Tumor progression is often associated with immune suppression or the ability of the tumors to avoid immune surveillance.Immunotherapy improves the ability of the immune system to recognize and clear tumor cells with a little influence on the normal tissues.Immunotherapy is a hot spot in the research of advanced esophageal cancer.Innnunotherapy of esophageal cancer includes immune checkpoint inhibitors,adoptive cellular immunotherapy,tumor vaccines and antibody therapy.At present,a large number of clinical trials are underway to evaluate the role of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer.Checkpoint inhibitors represented by Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab,has achieved initial success in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer to improve the prognosis and life quality of esophageal cancer patients.In the future,further studies are needed to have a research on the effects of tumor heterogeneity,prediction of therapeutic targets,and immune tolerance.

Objective To study of vascular false as the clinical effect and safety of acromastitis were treated by com -pound anisodine treatment , to provide reference for the treatment of vascular pseudo optic .Methods From June 2013 to June 2015, 132 cases of patients with vascular pseudo optic papilla in our hospital were selected as the observation objects , and were divided into observation group and control group each 66 cases according to the treatment method .The control group was treated with routine drug therapy , and the observation group in the control group on the basis of daily injections of Com -pound Anisodine Hydrobromide Injection .Two groups before and after the treatment of vision changes , and the treatment of safety and efficacy were compared .Results The curative effect:The two groups of patients after treatment were improved , but the observation group was significantly higher than the control group after treatment ;The cure rate and total effective rate of the observation group were 39.51%and 88.89%respectively, which was significantly higher than the control group of 24. 36%and 73.08%, and had better curative effect in observation group .Security aspect:The total incidence of adverse reac-tions in the observation group and the treatment group was 10.61%, significantly less than 24.24% of the control group, higher safety .Conclusion In the treatment of vascular pseudoaneurysms as papillitis drugs , the curative effect of compound anisodine is much better with better security , which can significantly improve the visual acuity of the patients .

Objective:To study the effect of exogenous hyaluronidase on proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro.Methods:The proliferation of human breast cancer cell line ZR-75-30 were detected by MTT-assay and flow cytometry.Results:The absorbency value(A) of ZR-75-30 in study group treated with Hyase (0.674?0.221) was significantly higher than that in control group(0.563?0.046).The percentage of phase S cells in study group(18.36?0.65) was higher than that in control group(2.19?0.10);the percentage of phase G0/G1 cells in study group(44.49?4.33) was lower than that in control group(62.14?26.97).The absorbency value(A) of MDA-MB-435 in study group (0.674?0.221) was significantly higher than that in control group(0.563?0.046).The absorbency valve(A) of MDA-MB-231 in study group (0.674?0.221) was significantly higher than that in control group(0.563?0.046).Conclusion:Exogenous hyaluronidase may promote the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines in vitro.

Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) family plays an important role in the development of gastric cancer. EGFR-targeted therapeutic agents include extracellular monoclonal antibodies and intracellular tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Many new agents such as trastuzumab, cetuximab, panitumumab and lapatinib, have been tested in randomized phase Ⅲ clinical trials. Results from ToGA trial may shed some light on the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.

Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (commonly known as black widow spiders) have toxins not only in their venom glands, but also in other parts of their body, in their eggs and even in the newborn spiderlings. The study on the toxins in venom and materials outside the venom glands of the spiders to elucidate their differences and similarities, evolutional relationship and biological functions is of important theoretical and applicable significance. The development of modern protein chemistry and proteomics techniques has provided efficient means for the study of protein and peptide toxins of L. tredecimguttatus. By using such techniques, the molecular base and action mechanism of the toxins can be revealed at the levels of both single purified proteins and omics. Up to now, although protein chemistry and proteomics study on L. tredecimguttatus toxins have achieved a certain progress, the relevant work particularly that on the toxins in the materials outside the venom glands has to be further deepened.
Animals ; Arthropod Proteins ; chemistry ; Black Widow Spider ; chemistry ; Proteomics ; Venoms ; chemistry

Objective To identify the molecular characteristics on nucleotide and amino acid in E gene through the comparative analysis of differences between genotype 3 Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)in China and the live attenuated vaccine(SA14-14-2).Methods Obtained the E gene nucleotide sequence of Japanese encephalitis virus from GenBank.Multiple alignment and amino acid(AA)analysis were carried out by Clustal X(1.81),DNAStar and GENEDOC(3.2).According to the ribbon diagram of the E protein structure based on the model of the soluble fragment of tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV)as a template for Japanese encephalitis virus E protein amino acid sequence analysis.Results Compared different regions and different host genotype 3 JEV with SA14-14-2 the nucleotide sequence homology was,up 96%and 95% and the amino acid homology was up 95%and 94%,respectively.The nucleotide and amino acid homology was higher among the same area and the same host.Ten common amino acid variations and five special variations(E160 in domain Ⅰ,E123 and E227 in domain Ⅱ,E441 and E487 in non-structural domain)were found between genotype 3 JEV and SA14-14-2.Conclusion The homology in E gene was higher between genotype 3 JEV in China and SA14-14-2.Five special amino acid differences were found in genotype 3 JEV.The existing live attenuated vaccine strain is theoretically possible to protect genotype 3 JEV in China.

