Both pretreatment of lignocellulose and its saccharification process are treated with ultrasonic wave.The morphology,structure and crystal performance of the original and treated lignocellulose sample were characterized by SEM and FTIR.Moreover,the changes of raw materials caused by different pretreatment ways and the affect of saccharification rate brought about by ultrasonic wave were also studied.The result shows that the ultrasonic wave decreases the crystallinity of lignocellulose destroying the intermolecular hydrogen bonding effectively and improves the degradation rate of lignin and the saccharification rate of zymohydrolysis availably.The mechanism of activation of ultrasonic wave in zymohydrolysis process was discussed primarily.

In this paper, we expatiate the advance of Tricholoma matsutake including distributing, environment, pure culture, domesticating cultivation and artificial forcing breeding in the area of Changbai Mountain of China.

Propolis is an adhesive substance mixed with plant resins collected by honeybees (Apis mellifera) and secretions from their mandibular gland and wax gland, with wide pharmacological activity and healthcare functions. Its antioxidant activity has long been regarded as one of the most important biological activities of propolis. This article summarizes studies on the antioxidant activity of propolis extracts from different geographic origins and with different extraction methods, as well as several important monomer active ingredients in propolis, and concludes the potential molecular mechanism of antioxidant activity of propolis and its monomer ingredients, with the aim of providing ideas for further studies on pharmacological activity of propolis, as well as reference for in-depth development of propolis products.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Geography ; Humans ; Propolis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

Fourteen compounds were isolated by column chromatography from the ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of Brassica campestris. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data analysis. The isolated compounds were respectively identified as (5Z,7E)-4, 4-dimethyl-5-acetyl-5, 7-nonadienoic acid (1), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (2), blumenol A (3), vinylsyringol (4), sinapinic acid (5), sinapic acid ethyl ester (6), protocatechuic acid (7), crinosterol (8), campesterol (9), 7-oxo-stigmasterol (10), kaempferol (11), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (12), syringic acid (13) and daucosterol (14). Compound 1 was a new compound and the other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time except for compounds 4, 5 and 13.
Brassica ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of carbon dioxide laser tonsillectomy.Method:In this prospective,randomized study, One hundred and two patients were divided into laser group or control group. Patients of laser group were cured with carbon dioxide laser tonsillectom,and the control group was cured with routine method. All operations are executed by one person. Observation index included operation time, hemorrhage in operation, ache after operation, inflammatory reaction of raw surface, repair time of raw surface, rehaemorrhagia and scar.Result:Laser group had advantages of less operation time, less hemorrhage, less ache and less inflammatory reaction of raw surface. Laser group have hemorrhage in operation (7.2±2.1)ml, while control group have hemorrhage in operation (92.0±35.0)ml. Laser group have pseudomembrane early but desquamate late.Conclusion:Carbon dioxide laser tonsillectomy is effective to relieve pain, inflammatory reaction and with less time ,it's an safe , efficient and mini-trauma operation.

Objective To screen the altered gene expression profile of hippocampus after traumatic brain injury(TBI)in rats. Methods Rats(n=3)in experimental group underwent moderate fluid-percussion(F-P)brain injury and the hippoeampus sample in the injured hemisphere was removed and conserved in liquid nitrogen three hours later.The rats(n=5)of the control group underwent the same procedure except for injury.Mfymetrix rat genome 230 2.0 array was used to detect the gene expression profile of hippocampus in two groups and find the altered gene expression profile. Results A total of 159 genes in the experimental group changed significantly(≥2 folds)compared with the control group,of which 136 genes were up-regulated and 23 genes down-regulated. Conclusions The significant gene expression changes of hippocampus,especially a large mount of up-regulated genes,are detected after moderate TBI in rats,suggesting that the secondary injury following TBI is a procedure involving multiple factors.

Objective To evaluate the effect on the reversal of left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) and on heart function of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) therapy at different time of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods A total of 326 patients with primary anterior AMI-accompanied LVA diagnosed by left ventriculography (LVG) from January 2001 to July 2004 were enrolled in this study. They were randomized into 4 groups according to the time of accepting PCI:≤3 h group, 4-6 h group, 7-12 h group and one week group. At the baseline and 6 months after AMI, the parameters of left ventricular diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), left ventricular systolic volume index (LVESVI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular wall motion score (LVWMS) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were measured by LVG. The paradox volume index (PVI) was measured by equilibrium radionuclide at one week and 6 months after AMI.At 3 year following up to, the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were recorded. Results At 6 months after PCI, the LVESVI, LVEDVI, WMS and LVEDP were all decreased while LVEF was increased in the four groups as compared with pre-PCl (P<0.05, respectively). Those parameters changed most obviously in ≤3 h group. At the 6th month after PCI, the PVI was lower in ≤3 h group (12.1±2.1)% than in 4-6 h, 7-12 h and one week group [(15.4±2.4)%, (16.5±2.5)% and (20.4±3.7)%, all P<0.05]. Within the 3 years follow-up, the MACE was significantly lower in 3 h, 4-6 h and 7-12 h groups than in one week group, and the mortality was lower too [(2.8%, 3.0% and 3.1% vs. 17.9%, all P<0.05]. Conclusions The early, fully and permanent open of the infraction-related artery can effectively inhibit the left ventricular remodeling process, prevent LVA formation, improve LV function and prognosis.

Objective: To explore the inhibitory effect of artesunate(Art)on human esophageal carcinoma cells and to study the related mechanism.Methods: Nude mice were inoculated with Eca109 cells subcutaneously on the left upper limbs to establish esophageal carcinoma model.The model mice were divided into 5 groups: first group received 100 mg/kg Art,second group 200 mg/kg Art,third group 300 mg/kg Art,forth group 3 mg/kg cisplatin(DDP),and the fifth group received normal saline.Mass and volume changes of transplant tumors in different groups were observed.Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle,apoptosis,and the expression of CDC25A protein,Smad3 protein and TGF-?protein in the transplanted tumors in mouse model.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of CDC25A,Smad3 and TGF-?mRNA in the transplanted tumors.Results: Nude mouse model bearing human esophageal carcinoma was success- fully created.Compared with the control group,the volume and mass of transplant tumors in Art groups were significantly smaller(P

normal ovarian group (P

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of RNA molecules that longer than 200 nucleotides.lncRNA is lack of functional open reading frames and has no protein coding ability.Recently, accumulating evidences indicate that lncRNA plays active roles in tumor carcinogenesis and progression.The aberrant expression of lncRNA is significantly correlated with the growth,metastasis,and therapy-resistance of digestive system tumors.Thus,lncRNA may be served as new targets for the diagnosis,treatment,and progno-sis of patients with digestive system tumors.