Objective:To study the anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic mechanisms of sinomenine, a pure alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medical plant sinomeniuim acutum, on cytokines-related genes modulation. Methods: Cultured normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cytes(PBMIN) with sinomenine in vitro, isolated total RNA from different groups of treated and controlled cells to investigate the effects on mRNA expression of IL-1?, LL-8 with LPS stimulation by one-step and two-step RT-PCR techniques. Results: The results from the one-step RTPCR showed that the inhibition ratio on IL-l?mRNA expression in the group of mmol/L sinomenine was about( 15.7?5.52) % ; with two-step RT-PCR techneque demonstrated that the inhibition ratio of sinomenine in the group of sinomenine with the concentration of 1 mmol/L, 100 umol/L on IL-1?mRNA expression were ahout( 17.07 ? 7 .69)% ,(25 .99 ? .84)% respectively and the inhitition ratio in the group with sinomenine concentration of 1 mmol/L,100umol/L on IL-8mRNA expression were(2l.01 ?7.79)%,(16.04?7.55)% respectively .Conclusion: The therapeutic effects of sinomenine on rheumatoid arthritis(RA) may partially related to downregulating gene expression of IL-1?, IL-8 cytokines of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Dental Pulp Cavity ; Humans ; Root Canal Preparation ; Root Canal Therapy

Humans ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Singapore ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Intestinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging*

Primary age-related tauopathy (PART) is characterized by tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the absence of amyloid plaque pathology. In the present study, we analyzed the distribution patterns of phosphorylated 43-kDa TAR DNA-binding protein (pTDP-43) in the brains of patients with PART. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence double-labeling in multiple brain regions was performed on brain tissues from PART, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and aging control cases. We examined the regional distribution patterns of pTDP-43 intraneuronal inclusions in PART with Braak NFT stages > 0 and ≤ IV, and a Thal phase of 0 (no beta-amyloid present). We found four stages which indicated potentially sequential dissemination of pTDP-43 in PART. Stage I was characterized by the presence of pTDP-43 lesions in the amygdala, stage II by such lesions in the hippocampus, stage III by spread of pTDP-43 to the neocortex, and stage IV by pTDP-43 lesions in the putamen, pallidum, and insular cortex. In general, the distribution pattern of pTDP-43 pathology in PART cases was similar to the early TDP-43 stages reported in AD, but tended to be more restricted to the limbic system. However, there were some differences in the distribution patterns of pTDP-43 between PART and AD, especially in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Positive correlations were found in PART between the Braak NFT stage and the pTDP-43 stage and density.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inclusion Bodies ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neurons ; metabolism ; pathology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Tauopathies ; metabolism ; pathology