BACKGROUNDBenign prostate hyperplasia is one of the most common diseases affecting the health of the aging males. Watchful waiting is an acceptable management strategy for benign prostate hyperplasia in which the patient is monitored by the physician but receives no active intervention. The epidemiological data on this are lacking in China. Our study was designed to evaluate the changes of signs and symptoms of patients with benign prostate hyperplasia during management by watchful waiting in China.

METHODSOne hundred and forty-five patients with benign prostate hyperplasia aged > 50 years were enrolled in management by watchful waiting. All the patients were visited every 6 months and were given an International Prostate Symptom Score and Quality of Life questionnaire to complete. They also had uroflowmetry and were assessed using ultrasonography to get the volume of prostate, transition zone and amount of residual urine. The Student's t test, the Chi-square test, and variance analysis were used in the statistical analysis.

RESULTSAll patients were visited after 6 months, the mean volume of transitional zone was found to have increased by 1.6 ml (P < 0.01), International Prostate Symptom Score was increased by 0.8 (P < 0.01) and Quality of Life was increased by 0.2 (P < 0.01), and there was no statistical change in other data. Among these patients, 17.9% (26/145) visited again after 12 months when the data failed to show a statistically significant difference among the three groups (0, 6, and 12 months).

CONCLUSIONSAfter one year's follow-up, the progression of benign prostate hyperplasia was slow and the clinical data did not undergo much change.

Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; psychology ; therapy ; Quality of Life

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)in treating renal calculi.Methods The data of 118 patients with renal calculi who had underg- one PCNL from July 2002 to August 2004 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 86 men and 32 women. The mean age was 39 years(range,7-68 years).Of the 118 cases,11 had pelvic calculi,16 had calyx cal- culi,35 had pelvocalyceal calculi,54 had staghorn calculi,and 2 had bilateral renal calculi.The mean stone size was 2.5 cm?1.5cm(ranged from 2.0 cm?1.0 cm to 4.5cm?4.0cm).Results Of the 118 ca- ses,112 underwent one-stage PCNL,and 6,two-stage PCNL.The procedure was performed by single tract in 114 cases,and by two tracts in 4 cases.Lithotomy was done by one session in 60 cases,by 2 sessions in 42 cases,and by 3 sessions in 16 cases.The total stone clearance rate was 81.4%.The mean operative time was 120 min,and mean hospital stay was 15 d.No blood transfusion was needed during operation,and only one patient experienced bleeding(about 500 ml)after 4 d postoperatively,and was cured by conservative treat- ment such as blood transfusion and anti-inflammation.No major complications were observed in other pa- tients.Conclusions PCNL has advantages of minimal trauma,less blood loss,fewer complications,and is safe and effective in treating renal calculi,especially for patients who will have the second procedure.

Objective: In this research, the influence of breviscapine on anxiety, fear elimination, and aggression and the potential mechanism was investigated. Methods: Anxiety and locomotion were analyzed by elevated plus maze and open field test in mice. Bussey-Saksida Mouse Touch Screen Chambers were used to perform fear conditioning. Territorial aggression was assessed by resident intruder test. Protein levels were evaluated by Western blot. Breviscapine improved fear-extinction learning in BALB/cJ mice. Results: Breviscapine at 20–100 mg/kg increased center cross number, total distance traveled, and velocity in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, breviscapine at 20–100 mg/kg decreased the immobility time in open field test. In addition, breviscapine at 20–100 mg/kg increased the ratio of time on the open arm, time on the distal parts of the open arm, and total distance traveled in elevated plus maze. Breviscapine at 100 mg/kg increased the average attack latency and decreased the number of attacks over the last 3 days of resident intruder test. In hippocampus, protein levels of postsynaptic density protein-95 and synaptophysin were elevated by breviscapine at these three doses. Conclusion The administration of breviscapine alleviates fear extinction, anxiety, and aggression, while increases locomotor in a dose-dependent manner, which might be associated with its influence on synaptic function.

BACKGROUNDDouble plate osteosynthesis is the standard treatment for intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus. However, there is still controversy concerning dual plate positions in terms of providing optimal stability. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical outcomes in patients with type C intra-articular distal humeral fractures using perpendicular and parallel plating methods.

