Objective To analyze the association of serumγ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level with kidney function in essential hypertension patients.Methods 500 patients with essential hypertension were selected.They were divided into high glomerular filtration rate (GFR) group,normal renal function group,mild renal function decline group,and moderate or severe renal function decline group based on GFR.The fasting blood glucose,serum lipid,routine laboratory tests,hepatic and renal function were detected by routine methods.The one way ANOVA test was used to show differences among groups,and the relationship of serum GGT with GFR was assessed by using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions.Results There were 500 hypertension patients [(56.03 ±7.38)years old,240 males and 260 females] enrolled in this study.Among them,43 (23/20) cases were in the high GFR group,161 (82/79) cases were in the normal renal function group,219(105/114) cases were in the mild renal function decline group,and 77 (30/47) cases were in the moderate or severe renal function decline group.The sex,blood pressure,heart rate,body mass index,fasting blood glucose,blood lipid level had no statistically significant differences among the groups (all P ＞ 0.05),but the age,aspartate transaminase (AST),alanine transaminase (ALT) and GGT had statistically significant differences among the groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed:age (r =0.278,P =0.002) was negatively associated with GFR,while AST (r =0.159,P =0.003),ALT (r =0.352,P ＜ 0.001) and GGT(r =0.237,P ＜ 0.001) were positively correlated with GFR.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the serum GGT (β =0.146,95％ CI 0.099,0.282,P ＜0.001) was also positively correlated with GFR.Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the level of GGT was positively correlated with GFR in essential hypertension patients,and monitoring the changes of serum GGT may have significant effect on kidney function.

Objective: To analyze the biomechanical properties of endurance bone cement in order to provide the theoretical evidence for clinical works.Methods: Different storage temperature(-20℃ to 22℃) and storage time(2h to 24h) were set to the powder of the endurance bone cement.Porosity,density and ultimate compressive strength in cured endurance bone cement were observed and compared.Results: No difference in the porosity,density and ultimate compressive strength of the bone cement was found under different storage temperature and time.Discussion: The biomechanical properties of the endurance bone cement are not significantly influenced by the different storage temperature and time of the powder.

Objective To observe the morphology of substance P nerve fiber and mast cells in hypertrophic scar and normal skin and investigate the interaction of substance P nerve fiber and mast cells in hypertrophic scar.Methods The hypertropic scar tissue and the normal skin was from 8 burnt patients who underwent operation owing to cicatricial contracture.The amount and shape of substance P nerve fiber and mast cells in hypertrophic scar were observed after immunohistochemistry and toluidine blue.Results In hypertropic scar tissue,the substance P nerve fiber was ramous and interlacing,but in normal skin,it was paralleled.The mast cells in the hypertropic scar tissue(7.22) were more than that in normal skin(4.64).Substance P and mast cells showed close relationship in hypertrophic scar,as pearls' appearance that was more significant than in normal skin.Conclusion Substance P and mast cells have close relationship in hypertrophic scar,indicating that substance P and mast cells may play an important role in the development and pruritus of hypertrophic scar.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of procalcitonin and acute phase protein on pulmonary infection of patients with craniocerebral injury .Methods Totally 63 cases of severe craniocerebral injury patients treated in our hospital from January 2014 to October 2014 were divided into infection group(n=37) and non infection group(n=26) .Peripheral blood speci‐mens was collected within one hour patients′admission of ICU ,the observation index were:T(℃) ,WBC(× 109/L) ,PCT and CRP . Results The level of PCT and CRP of infection group in each period were higher than non infected group (P<0 .05);the diagnos‐tic sensitivity of PCT ,CRP and PCT combined CRP was 78% ,81% and 81% ,respectively ;the diagnostic specificity of PCT com‐bined CRP was 77% ,which was significantly higher than PCT (69% ) and CRP(15% ) .Conclusion The positive rate and specifici‐ty of PCT combined with CRP is high ,thus it could be used as specific and sensitive indexes for early secondary pulmonary infection in head injury patients .

The sound implementation of a legal system depends on scientific ideas and an efficient supervision system. Presently, the drug supervision system is a period of transition, with the prospects of establishing a modern supervision system that incorporates the ideals of risk management. To this end, the responsibilities of the drug super-vision agency shall be adjusted horizontally and vertically so as to enhance the efficiency of supervision and to avoid an overlap of functions or supervision vacancy. We should enhance the capacity for governance and cultivate the self-discipline of the industry and associations. The implementation of administrative accountability is necessary to ensure that institutional responsibilities are fulfilled and thereby realize public health.

