Objective To monitor the antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, determine the prevalence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and plasmid-mediated tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (TRNG) in Xi'an region, and to analyse the trends in antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Methods In total, 647 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were isolated from patients with gonorrhea in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic settings from 2002 to 2009. Agar dilution method was used to detect TRNG and determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics, and paper acidometric method to detect PPNG. Results Of these 647 strains, 216 (33.4%) were TRNG, 290 (44.8%)were PPNG. The prevalence of TRNG strains remained between 28.3% and 49.2% in 2002-2009, except for 17.3% in 2005; the prevalence of PPNG strains increased from 37.1% in 2002 to 64% in 2005, but declined from 2006 to 2009 (32.3%). The prevalence of resistance to spectinomycin maintained at a low level (0 to 2.8%) over these years, while that to ciprofloxacin remained higher than 80% from 2002 to 2009, and accounted for 100% in 2005, with the exception of 51% in 2006. Ceftriaxone resistance was observed in none of these strains except 4 isolates in 2003, but the susceptibility to ceftriaxone decreased yearly. Conclusions Neisseria gonorrhoeae is highly sensitive to spectinomycin, which should serve as the first treatment choice for gonorrhea.Full dose is necessary for the application of ceftriaxone in the treatment of gonorrhea. Ciprofloxacin should not be used to treat gonorrhea.

Background: Primary small intestinal lymphoma is an insidious onset gastrointestinal tumor with a high probability of perforation and poor prognosis. Aims: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and the factors related to perforation and prognosis in primary small intestinal lymphoma patients. Methods: The clinical data of patients with primary small intestinal lymphoma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2014 to January 2022 were collected retrospectively. The clinical features of patients with different pathological types were compared, and factors related to perforation and prognosis were identified by Logistic regression analysis and Cox regression analysis, respectively. Results: Ninety patients with primary small intestinal lymphoma were enrolled, the male to female ratio was 2∶1, and the median age was 52.5 years old. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom complained by patients (74.4%). All patients were diagnosed as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma pathologically, of which 70 were B-cell lymphoma and 20 were T-cell lymphoma; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most common histological type. Patients with T-cell lymphoma had a higher incidence of gastrointestinal complications than those with B-cell lymphoma (78.6% vs. 48.6%, P=0.001). Perforation was more commonly seen in T-cell lymphoma, and intestinal obstruction was more commonly seen in B-cell lymphoma. Multivariate Logistic analysis demonstrated that multisite involvement, elevation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and T-cell lymphoma were the independent risk factors for perforation, while in univariate Cox regression analysis, decreased albumin, increased LDH, T-cell lymphoma, perforation and surgical treatment without chemotherapy were associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that only surgical treatment without chemotherapy was an independent risk factor for death (HR=8.332, 95% CI: 1.453-47.772, P= 0.017). Conclusions: T - cell originated primary small intestinal lymphoma and those with increased LDH or involving multisite of gastrointestinal tract has a higher incidence of perforation. Surgical treatment without chemotherapy is strongly correlated with adverse outcomes. A regular chemotherapy after surgical treatment is highly recommended for primary small intestinal lymphoma patients complicated with perforation.