ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of different surgical technique on the pup and　adult rats after the rupture of upper trunk and middle trunk so as to find the best way of surgical therapy.MethodsFrom January 2010 to June of 2010, forty-eight Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into two　groups of 24 each, i.e., pup groups at the age of 7 days postnatal (P7)and one adult (3 months old)group.After C5-7 injured,each group was subdivided into three equally:group A (repair C5-7),B(repair C5,6),and C (no reinnervation performed).In the 3rd month postoperatively,the following tests were performed to estimate the recovery of each group:(1)Compared the rate of carpoptosis of each group.(2)Compared the regenerated nerve traversing rate of the radial nerve in each group.(3)HE stain to compared the cross-sectional area recovery rate.(4)The MyoD1 and Myogenin of the affected extensor of forearm were measured by Western blot.Results(1) The ethology test:there were no carpoptosis in group of adult A and pup A; the carpoptosis rate of pup B and pup C were higher than that of adult A(P ＜ 0.05) ;the carpoptosis rate of pup A was lower than that of B and C(P ＜ 0.05); there was no difference between carpoptosis rate of adult A and B,but they were both lower than C(P ＜ 0.05).(2) Histological test of radial nerves:The percentage of myelinated both higher than C (P ＜ 0.05).(3) Western blot:The protein level of MyoD1 and Myogenin in radial nerve fiber in experimental side of pup A,B and C descended progressively (P ＜ 0.05).There was no difference between adult A and B,but they were both higher than C (P ＜ 0.05).(4) Histological test of the extensor digitorium:There was no difference between cross-sectional area recovery rate of adult A and B,but they were pup A,B and C increased progressively (P ＜ 0.05).There was no difference between protein level of MyoD1 and Myogenin in adult A and B,but they were both lower than C (P ＜ 0.05),ConclusionIn adult rats, there is no difference between the recovery of wrist extensor of the two surgical procedure after the C5-7 injured. The restoration of C5-7 but not C5,6 can do more good to the recovery of wrist extensor in pup rats.It's important to repaire the C7 by nerve graft after injury of C5-7 in newborn.

Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of incision-thread-drawing procedure and incision and drainage procedure in the treatment of perianal abscess.Methods Clinical data collected from 110 patients with perianal abscess were retrospectively analyzed.Forty-six cases were treated with incision-thread-drawing procedure(therapy group) and 64 with incision and drainage procedure(control group).Results Recurrence rate and incidence of anal fistula were 4%(2/46) and 4%(2/46) in therapy group,respectively,significantly lower than those in control group(19% and 23%,P

Objective To investigate the efficacy of the clinical pathway in geriatric orthope-dics clinical teaching. Methods From March 2010 to December 2011, 80 clinical undergraduates, who practiced in the Department of Orthopedics in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medi-cal University, were equally randomized divided into two groups. One group was taught by the con-ventional methods and the other group was taught by the clinical pathway teaching. After the teaching, the theoretical exam and operational skill test were performed among students in both groups. SPSS 17.0 software was employed and the scores before and after the teaching and scores between two groups was analyzed by paired t-test(inspection level α=0.05). Results There was no significant difference in average scores between two groups before teaching(theoretical exam: P=0.81, operating skill test:P=0.65) while significant increases were observed in scores of theoretical exam and operational skill test after teaching (theoretical exam and operating skill test: P<0.05) and clinical pathway teaching group had higher scores than conventional teaching group (theoretical exam and operating skill test:P=0.02 and P=0.01). Conclusions Better effects can be achieved by clinical pathway approach re-garding geriatric orthopedics teaching.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of the serum of traditional Chinese medicine Nao Yi An on glutamate induced cell death in cultured hippocampal neurons of rat and the underlying mechanisms. MethodsHippocampal neurons were cultured. The excitatory amino acid induced toxicity on cultured neurons was investigated. The viability of injured neurons was determined with the measurement of Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) were determined by immunoprecipitation /kinase assays /western blot detection.ResultsThe serum of Nao Yi-An raised cell viability. The serum of Nao Yi-An upregulated the expression of extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK) and downregulated the expression of c-Jun N terminal kinase/stress activited protein kinase(JNK) in cultured neurons. The serum of Nao Yi-An induced upregulation of ERK and its anti death action were prevented with the specific ERKs inhibitor PD98059. Conclusions Activation of ERK signaling together with inhibition of JNK signaling by Chinese medicine Nao Yi-An appears to be an important mechanism for its survival effects on cultured hippocampal neurons.

Objective To observe the effect of Sanqi Oral Liquid on the podocytes and the expression of slit diaphragm-associated molecules (including Nephrin, Podocin and CD2AP proteins) of diabetes mellitus (DM) rats after unilateral nephrectomy, so as to explore its mechanism for protecting renal function. Methods SD male rats were randomized into sham operation group, model group and Chinese medicine group. The experimental diabetes mellitus ( DM) model was given unilateral nephrectomy and intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg/kg of streptozocin (STZ). And then the model rats were given intragastric administration of Sanqi Oral Liquid (2.5 g· kg-1·d-1) and the same volume distilled water respectively for 8 weeks. After treatment, the density of podocytes and the podocytic foot process width of different groups were measured. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the changes of the expression of Nephrin, Podocin and CD2AP in renal tissues of different groups. Results After treatment with Sanqi Oral Liquid, the density of podocytes was increased, the foot process lesion was relieved, and the expression levels of Nephrin, Podocin and CD2AP proteins were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01 as compared with those in the model group). Conclusion The protective mechanism of Sanqi Oral Liquid for renal function of unilateral nephrectomy DM rats is possibly related with the alleviation of podocyte injury and with the regulation of the expression of Nephrin, Podocin and CD2AP proteins in podocytes.