METHODSBetween March 2008 and June 2011, a total of 45 patients with type C distal humerus fractures were treated using two different dual plating methods. Of them, 24 patients were treated by perpendicular plating (group I) and 21 patients were treated by parallel plating (group II). The surgical time, blood loss, and union time were compared between the two groups. The flexion-extension arc, the total range of flexion and extension at the end of follow-up were compared between the two groups. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was used to determine the elbow functional results.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up. The mean duration of follow-up was 16 months (range 12 - 25 months) in group I and 15.5 months in group II (range 12 - 25 months). There were no significant differences in the surgical time, blood loss, and the bone union time between the two groups. In group I, the mean elbow flexion-extension arc was 101° and the mean MEPS was 85 points. The rate of excellent and good results was 87.5%. In group II, the mean flexion-extension arc was 100° and the mean MEPS was 86.1 points. The rate of excellent and good results was 90.5%. There were no significant differences in the MEPS, flexion-extension arc, and the total range of flexion and extension between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSPerpendicular and parallel plate configurations with the appropriate surgical techniques can provide anatomical reconstruction and stable fixation of type C intra-articular distal humeral fractures and allow early mobilization of the elbow after an operation. The occurrence of post-operative elbow stiffness can be reduced and good outcomes can be obtained.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of tibial shaft fractures treatment with plate-screw or intramedullary interlocking nail.

METHODSThirty-five fractures were treated with intramedullary interlocking nail. Tape A, B and C were 11, 18 and 6 cases respectively according to AO classification. Forty-five fractures were treated with plate-screw system. Type A,B and C were 10,22 and 13 cases respectively. The mean time between injury and operation was 3 days and 3.5 days respectively. The patients were evaluated with operation time,range of motion,time of bone union,and complications after a mean followup of 13 months(range 8 to 26 months).

RESULTSThe mean operation time and the mean range of motion of the ankle and knee were found similar in both groups. The average dorsiflexion angle of ankle was 13 Degrees (0 degrees to 20 degrees) in locked intramedullary nailing group and 11 degrees (0 degree to 20 degrees) in plate group. The average plantar flextion angle of ankle was 41 degrees (30 degrees to 50 degrees) in locked intramedullary nailing group and 47 degrees (30 degrees to 50 degrees) in plate-screw group. The mean time of bone union was 3.3 months with intramedullary nailing and 3.5 months with plate-screw fixation. Length discrepancy occurred in only two patients (2 and 2.5 cm) with intramedullary interlocking nail. One patient treated by intramedullary interlocking nail for a type III open fracture occured osteomyelitis. Plain radiographs showed rotation in two patients with intramedullary interlocking nail and angulation in 3 patients with plate-screw fixation, which were distal-third tibial fractures.

CONCLUSIONPlate-screw osteosynthesis could attain satisfactory results in uncomminuted tibia shaft fractures, and locked intramedullary nailing is more appropriate in comminuted fractures.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Nails ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of cycloheximide and TNF-alpha on melanocyte (MC).

METHODSMelanocyte apoptosis was studied with MTT, transmitting electron microscopy and fluorescence labeling of alive cells.

RESULTSWe added TNF-alpha and cycloheximide in melanocytes, and the typical apoptosis appeared 24 hours later, with chromatin condensation, nuclear pyknosis and apoptotic bodies formation. The results of cytometry showed the typical apoptotic peak.

CONCLUSIONTNF-alpha and cycloheximide together could inhibit MC proliferation and induce MC apoptosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Cycloheximide ; pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Melanocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; Middle Aged ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; pharmacology ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the characterization of the complete genome of EV71 in Beijing, 2008 and to provide basis for selecting appropriate virus strain to develop vaccine. Methods 12 throat swab samples were collected from children with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD). One sample named 08YM-3 was cultured and isolated in vero cells. Viral RNA was extracted and carried out by RT-PCR and 5' , 3' rapid amplification of eDNA ends (RACE) to obtain the sequence from 08YM-3. PCR products were cloned and analyzed. Nucleotide identity between sequences was calculated and sequence alignments were made to generate phylogenetic trees using MegAlign in DNAStar. Results 3 clones were constructed that covered EV71 complete genome. Data from sequences analysis showed that this viral strain named BJ08 shared 95.6%-96.7%, 88.3%-96.1%,78.1%-94.0%,90.8%-94.6%, 85.9%-94.1% and 90.9%-93.9% in 5' UTR, PI, P2, P3, 3' UTR region and complete genome with C4 subtype, respectively. B J08 showed low nucleotides identity (<90%) with other subtypes. Phylogenetic trees established from alignment of the complete genome and VPI region indicated that B J08 belonged to C4 subtype. BJ08 and C4 subtype strains shared the same amino acids in 6 sites in VP1 region, which were associated with EV71 subtype. There was no mutation in VP1 antigen epitope (92-107aa). Conclusion This BJ08 strain belonged to C4 subtype. Further study on EV71 complete genome would have great significance for vaccine research.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of nalbuphine hydrochloride injection on cesarean section analgesia and its preventive effect on postpartum depression.Methods A total of 400 term pregnancy maternal with cesarean section were randomly divided into groups A,B,C,D with 100 cases per group.Group A was treated with sufentanil 100 μg.Groups B,C,D were treated with hydrochloric nalbuphine 1.5,2.0 and 2.5 mg · kg-1,respectively.Four groups received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia.The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Ramsay sedation scores (RSS) of 6,12,24 h after operation,depression status and adverse drug reactions were compared between four groups.Results 6,12,24 h after operation,in group A,VAS were (3.21 ± 0.44),(3.15 ± 0.49),(2.06 ± 0.49) points,RSS were (2.08 ± 0.37),(2.05 ± 0.35),(1.85 ± 0.23) points;in group B,VASwere (2.17±0.35),(2.00±0.38),(1.45 ± 0.38) points,RSS were (2.01 ±0.19),(1.91±0.21),(1.72 ± 0.18) points;in group C,VAS were (2.08 ± 0.22),(1.53 ± 0.26),(0.75 ± 0.13)points,RSS were (1.71±0.15),(1.75±0.12),(1.46±0.15)points;in group D,VAS were (2.10±0.21),(1.52 ±0.21),(0.72 ± 0.11) points,RSS were (1.64 ± 0.22),(1.62 ± 0.15),(1.43 ± 0.21) points,there were significant differences in VAS score and RSS score at different times between groups C,D and groups A,B (P ＜ 0.05).3 d postpartum,the depression rates in groups A,B,C,D were 35.00％ (35/100 cases),27.00％ (27/100 cases),12.00％ (12/100 cases),26.00％ (26/100 cases),with significant differences between group C and groups A,B,D (P ＜ 0.05).The adverse drug reactions in group A were heart rate,vomiting,diarrhea and rash,which in group B and C were rapid heartbeat,nausea,vomiting and urinary retention,in group D were rapid heartbeat,nausea,vomiting,diarrhea and rash.The incidences of adverse drug reactions were 14.00％,10.00％,11.00％,21.00％,with significant differences between group D and groups A,B,C (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Nalbuphine 2.0 mg · kg-1 has a definitive clinical efficacy on analgesic and sedative after cesarean section,with low postpartum depression rate and adverse reactions rate.

