Dysphagia is one of the major non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD)patients.The swallowing fimctions in oral,pharyngeal,and esophageal phases are impaired to varied degrees.Dysphagia caused by PD is closely related to the pathophysiological changes of central and peripheral nervous systems.Early clinical symptoms are occult and progressive,which seriously affects the quality of life of PD patients.Although the treatment of dysphagia in PD has progressed to some extent,there is still a lack of effective and reliable treatment methods.Individualized and targeted prevention and treatment programs may help improve patient's quality of life and prognoses.

Cerebral collateral circulation can improve cerebral blood flow and protect neurons in ischemic stroke, which provides valuable time for reperfusion therapy and is closely related to the prognoses of patients with acute ischemic stroke. With the continuous emergence and development of new techniques for vascular reperfusion therapy in acute phase, it is urgent to establish a scheme for individualized evaluation of collateral circulation to guide clinical decision-making. Collateral circulation based on multi-mode imaging evaluation can provide guidance for clinical individualized diagnoses and accurate treatments more quickly and effectively to improve the clinical prognoses of patients. In order to provide guidance for the reperfusion treatment of acute ischemic stroke and effectively evaluate the clinical prognoses of patients, the authors summarize the research progress on correlation between collateral circulation and prognoses of ischemic stroke based on multi-mode imaging evaluation in recent years.

With the development of molecular biology research, targeted therapy has become the fourth effective method for the treatment of malignant tumors after surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Unlike the traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, molecular targeted drugs possess the advantages of high specificity, definite curative effects, and less adverse effects. CLDN18.2 protein is a transmembrane protein that is highly selective and stably overexpressed during the development of various malignant tumors, especially gastrointestinal tumors, and metastases. A specific antibody against this protein, claudiximab (zolbetuximab/IMAB362), has achieved great success in recent clinical trials. Thus, CLDN18.2 protein is expected to be a safe and effective molecular target for targeted therapy in some malignancies.

Objective:To investigate the influence of collateral circulation evaluated by CT perfusion (CTP) imaging in infarction progression and clinical prognoses of patients with acute large-artery occlusion of the anterior circulation before and after thrombectomy.Methods:One hundred and ten patients with acute large-artery occlusion of the anterior circulation within 24 h of onset, admitted to our hospital from May 2018 to September 2019, were chosen in our study; all patients completed thrombectomy; their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Regional leptomeningeal collateral-temporally fused maximum intensity projection (rLMC-tMIP) was used to evaluate the collateral circulation based on 4D-CT angiography (4D-CTA). According to the core infarct volume in CTP imaging and the diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) results of MR within one week of surgery, the progressive infarct volume was calculated. Modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the prognoses of these patients 3 months after surgery.Results:(1) There were 56 patients with good collateral circulation and 54 patients with poor collateral circulation. Age ( OR=0.951, 95%CI: 0.910-0.993, P=0.023), cardiac dysfunction ( OR=0.116, 95%CI: 0.018-0.731, P=0.022), baseline fasting blood glucose ( OR=0.788, 95%CI: 0.646-0.961, P=0.019), wakefulness stroke ( OR=0.093, 95%CI: 0.023-0.380, P=0.001), and site of vascular occlusion ( OR=7.604, 95%CI: 2.650-21.821, P=0.000) were independent influencing factors for collateral circulation. (2) Scores of rLMC-tMIP ( 95%CI: -2.947- -1.474, P=0.000), volume of ischemic penumbra ( 95%CI: 0.065-0.126, P=0.000), scores of edema in the brain tissues ( 95%CI: 2.952-7.600, P=0.000), hemorrhage transformation ( 95%CI: 8.966-23.114, P=0.000), and 24 h NIHSS scores ( 95%CI: 0.606-1.248, P=0.000) were independent influencing factors for volume of progressive infarction. (3) There were 59 patients having good prognosis and 51 patients having poor prognosis. Hemorrhage transformation ( OR=0.019, 95%CI: 0.001-0.275, P=0.004) and progressive infarction volume ( OR=0.824, 95%CI: 0.756-0.897, P=0.000) were independent influencing factors for prognoses of patients with acute large-artery occlusion of the anterior circulation after thrombectomy. Conclusion:The scores of rLMC-tMIP based on 4D-CTA can well predict the infarction volume in patients with acute large-artery occlusion of the anterior circulation within 24 h of onset, which can effctively evaluate the clinical prognoses of the patients.