A direct current glow discharge mass spectrometry ( GD-MS) for the determination of Li, Be, Na, Mg, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ga, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, W and Pb in nickel-zinc ferrites was developed. Copper powder as the conductive medium was evenly mixed with nickel-zinc ferrites powder for tableting, and then the impurity elements in nickel-zinc ferrites were determined by GD-MS. The influence of sample preparation and the glow discharge conditions including discharge current, discharge voltage, discharge gas flow rate and pre-sputter time on discharge stability and analysis sensitivity were investigated. The mass spectrometry interferences of analytes were investigated, as well as appropriate isotopes were selected. Most of the mass spectrometry interferences were avoided by measuring in medium resolution mode and high resolution mode. Total signal of Fe, Ni, Zn, O and Cu normalization was adopted, and the impurity elements in nickel-zinc ferrites were calculate in subtraction. The results showed that the detection limits for the investigated elements were in the range of 0. 001-0. 29 μg/g, the relative standard deviations of each element were within 3 . 5%-18 . 6%. The analysis results were consistent with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristic,diagnosis and treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).Methods According to family history of the proband,we surveyed the pedigree and retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 10 FAP patients in 3 generations of the family.Result Among all 10 cases,3 died of colorectal cancer including two of whom had history of intestinal obstruction.Seven people of the third generation were all diagnosed as FAP.Among them,only 2 patients had clinical symptoms.Colonoscopy was done in all 7 patients before 35 years old.However,none of them had polyps or evidence of cancer.Surgical operation was performed on 1 patient and high frequency electric cutting under endoscopy was performed on 6 patients.Conclusions The early clinical manifestations of FAP are nonspecific.Pedigree investigation and colonoscopy screening for high-risk population are important to find early asymptomatic FAP patients.

An intercostal nerve-spinal cord implantation and semitransection of the spinalcord at the point between the origin and insertion of the intercostal nerve was madeon ten adult dogs and two monkeys.One to two weeks after this operation,paraly-tic legs following semitransection of the spinal cord recoverded from the paralysis.The implanted nerves were cut during the different period from 124 to 366 days.The function of the legs of four animals which had recovered paralysed again aftersurgical section of implanted nerve.Histologically,the inserted nerves in the spinalcord were recognized in these animals.Many of the growing fibers extended fromdistal end of the inserted intercostal nerve into the gray and white matter ofthe distal segment of the spinal cord.It is considered that the efficacy of the inter-costal nerve-spinal cord implantation depends upon the choice of the symptomaticindications and the success of the implantation procedure.

Objective To compare the effects of heat-sensitive moxibustion and ginger-partition moxibustion on refractory peripheral facial paralysis. Methods Fifty-five patients with refractory peripheral facial paralysis were randomized into heat-sensitive moxibustion group (N=28) and ginger-partition moxibustion group (N=27). For two cases dropped out during the treatment, a total of 25 cases were finally enrolled into the ginger-partition moxibustion group. Two groups received oral use of mecobalamin tablets and conventional acupuncture, and heat-sensitive moxibustion group was given heat-sensitive moxibustion and ginger-partition moxibustion group was given ginger-partition moxibustion additionally. The moxibustion was performed once a day and ten times constituted one course, the treatment covered 6 courses. The clinical effect of the two groups was evaluated by 40-score method, House-Brackmann facial neurological function evaluation standard, blink reflex ( BR) , electromyogram and electroneurography. Results ( 1) Symptoms integral was increased in both groups after treatment ( P<0.01) , and the scores of heat-sensitive moxibustion group were higher than those of ginger-partition moxibustion group ( P<0.01). ( 2) The markedly effective rate of heat-sensitive moxibustion group was 75.00% and that of ginger-partition moxibustion group was 44.00%, and there was statistically significant difference between them ( P<0.05). ( 3) The results of electrophysiological examination showed that the difference values of ipsilateral and contralateral BR R1, R2, R2’ in both groups after treatment were less than those before treatment ( P<0.01) , and the abnormal rate of electromyography for heat-sensitive moxibustion group was improved obviously after treatment ( P<0.01) . The amplitude of compound muscle action potentials ( CMAP) of orbicularis oculi/orbicularis oris at the affected side of both groups showed a decreasing trend, but the differences were insignificant between the two groups after treatment ( P>0.05). Conclusion The curative effect of heat-sensitive moxibustion for the treatment of refractory peripheral facial paralysis is better than that of ginger-partition moxibustion.

Objective To conduct the preliminary toxicology tests and evaluate the preservation effect on a new specimen preservation solution in order to provide scientific basis for its application security. Methods Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly di-vided into the normal saline group, the formalin preservation group,the mixture group,and the new preservation solution group. Recorded the irritation of different solution on the skin,eye of rabbits,the effect of liver sample preservation in different solution,and the evaporation rate of these solution. And to find a set of preservative solution which is more suitable for preservation of specimens and can reduce the cost. Results The new preservation solution is stimulus on rabbit skin and eye,and it is stronger than the formaldehyde group. Compared with the other three groups,the mixture group has the best preservation effect, and the new preservation solution group has a better preservation effect than the formalin preservation solution group. Conclusion The 1∶1 mixture solution of the new preservation solution and formaldehyde is more suitable preservation solution and it can reduce the costs.