney (rSNR) to muscle in SWI sequence was recorded. and compared with histopathologic features. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare difference of rSNR to muscle in respective location at 5 time-points between Sham group and IRI group, and the differences between groups were tested using repetitive measure analysis of variance, repetitive measure analysis of variance was performed to compare difference of rSNR to muscle in respective location at respective time-points between Sham group and IRI group. Results rSNR value in the inner medulla 0.5 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the establishments of models were 0.28 ± 0.04, 0.98 ± 0.14, 0.69 ± 0.07, 0.57±0.06, 0.43±0.03, respectively (F=69.82,P<0.01), the inner stripe of outer medulla at the five time-points 0.08 ± 0.03, 0.57 ± 0.05, 0.32 ± 0.07, 0.16 ± 0.02, 0.04 ± 0.01, respectively(F=16.59,P<0.01), the outer stripe of outer medulla were 0.31 ± 0.04, 0.86 ± 0.09, 0.65 ± 0.07, 0.55 ± 0.06 0.43 ± 0.04(F=67.52,P<0.01), respectively,the cortex 0.05±0.01, 0.80±0.04, 0.68±0.07, 0.47±0.07, 0.36±0.08, respectively(F=118.96,P<0.01). The difference of the rSNR was statistically significant in the inner medulla, inner stripe of outer medulla, outer stripe of outer medulla, and cortex at the five different time-points. The differences between two groups were significant (F=206.29, 14.25, 42.8, 39.12, P all<0.05). The pathological findings in Sham group included normalglomerular structure l, clear cavity of tubular, no interstitial hyperemia and edema. The pathological findings in IRI group demonstated, at 0.5 h after IRI, Bowman's capsule cavity expansion, glomerular shrinkage, swelling of renal tubular epithelial cells, vacuoles degeneration, the tube cavity expansion, interstitial edema and congestion ecta became slender, andat 12 h after IR, Bowman's capsule expansion became more obvious, foam degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells, apoptosis, partial loss of the brush border of the proximal convoluted tubule, formation of protein cast, and a small amount of inflammatory cells appeared in the renal interstitium, swelling of endothelial cells of the vasa recta, congestion of small vessels, and at 24 and 48 h after IRI, more serious injury of renal tubular in the outer stripe of outer medulla , massive necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, apoptosis, parts of the renal tubular had the contour lines, and renal tubular outline, increment in inflammatory cells, red cell and protein cast. Conclusion rSNR of SWI in the inner medulla, inner stripe of outer medulla, outer stripe of outer medulla, and cortex of the kidney varies with the degree of IRI over time, and is consistent with corresponding pathological feature, suggesting SWI is useful imaging tool to detect early damage of renal IRI quantitatively.

Methyl valerate (MVA) pathway is one of the important ways for synthesis of terpenoids. This study was based on data of the transcriptome sequencing of Magnolia officinalis, the associated genes MoACOT, MoHMGS, MoHMGR, MoMK in methyl valerate (MVA) pathway, were completed in detail by using bioinformatics methods. The results of analysis showed that MoACOT and MoMK were stable hydrophobic proteins, MoHMGS and MoHMGR were unstable hydrophobic protein. The secondary structures of all proteins were hybrid architecture,and alpha helical were the major motifs. There were no clear transmembrane domains in MoACOT, MoHMGS and MoMK, but two transmembrane domains were founded in MoHMGR which were from 39-61 aa and 82-104 aa resepectively. The results of evolutionary relationship analysis showed that MoACOT, MoHMGS, MoHMGR and MoMK had relative close relationship to angiosperm or dicotyledonous plants, and accorded with genetic evolution rule. From transcriptome data, transcripted level of MoACOT, MoHMGS, MoHMGR, MoMK in M. officinalis and M. officinalis var. biloba was not significantly different. The result provided theoretical reference for study on Methyl valerate (MVA) pathway of terpenoid of M. officinalis.
Computational Biology ; Genes, Plant ; Magnolia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Terpenes ; metabolism

Twenty-three histone methyltransferase genes were obtained from transcriptome dataset of Lonicera japonica. The nucleotide and proteins characteristics, subcellular localization, senior structural domains and conservative forecasting were analyzed. The result of phylogenetic tree showed that 23 histone methyltransferases were mainly divided into two groups: lysine methyltransferase and arginine methyltransferases. The result of gene expression showed that 23 histone methyltransferases showed preference in terms of interspecies and organs. They were more expressed in buds of L. japonica than in L. japonica var. chinensis and lower in leaves of L. japonica than in L. japonica var. chinensis. Eight genes were specific expressed in flower. These results provided basis for further understanding the function of histone methyltransferase and epigenetic regulation of active ingredients of L. japonica.
Computational Biology ; Gene Expression ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase ; genetics ; Lonicera ; enzymology ; genetics ; Phylogeny

The transcriptome represents the whole complement of RNA transcripts in cells or tissues and reflects the expressed genes at various life stages, tissue types, physiological states, and environmental conditions. Transcriptomics study concerning medicinal plants has become the most active area in medicinal plant genome research. Transcriptome analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of gene expression and its regulation. The study of its transcriptome has great significance in solving the questions of genetic evolution, genetic breeding, ecology and so on. Here we report the application status of transcriptomics in medicinal plants based on emergence, development and methodology of transcriptomics.
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Transcriptome