BACKGROUND:The combination of anterior and posterior approaches for severe cervical intervertebral disk herniation, posterior longitudinal ligament calcification and ligament flava hyperplasia can completely reduce compression. Simultaneously, cage implantation and anterior plate fixation partial y recover vertebral interspace and physiological curvature of cervical vertebra.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of cervical posterior single-door laminoplasty for cervical spondylosis and anterior cage-assisted fusion on curvature, stability and axial symptoms after treatment.
METHODS:Clinical data of 50 patients, who received surgical treatment for cervical spondylosis, were retrospectively analyzed. 22 cases underwent I-stage spinal decompression by the combination of anterior and posterior approaches (anterior fusion cage+steel plate fixation) (combination group). 28 cases underwent cervical posterior single-door laminoplasty (posterior windowing rivet fixation) (posterior approach group). They were fol owed up for 6 to 24 months. The recovery of neurological function, incidence of axial symptoms, cervical curvature index, and slipping degree of affected intervertebral segments were analyzed statistical y.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The neurological functions were greatly improved according to Japanese Orthopaedic Association in both groups. Incidence of axial symptoms was relatively low in the combination group. Cervical curvature index was obviously improved in the combination group compared with the posterior approach group. The slipping degree of affected intervertebral segments was relatively greater in the posterior approach group than that in the combination group. Results suggested that fusion cage, anterior steel plate and posterior rivet for spinal decompression in I-stage combination of anterior and posterior approaches can effectively maintain cervical physiological curvature and the balance of sagittal level, reduce incidence of axial symptoms, and play a key effect on keeping posttreatment long-period cervical stability.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and the endocrine changes in children with craniopharyngioma,and to improve the pediatrician understanding of the disease.Methods The study subjects consisted of 14 children with craniopharyngioma admitted to the Department of Endocrinology,Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from Jan.2004 to Dec.2012.All the patients were followed up to analyze the clinical symptoms improvement,endocrine test results and medication,et al.Results The main clinical manifestations were headache (7/14 cases,50.0％),growth retardation(4/14 cases,28.6％),vomiting (4/14 cases,28.6％),polydipsia/ polyuria (3/14 cases,21.4％) and vision diminution (3/14 cases,21.4％).Three patients didn' t undergo the surgery,and 3 cases with diabetes insipidus and 2 cases with growth hormone deficiency,and 1 case with central hypothyroidism by laboratory test.The rest 11 children received surgery and all patients had changes in endocrine after it.Five cases got polydipsia and polyuria,other 5 cases had electrolyte disturbances,and 2 cases had epilepsy.Nine patients were followed up,and the follow-up duration ranged from 5 months to 10 years [(3.29 ± 3.52) years] after surgery.Seven patients got better and 2 patients got worse.Conclusions For clinical symptoms of increased intracranial pressure,changes in endocrine,the vision and visual field,the possibility of craniopharyngioma should be taken into account.Surgery is the main treatment,but it can lead to the damage of hypothalamus and pituitary gland.Changes in endocrine,electrolyte disturbances and epilepsy are the common complications.According to the level of endocrine,longterm hormone replacement therapy for some postoperative patients should be continued.

Objective To explore the value of the histogram of ultrasound in diagnosing and grading of fatty liver. Methods Ninety subjects were enrolled in normal group, light or moderate to severe fatty liver group (each n=30), respectively. All the subjects underwent histogram of ultrasound of the liver, kidney, spleen and right hepatic vein (RHV), and the ratio of histogram M value of different area were analyzed. Results Statistical differences of the ratio of histogram M value of anterior hepatic tissue of kidney and kidney (AntK) between normal group and two fatty liver groups were detected (P<0.05). The ratio of histogram M value of anterior hepatic tissue of RHV and RHV (AntV) between the normal group and moderate to severe fatty liver group, as well as the light and moderate to severe fatty liver group had statistical differences (P<0.05). When 0.97, 0.78 were used respectively as the critical value of the ratio of histogram M value in diagnosing and grading of fatty liver at AntK and AntV, the sensitivity was all 80.00% and 80.00%, specificity was 85.00% and 70.00%, respectively. Conclusion The ratio of histogram M value of AntK, AntV can be used as the referent index in diagnosing and grading of fatty liver.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on platelet during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods A total of 24 patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=12) and the control group (n=12).The levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1?(6-K-PGF1?) in serum were measured at different intervals during and after CPB. The ultrastructure of platelets was also observed by transmission electron microscope.Results The levels of TXB2 and 6-K-PGF1? during CPB were significantly higher than those before CPB in the both groups(P