Tracheal stenosis is defined as a narrowing of the tracheal lumen,commonly caused by different factors.The etiology are not clear,but are closely linked with vascular tings compressed tracheal,tracheomalacia and tracheal remolding.About the diagnosis and treatment in infants with tracheal stenosis,imaging techniques,especially bronchoscopy and CT,play an important role,and surgery is often choosed.Currently,stent is a development direction of medicine.

We investigated the prevalence of Bell's palsy in mainland of china acording to standard scale. 3, 869,162 persons were to be investigated and we found 1926 persons suffered from Bell's palsy; the prevalence rate was 49.77 per a hundred thousand and the incidence rate (in the year of 1986) was 16.28 per a hundred thousand. Characterized by wide spread appearance there was a high prevalence between east longitude 110?～120? and north latitude 25?～45?; the incidence in the area north of the Yangzhi river was higher than that south of the river. The high incidence were found in April, May, July and August. There was no difference between both sexes and the lowest incidonie was in children below 10 years old.

OBJECTIVE:To study the protective effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharide (GUP) on CCl4 induced acute liver injury in mice and its mechanism. METHODS:60 ICR mice were randomly divided into normal control group (normal sa-line),model group(normal saline),bifendate group(positive drug,100 mg/kg)and GUP high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups (400,200 and 100 mg/kg). They were given relevant medicine intragastrically once a day. 15 d later,acute liver injury model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 in those groups except for normal control group,and liver index was deter-mined. The levels of AST and ALT in serum,the NOS,NO,SOD,GSH-Px and MDA levels in liver tissues were detected. RE-SULTS:Compared with normal control group,the liver index,the levels of AST and ALT in serum and NOS,NO and MDA in liver tissue increased in model group,while SOD and GSH-Px levels in liver tissue decreased(P<0.05);liver cells became swell-ing,degeneration and necrosis,showed obvious inflammatory injury. Compared with model group,the liver index of GUP groups decreased,there was statistical significance in GUP high-dose medium-dose groups (P<0.05);the levels of AST and ALT in se-rum and NOS,NO and MDA in liver tissue of mice decreased in GUP groups,while the level of SOD and GSH-Px in liver tissue increased(P<0.05);liver cellular swelling,degeneration and necrosis relieved,and pathological injury had been improved. CON-CLUSIONS:GUP has a certain protective effect on CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice and its protective effect may be related to antioxidation,decrease of NOS and NO levels,and reduction of the production of free radicals.

Zebrafish has unique advantages over other animal models in the aspect of drug screens for active ingredients and gains more and more attentions in drug research and development recently. Thus, this article reviews the recent advance of zebrafish-based drug screens in Chinese traditional medicine (TCM) effective part research, monomer drug screening, activity evaluation of natural products, discovery of new uses for old drugs, and toxicity assessment in early-phase drug discovery.
Animals ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Models, Animal ; Zebrafish ; growth & development

Objective To evaluate the effect of chronic alcohol intake on the sedative potency of propofol through investigating the effect of chronic alcohol intake on the half-effective target effect-site concentration ( EC50 )of propofol required for loss of consciousness in patients. Methods Fifty male ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 25-60 yr, weighing 50-80 kg, scheduled for elective surgery, were divided into 2 groups according to the history of chronic alcoholic intake ( n = 25 each): control group (alcoholic intake per day ＜ 25 g) and chronic alcoholic group (alcoholic intake per day＞45 g, lasting for 2 yr or more). The EC50 and 95% confidence interval (CI)were determined by up-and-down sequential method. The initial target effect-site concentration was 2 μg/nl in chronic alcoholic group and 1.5μg/ml in control group, and the ratio between the two successive concentrations was 1.05. Loss of consciousness was defined as loss of response to verbal command and eyelash stimulation. Results The EC50 of propofol that produced loss of consciousness was 3.92 (95 % CI 3.56-4.63 ) μg/ml in chronic alcoholic group and 2.73 (95%CI 2.26-3.31)μg/ml in control group. The EC50 of propofol was significantly higher in chronic alcoholic group than in control group ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Chronic alcohol intake can increase the EC50 of propofol required to induce loss of consciousness and reduce sedative potency in patients.