Objective:To determine the three-dimensional stability of atlantoaxial reconstruction with anterior approach screw fixation through C2 vertebral body to C1 lateral mass and Gallie’s technique for C1~2 instability.Methods:25 human cadaveric specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups.The three-dimensional range of motion C1 relatively C2 was measured under five different conditions,the intact state(intact group),odontoid tape Ⅱ fracture(group OTF),fixation with posterior C1~2 transar- ticular screw(group PTS),anterior approach screw fixation through C2 vertebral body to C1 lateral mass(group ASM),ASM and Gallie’s technique(group ASMG). The obtained data were statistically analyzed. Results:The range of motion in all directions group ASMG,ASM and PTS was significantly decreased.There was significant difference among group ASMG,ASM and PTS in flexion/extension and lateral bendings by statistical analysis(P0.05). Conclusion:In vivo biomechanics studies showed that ASMG had unique superiority in the reconstruction of the atlantoaxial stability,especially in controlling the instability of flexion/extension and lateral bendings.It was one kind of reli- able surgical choice for the treatment of the obsolete insta- bility or dislocation of C1~2 joint.

Animals ; Arbovirus Infections ; prevention & control ; virology ; Arboviruses ; growth & development ; Biomedical Research ; methods ; standards ; trends ; China ; Humans ; Insect Vectors ; virology

Animals ; China ; Culex ; Insect Vectors ; Longitudinal Studies

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Humans

China ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; virology ; Humans ; Research ; trends

BACKGROUND: Senile hip fracture is a common disease, and its high disability and lethality severely affect the lifetime and quality of life of the elderly.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of senile osteoporotic hip fractures.METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI, CqVip, WanFang and PubMed databases was performed for relevant basic research published from January 1995 to September 2016 using the keywords of osteoporosis,hip fracture, epidemiology in Chinese and English, respectively. Meanwhile, references in the searched articles were retrieved, finally 27 eligible articles were enrolled for analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The occurrence of senile osteoporotic hip fractures is closely related to the bone mineral density, proximal femur geometry, and fall-strain. (2) The preventions of osteoporotic fractures include primary prevention aiming at risk factors for osteoporosis and secondary prevention for osteoporotic patients. (3) The surgical treatment of femoral neck fracture is divided into open/closed reduction and internal fixation, femoral head arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty. (4) Sliding hip screw fixation, proximal femoral intramedullary nail, external fixator and femoral head arthroplasty are used to treat intertrochanteric fracture. (5) There are various drugs used for hip fracture, such as calcium, vitamin D, estrogens, calcitonin and bisphosphonates. Indeed, individual treatment contributes to postoperative rehabilitation.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopy combined with colonoscopy for small colorectal space occupying lesions (equal or less than 3 cm). Methods From January 2010 to January 2015,a total of 41 cases of small colorectal space occupying lesions (equal or less than 3 cm)were treated under general anesthesia with laparoscopic surgery combined with colonoscopy.The patients were placed at the lithotomy position.After the establishment of pneumoperitoneum,injection of methylene blue for staining was carried out under colonoscopy. Laparoscopic titanium clipping positioning was conducted, and then the colonoscope was withdrawn.According to the intraoperative frozen pathological results,bowel resection surgery or colorectal surgical resection was selected. Results All the 41 cases of laparoscopic combined with colonoscopic surgery were successfully completed, with no conversion to laparotomy.There were 9 cases of preoperative diagnosis of precancerous lesions,6 of which were found neoplasia in the colon epithelium with intraoperative pathological diagnosis,with 3 cases of Tis adenocarcinoma.Among 32 cases of preoperative diagnosis of stage 0 -Ⅰ colorectal cancer,there were 29 cases of intraoperative and postoperative diagnosis of stage Ⅰ (23 cases of T1 N 0 M0 adenocarcinoma and 6 cases of T2 N 0 M0 adenocarcinoma)and 3 cases of stage Ⅲ (T2 N 1 M0 adenocarcinoma).Two cases were multiple lesions.Bowel resection was performed in colon intraepithelial neoplasia and Tis lesions of colorectal cancer,while resection of colorectal cancer was conducted in stage T1 -T2 colorectal cancer.Two patients with colonic epithelial neoplasia were followed up for 9 and 12 months,without recurrence.The remaining 39 cases were followed up for 24 -49 months,with a median of 38.6 months. Among the 35 cases of colorectal cancer,colonoscopy detected local recurrence in 1 case of T2 N 1 M0 adenocarcinoma (stage Ⅲ)after 34 postoperative months.No metastasis was found in all the patients. Conclusion Laparoscopy combined with colonoscopy for small diameter (equal or less than 3 cm)benign tumor or stage Tis -T2 malignant colorectal cancer has advantages of both endoscopy,especially suitable for difficultly located or removed lesions,which can improve the positioning precision and surgical safety.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of transplantation of limbal epithelial cells and decellularized porcine cornea construct in rabbits with corneal alkali burn.Methods Allogeneic rabbit limbal epithelial cells were cultured and identified.Porcine cornea scaffold was fabricated by decellularization.The LECs-DPC construct was cultured and transplanted to the alkali-burned corneal surface of rabbits(4month follow-up).Results Immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR analyses revealed the presence of ABCG2 positive limbal stem cells.A general view showed the corneas were clear and vessel-free postoperatively.HE and Masson Trichrome staining results indicated the epithelial stratification,fewer cellular infiltration,DPC' integration into host corneal tissues,and more regular collagen configuration.Transmission electron microscopy exhibited formation of desmosomes and microvilli.Conclusion Allogeneic limbal epithelial cells transplantation using DPC as a carrier can restore corneal clarity after alkali burn in a rabbit model.

Hospital Administrative Moral Standard has effects of guide, encouragement, harmonization and rectification. Administration should reflect principles of respect, justice and benefit. It should connect unith the purpose and the way of setting up the hospital, with the aim of educating health staff. The institution of the standard should combine administrative power with its function. The nucleus is to rectify opinion, action, discipline and attitude of the health staff.

In this paper, we describe mismatch, chaos, and disorder behavior during healthcare seeking. Such structural imbalances, scarcity and surplus make healthcare services less efficient. We give reasons for such phenomena in terms of long-term effects of health resource allocation policy-making and implementation, inherent de-fects within healthcare insurance, incomplete market development, and cultural issues. We then propose four policy strategies, including rational price mechanism, strict referral healthcare system, confidence in basic healthcare facili-ties, and proper healthcare cultures. These will restore orderly healthcare behavior and help realize expectations for the current healthcare reform in China.