Objective:To investigate the effect of compound Sanggou granules on the activity of Fib, AT-Ⅲ, t-PA, PAI-1 and t-PA/ PAI-1 in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: The hyperlipidemic rat model was established by feeding high fat diet to SD male rats. Sixty healthy SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: the normal diet control group, high fat control group, high dose drug group, low dose drug group and fluvastatin sodium group. Four weeks after the administration, the blood samples were withdrawn for the determination of the levels of blood lipid, Fib, A-Ⅲ, t-PA, PAI-1 and t-PA/ PAI-1. Results:Compared with those of the normal diet control group, the levels of TC, LDL-C, Fib and PAI-1 were increased and the levels of HDL-C, t-PA , AT-Ⅲand t-PA/ PAI-1 were decreased significantly (P<0. 01) in the high fat control group. Compared with those of the high fat control group, the levels of TC, LDL-C, PAI-1 and Fib were decreased(P<0. 01 or P<0. 05),and the levels of HDL-C, t-PA AT-Ⅲ and t-PA/PAI-1 were in-creased significantly in the high dose drug group (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). The similar effects were shown in the fluvastatin sodium group with the stability of AT-Ⅲ. The levels of TC, LDL-C and PAI-1 were decreased and the levels of t-PA/PAI-1 were increased no-tably in the low dose drug group. Conclusion: Compound Sanggou granules exhibit hypolipidemic effect in hyperlipidemic rats, and can improve hypercoagulability and enhance anticoagulation and fibrinolytic activity in hyperlipidemic rats. Furthermore, compound Sanggou granules at high dose show the same effect as fluvastatin sodium, even in anticoagulation, the granules are superior to fluvasta-tin sodium.

Mononuclear cells(MNCs) isolatedfrommammal'sbonemarrowandperipheral bloodbymeansof Ficoll density grandient centrifugation,which are composed of monocytes and lymphocytes,can differentiate into different progenitor cells with different functions in the development of atherosclerosis under different inducing conditions. This article described the induction conditions of MNCs,the identification methods of different progenitor cells,and the relationship between these progenitor cells and the development of atherosclerosis,thus provide a new idea for the prevention of the atherosclerosis.

Objective To assess the ability of quantitative ultrasound index to predict the severity of CCl4?induced liver fibrosis in a rat model us?ing logistic regression analysis. Methods In a rat model of 40%CCl4?induced liver fibrosis,ultrasound detected the portal vein diameter,blood flow velocity,and Young's modulus. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was determined using a light microscope after hematoxylin and eosin staining of tissue. Results Portal vein diameter and Young's modulus were useful predictors of the severity of liver fibrosis,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Young's modulus was most effective with an R2 value 0.788. Young's modulus combined with the distal diameter of portal vein effectively improved the predictive ability,showing an R2 value 0.821. Conclusion Young's modulus is the most predictive index to assess the severity of liver fibrosis. A combination of multiple indices can improve the ability to predict the severity of liver fibrosis.