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences of the efficacy and different therapeutic drugs on the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in order to ensure the optimal indication for different BPH patients.

METHODSA randomized, parallel-controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted. From September 2002 to December 2003 906 BPH patients were enrolled into 7 therapeutic groups, including selective-adrenoceptor antagonist (terazosin, doxazosin tamsulosin and naftopidil), 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor (finasteride and epristeride) and natural product (cernilton). International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Quality of Life (QOL), uroflowmetry, total prostatic volume (TPV) and transitional zone volume and residual urine were used as efficacy criteria.

RESULTSAccording to the baseline, the IPSS and Qmax were significantly correlated to the prostatic volume and transitional zone volume (P < 0.01). At average follow-up of 6 months, significant improvements in IPSS, QOL, Qmax and residual urine volume were observed in each therapeutic group, and no difference in IPSS improvement was found among the groups. Prostatic volume and transitional zone volume were significant decreased in 5alpha-reductase inhibitor groups (P < 0.05). In patients with baseline TPV greater than 35.5 cm3, the improvement of Qmax was more significant than that in patients with TPV less than 35.5 cm3 in finasteride group (P < 0.01) (5.7 ml/s and 2.2 ml/s respectively), and more significant symptomatic improvements were also found in cernilton, doxazosin and naftopidil group. In each group, the improvement of symptom were more significant in patients with IPSS higher than 20 points (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSEach drug observed in this study can improve the subjective and objective symptoms significantly for BPH patients, especially for patients with higher IPSS baseline. When using 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, prostatic volume can be decreased significantly and more obviously subjective and objective improvement can be found in the patients with TPV greater than 35.5 cm3.

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors ; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Androstadienes ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Doxazosin ; therapeutic use ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Finasteride ; therapeutic use ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Naphthalenes ; therapeutic use ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Prazosin ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Prostate ; drug effects ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; drug therapy ; Quality of Life ; Secale ; Sulfonamides ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Anhui is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain, its across warm temperate zone and subtropics. The mountain and water next to each other, which leads to Chinese medicine resources ranked first in East China. The utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Anhui has a long history, which could date back to the publishing time of Ming Yi Bie Lu (Appendant Records of Famous Physicians). And the kinds of traditional Chinese medicine in Song Dynasty ups to 80. There are also some differences in the distribution of various geographical units in terms of the types: Jianghuai hilly region's ups to 64, 25 in Wannan mountainous area, the species in Dabie Mountains and Huaibei plain are 16 and 14 respectively. In addition, the Jianghuai hilly region's and Wannan mountainous area have a long history among of them, which have been reached a peak in the Song Dynasty. The history of native medicinal materials in Anhui recorded in different periods, though combing herbal books. And the results showed that the vast majority of varieties in ancient are the same as modern ones, which provide the historical basis for the rich bulk medicinal materials in Anhui. The distinctions in natural and social environment of different geographical units have effects on the history of the usage of Chinese medicine resources in respective regions. Thus, the variety and distribution of native medicinal materials in Anhui among the Bencao works of different period provides herbalism basis for the protection and utilization of Chinese medicine resources currently.