BACKGROUND:Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cel s have the potential to differentiate into insulin-secreting cel s and have immunomodulatory effects. Additional y, it has been clinical y proved that Gegen Qin Lian Tang can lower blood sugar. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Gegen Qin Lian Tang combined with human amniotic mesenchymal stem cel transplantation on rat early diabetic retinopathy, by detecting pathological changes, levels of blood indicators and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor in retinal tissues. METHODS:By intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, 42 Wistar rat models with diabetes mel itus were prepared and then randomly divided into model group, human amniotic mesenchymal stem cel transplantation group (cel transplantation group) and combination of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cel s and Gegen Qin Lian Tang group (combination group). At 4 weeks after transplantation, levels of blood sugar and serum insulin in diabetic rats were detected;pathological changes of the retina in diabetic rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Besides, expressions of CD45 and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA were detected using immunohistochemistry staining and RT-PCR technology, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the model group, the levels of blood glucose and serum insulin in both cel transplantation and combination groups were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, and these changes were even more significant in the combination group (P<0.05). In the model group, the retinal edema could be found, accompanied by structural disorder and irregular cel arrangement, while these retinal lesions were relatively milder in the cel transplantation group and significantly improved in the combination group. In addition, the CD45 expression and in the retina was highest in the model group subsequently fol owed by the cel transplantation group (P<0.05) and lowest in the combination group (P<0.05). Furthermore, compared with the model group, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA was also significantly lower in the other two groups, especial y in the combination group (P<0.05). These data show that Gegen Qin Lian Tang combined with human amniotic mesenchymal stem cel transplantation improves the severity of diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting expressions of CD45 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the retinal tissues.

Objective To research the effect of type 2 diabetes on collagen content in different organsinOLETFrats.Methods 24maleOLETFratsweregivenhigh‐caloriedietfor30weekstoset up the T2DM. At the 30th week ,16 male T2DM OLETF rats were selected as case group ,and 12 LETO rats were used as control group. The skin ,liver ,and femur tissue were collected at the same time. HE and Masson staining and immunohistochemical test were performed to measure the content of collagen and HPLC was used to detect hydroxyproline. Results Compared with the NC group ,DM group showed the collagen fibers were decreased in femoral and skin tissue ,but increased in liver tissue. The collagen content of the skin tissue was significantly lower in DM group than in NC group [(149.9 ± 18.4) vs (266.0 ± 54.8)mg/g ,P<0.01] ,and the collagen content of the femur tissue was also lower in DM group than in NC group [(185.60 ± 19.38) vs (243.27 ± 22.19)mg/g ,P<0.05]. In contrary ,the collagen content of liver tissue was higher in DM group than in NC group [(134.54 ± 18.78) vs (64.52 ± 21.51) mg/g ,P<0.01]. Conclusion The effect of type 2 diabetes on the collagen in different organs is different. The collagen content decreases in the femoral and skin tissue but increases in the liver.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important immunosuppressive role during the tumor development process.And the progression of many tumors are always accompanied with abnormal accumulation of MDSCs.Moreover,both the accumulation and functions of MDSCs could be affected by complicated factors.Therefore,how to effectively reduce the immunosuppressive effects of MDSCs in oncotherapy has become the focus of scholars.Recent studies show that anti-tumor drugs can affect many biological behaviors of MDSCs.

Impedance cardiography,being developed recently,is a noninvasive cardiovascular monitoring technique.In this study,fifty-eight patients undergoing open-heart operations were monitored pre-and posto-peratively by impedance cardiography.It was shown that the results were comparable with the results of other authors using indicator-dilution curves.EVI greater than 1.0?/s indicated normal cardiac fun-ction while EVI less than 0.8?/s indicated markedly subnormal cardiac function.The results indicated that EVI was a sensitive and reliable parameter to estimate myocardial function.TEI less than 1.9? was usually associated with abnormal arterial blood gas analysis,so TFI was useful to assess postoper- ative respiration insufficiency.It was concluded that impedance cardiography was helpful and dependable-in early postoperative patient care in cardiac surgery and it had the advantage of continuous,noniuva-sive,real-time monitoring.