Background and purpose: Thyroid carcinoma cells spread mainly through lymph node metastasis, and lymphangiogenesis plays an important role during the lymph node metastasis, but it is not very clear to understand the formation mechanism. This study was to investigate the correlative expressions of HPSE, VEGF-C, D2-40 and lymphangiogenesis in thyroid carcinoma. Methods: Immunohistochemistry SP method was used to detect the expressions of HPSE, VEGF-C and D2-40 in 77 patients with thyroid carcinoma including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC),medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), 32 of them with lymph node metastasis was enrolled into the study, D2-40 stained the lymphatic vessels, and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was scanned under the light-microscope, and the correlation among the above indexes in different thyroid carcinoma types were analyzed respectively. Results: The expressions of HPSE, VEGF-C and D2-40 were observed to have a different degree in thyroid carcinoma, and the highest expression of the protein could be seen in the patients with papillary carcinoma (P<0.05),The expression ratios of HPSE,VEGF-C and D2-40 in different carcinoma types were 54.9%, 68.6%, 12.8±5.7 for PTC, 37.5%, 50%, 8.6±1.7 for FTC, 20% and 20%, 4.9±0.8 for MTC, respectively. There were significant different expressions of HPSE, VEGF-C and D2-40 between the patients with lymph node-positive group and node-negative group (P=0.014, P=0.048, respectively). In addition, the expressions of them were positively correlated (P<0.001, r=0.616). Conclusion: HPSE, VEGF-C and D2-40 have a close relationship with lymph node metastasis, HPSE and VEGF-C are related to the lymphangiogenesis.

Objective To investigate the association of prevalence of periodontitis with metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods Data were analyzed from 1 650 Uygur rural residents in Moyu County. The subjects, aged over 18 years, were sampled randomly from 15 villages out of total 364 villages. Questionnaire, oral examination, and blood biochemical indicators were collected. The subjects were divided into groups with and without periodontitis based on chronic periodontitis diagnostic criteria, and the group with periodontitis was further divided into subgroups, each with mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis respectively. The diagnosis of MS was madeaccording to the definition of the International Diabetes Federation in 2005. Results Among 1 415 subjects whosedata were complete, there were 275 ( 19.4% ) subjects with MS and 934 (66.0%) subjects with periodontitis. The prevalence of MS was higher in the group with periodontitis than that without perionontitis (23.1% vs 12.3%, x2=23.9, P<0. 001 ). The prevalence of MS was increased with the grade of periodontitis, being 19.8%, 20.8%,27.6% in the mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis groups, respectively(x2= 31.9, P<0. 001 ). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of MS increased with the grade of periodontitis, with OR 1. 6, 1.7,1.9, respectively, in the groups with mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis compared with that without perionontitis ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ). Conclusions The prevalence of MS was related to periodontitis in the Uygur nationality and increased with the grade of periodontitis.

Objective To study the pathological alterations,such as oxidative stress,cell proliferation and insulin resistance,especially autophagy,in Alzheimer' s disease (AD) complicated with type 2 diabetes (AD + T2DM).Methods The mouse models of T2DM,AD and AD + T2DM were used in the study,and totally 80 mice were divided into four groups:control group,T2DM group,AD group and AD + T2DM group.Morris water maze was applied to test the ability of learning and memory among the above mentioned groups.In the meantime,insulin resistance index,the expression of insulin receptor substrate 2,oxidative stress,cell proliferation and autophagy were observed with chemical analysis,immunofluorescent labeling,transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting.Results On day 4,the difference of time to find Morris water maze in control group,T2DM group,AD group and AD + T2DM group ((26.08 ±4.93) s,(38.46 ± 4.07) s,(47.32 ± 5.86) s,(53.01 ± 6.12) s,F =2.454,P =0.025) was statistically significant,and the time in AD + T2DM group was longer than that in AD group (t =-3.624,P =0.033).Compared with control group,insulin resistance occurred in T2DM group,AD group and AD + T2DM group (4.35 ± 0.48,16.12 ± 3.57,7.03 ± 3.11,18.78 ± 5.06,F =5.602,P =0.009),and the reduction of insulin receptor substrate 2 expression,the oxidative stress reaction,neural proliferative suppression and autophagy (F =418.344,222.514,436.250,113.934,23.772,35.469,all P ＜ 0.05) were induced in T2DM group,AD group and AD + T2DM group,which were more serious in AD + T2DM group than in AD group (t =-2.796,21.723,-8.041,9.037,-4.403,-32.011,-26.593,all P ＜0.05).Conclusion AD + T2DM mice suffered more serious cognitive impairment than AD and T2DM mice.The oxidative stress levels of AD + T2DM mice were upregulated,and thus led to the inhibition of cell proliferation,eventually leading to promotion of autophagy.