Prevention and management of glaucoma is a priority task in the second phase of WHO " Vision 2020" project. In order to popularize the knowledge of glaucoma guideline, the author compiles the protocol of glaucoma guideline summary after referring to those deriving from American Academy of Ophthalmology, European Glaucoma Society, and South East Asia Glaucoma Interest Group. The guideline summary is easy to master and verify, and highlight the crucial points. The ISNT rule of neuroretinal rim is used to differentiate diagnosis between the physiological cup and glaucomatous rim lost. Foster's classification for primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is used to select the treatment for PACG. It is emphasized that taking target pressure in the initial diagnosis, monitoring the optic discs and visual field loss in follow-up, and glaucoma screening by non-mydriatic digital fundus camera in the high risk population with screening diabetic retinopathy.

The primary eye care service is still absent in most of primary medical organizations in present China.Since imaging examinations provide main contribution to the diagnosis of eye diseases,ophthalmology and blindness prevention have technical predominance and requiring market in the field of telemedicine or e-healthy.We have explored different paradigms of blindness prevention according to variable levels of the region economy and medical conditions.In the urban community,the paradigm for preventable blindness has been adopted,and however,in the rural areas,the paradigm for curable blindness has been taken.It should be advocated to combine the primary eye care with the primary healthy care.It is in favor of sharing information,enhancing efficiency,improving quality, as well as entire orientation management to carry out digitalized ophthalmology regional cooperative medical service.Moreover,governmental leading function and policy sustaining are needed to complete the reform.

[Objective]To explore the rabbits' lipid peroxidation and cytokine level change caused by endotoxemia,use EPO for intervention.[Method]Bleed rabbits femoral for shock,after coming to,make injection of endotoxin,two beatings make dysfunctional multi-organs model;randomly divide 24 healthy rabbits into control group(1),2-beating group(2),EPO group(3),8 in each;take blood for testing indexes of TNF?,IL6,IL10 and MDA.[Result]Group 2 was higher than other groups on MDA level,group 3 less than group 2;group 2 was much higher than other 2 groups on TNF?,IL6 and IL10,group 3 less than group 2.[Conclusion]The cytokines and lipid peroxidation participating in the course of multi-organ injury caused by blood loss shock and endotoxemia can be reduced by EPO.

Health Promotion ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Occupational Health ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Risk Assessment

Multidrug-resistant organisms are growing worldwide public health problem and few therapeutic options remain available.The traditional antimicrobials (glycopeptides) for multidrug-resistant Grampositive infections are declining in efficacy.New antimicrobials that are presently available are linezolid,daptomicin and tigecycline,which have well-defined indications for severe multidrug-resistant organisms infections.Unfortunately,the therapies available for multidrug-resistant Gram-negatives including carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacteriaceae are limited to colistin and tigecycline only.Distribution of multidrug-resistant organisms are changing in recent years.Strains of multidrug-resistant organisms were dominated by Gram-negative bacteria in most hospital particularly in intensive care unit.Multidrug-resistant/pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii are increasing rapidly in trend.Strategy that includes surveillance,infection control procedures,isolation and antimicrobial principle should be emphasized and implemented to reduce multidrug-resistant organism diffusion.

This report concerns an observation on the biological properties of orthomyxoviruses type A in the condition of symbiosis with streptococcus A in embryonated eggs. The results show that both the viruses and the streptococci multiply normally in the condition of symbiosis and that the activity of the virus neuraminidase enhances, with the speed of the virus disassociating from RBC increasing. The morphological changes of the virus were observed also by transmission electron microscopy. The reason of these changes is discussed,

To explore the relationship between endometriosis with menstruation as well as gestational status. [Methods] Case- group comparative trial was applied to investigate the menstruation as well as gestational status in 91 cases of endometriosis and 67 cases of non - endometriosis in the same period. [ Results ] Single - factor analysis showed that primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea were the risk factors of endometriosis. Age of primigravida and primiparity at 24 or less, times of pregnancy over 2 and the application of contraceptive device were the possibly protective factors. Unconditional logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea were the risk factors of endometriosis, and there was a positive interaction between the age of primigravida and the application of contraceptive device. [Conclusion] Primary dysmenorrhea was the risk factor of endometriosis.

In order to make the best of the medical equipment and avoid repetitive purchase,our hospital establishes a medical equipment communion-center,the section offices of which are responsible for keeping the occasionally-used but indispensable equipment.The equipment managed by the Medical Affairs Office and the Medical Engineering Office could be lent to any section offices in the hospital,thus not only facilitating medical treatment but reducing expenses.

Objective To evaluate the clinical results of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)creation with 8 mm diameter covered stent-graft. Methods Ninteen concecutive patients with portal hypertension underwent TIPS creation with 8 mm diameter covered stent-graft for variceal bleeding and/or refractory ascites. Evaluation of the results through observing the improvement of clinical symptom and periodic follow up was carried out. Results Technical success achieved in all patients reaching 100% without related complications. Median follow-up was 13.5 months(ranged, 2.7 - 28 months). One case(1/19,5.3%)showed aggravation of hepatoencephalopathy and 2 others(2/19, 10.5%)revealed rebleeding. The primary patency rate was 100%(16/16)after 6 months, and 87.5%(7/8)after 12 months. Improvement or resolved rate of ascites was 66.7% (12/18). Conclusion TIPS creation with 8 mm diameter covered stent-graft can degrade the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy, improve the rate of TIPS patency and keeping the effective shunt flow.

Extracellular purine and pyrimidine nucleotides produce the biologic effects involved in activating P2 receptors.P2 receptors are divided P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes.There is molecular and functional evidence for widespread expression of P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes in osteoblasts,osteoclasts and cartilage cells of the skeletal system.Working through P2 receptors,ATP and other nucleotides released into the bone microenvironment regulate formation and activity of bone and cartilage,including development,growth,turnover and repair of biological functions.The release of nucleotides is increased under inflammatory conditions,and localized ATP release could stimulate formation and activation of osteoclasts.Abnormalities of bone remodelling can produce a variety of skeletal disorders.P2 receptors play an important role in the inflammatory disease of bone.