ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value and pathological basis of peritumoral hyperenhanced rim (PHR) of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) on CEUS.MethodsCEUS images of 53 patients with 54 renal tumors (27 RCCs,27 renal angiomyolipomas) were analyzed,and the detection and distribution of PHR were evaluated.HE staining and immunohistochemistry of CD34 were performed in tissue surrounding RCCs (TSR) to observe distribution of psuedocapsule,large vessels,and microvasculars among TSR with different modes of PHR.ResultsPHR was found only in RCCs.PHR distribution between RCCs and angiomyolipomas was statistically different (P＜0.05).Using PHR to diagnose RCC,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,false positive and false negative was 44.44％ (12/27),100％ (27/27),100％ (12/12),64.29％ (27/42),0 (0/27) and 35.71％ (15/42),respectively.Pseudocapsule distribution between RCCs with PHR and RCCs without PHR was not statistically different (P＞ 0.05).There were rich large blood vessels in TSR with PHR in washin and both phases,and few or thimbleful large vessels were found in TSR without PHR in washout phase.Cancer tissue near the boundary (CTNB) of TSR had the highest microvessel density (MVD).MVD differences in different TSR with PHR were statistically different between washin and washout phases,washin and both phases,both phases with PHR and without PHR (P＜0.05),but no statistical difference was found between washout and both phases (P＞0.05).ConclusionPHR is a highly specific complementary indicator in diagnosing RCC,and it is correlated with rich blood vessels in TSR and (or) a higher MVD value in CTNB.

Objective　To investigate the changes in the e xpressions of P53 mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA in spermatogenic cells in rats after expo sure to ultrasound to elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying the apoptosis induced by ultrasound at genetic trascription level. Methods　Thirty-two healthy male SD rats,（30±2） days old and (70±5) grams body weight, were randomized into 4 groups (n=8) according to the time of exposure to ultrasound,including control group without exposure,gr oups of 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes with exposure to ultrasound for 10 ,20 and 30 min,respectively. Samples were taken 24 hours after exposure to ultra sound,then 4% paraformal-dehyde fixed,paraffin-embedded and sectioned into 4 μm sections (slides were pretreated with APES and poly-lysine). P53 and Bcl-2 in situ hybridization kits were purchased from Wuhan Boshida Bio-engineering C o.Results　There was no significant difference in the expressions o f P53 mRNA or Bcl-2 mRNA in sperematogenic cells in rats between the control gr oup and 10 minutes group. The expressions of P53 mRNA in groups over 10 minutes were up-regulated and that of Bcl-2 mRNA were down-regulated. P53 mRNA in s permatogenic cells in rats was increased from (44.13±5.05)% in control group to (60.47±6.57)% in group 30 minutes. Bcl-2 mRNA was decreased f rom (40.29±9.10)% in control group to (31.01±5.67)% in group 3 0 minutes. Conclusions　Exposure to ultrasound over 10 minutes can induce up -regulatory expressions of P53 mRNA and down-regulatory expressions of Bcl-2 mRNA in spermatogenic cells in rats.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) in pediatric nephroblastoma and pericancerous tissues, and explore the relationship between RGS4 and the occurrence and development of pediatric nephroblastoma. Methods Thirty-seven samples of pediatric nephroblastoma tissues and 8 samples of pericancerous tissues were collected after surgery to detect the expression of RGS4 protein by immunohistochemistry. Another 8 samples of fresh cancer tissues and corresponding pericancerous tissues were collected to detect the mRNA and protein levels of RGS4 by qRT-PCR and Western blot assay, respectively. Results Immunohistochemistry results showed that RGS4 protein was positively expressed both in pediatric nephroblastoma and pericancerous tissues, and its high expression rate was lower in pediatric nephroblastoma than that in pericancerous tissues [(37.83%(14/37) vs. 87.5%(7/8),χ2=4.675, P<0.05]. The expression level of RGS4 mRNA was significantly lower in pediatric nephroblastoma than that in pericancerous tissues (1.064 ± 0.549 vs. 5.374 ± 0.735, t=13.290, n=8, P < 0.01). Western blot results showed that the expression level of RGS4 protein was lower in pediatric nephroblastoma than that of pericancerous tissues (0.301±0.092 vs. 0.779 ± 0.041, t=13.424, n=8, P < 0.01). Conclusion The expression level of RGS4 is down-regulated in pediatric nephroblastoma, which may be related to the occurrence and development of pediatric nephroblastoma.

Objective To investigate the characteristic and the value of renal solid lesions' boundary at contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS). Methods The study included 225 patients (124 males, 101 females) with renal 239 solid lesions [133 renal cell carcinoma(RCC) and 106 benign lesions]. The enhanced mode of lesion boundary at CEUS was observed. The histopathologic pseudocapsule of RCCs was analysed.Results Enhanced modes of all lesions' boundary at CEUS were classified as: type Ⅰ , iso-enhanced boundry in whole phase, 82.85 % (198 of 239) ;type Ⅱ , a perilesional annular highly-enhanced signal at early phase,4.18% (10 of 239);type Ⅲ ,perilesional annular highly-enhanced signal in whole phase,9.62% (23 of 239) ;type Ⅳ, perilesional annular highly-enhanced signal in midium and late phase, 1.25 % (3 of 239) ;type Ⅴ ,iso-enhanced boundry in the mdium and late phase with no enhancment at early phase, 2. 09% (5 of 239). The distribution of types Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ between groups were significant different( P=0.000, 0.046,0. 000), the type Ⅳ and Ⅴ was not ( P = 0.256,0.068). The distribution of perilesional annular highlyenhanced signal between benign and RCC groups was statistically different (x2=29. 681, P=0.000).Regared it as a diagnostic criteria of RCC,the sensitivity was 26.32% (35/133) ,the specificity was 99.06%(105/106) ,the positive predictive value was 97.22% (35/36),the negative predictive value was 51.72%(105/203) ,and the accuracy was 58.58% (140/239). The perilesional annular highly-enhanced signal was not correlated with the pseudocapsule in pathology ( P = 1. 000). Conclusions The boundary enhancement mode of renal solid lesions at CEUS was divided into five types. The perilesional annular highly-enhanced signal was important in diagnosis of RCC,which was not correlated with the pseudocapsule in pathology.

Objective:To explore the expression levels of MHCⅡ molecules and its regulator genes CⅡTA on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats,and to investigate the underlying immunologic mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis.Methods:The rats were treated with either a single intratracheal bleomycin injection(fibrosis group)or a normal saline injection(control group).The pathologic changes of lung tissues stained with HE and Masson were observed,and the contents of hydroxyproline were detected on the 7th and 28th day respectively after bleomycin administration.The expression of MHCⅡ molecules in the lung tissues was evaluated with immunohistochemistry techniques,and the percentage of MHCⅡ+ cells was measured.The amounts of total CⅡTA and typeⅠ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ CⅡTA mRNA of lung tissues were measured by real-time PCR using Taqman probe.Results:(1)The percentage of MHCⅡ+ cells in lung tissues increased significantly in fibrosis group compared with that of control group on the 7th day and the 28th day[(0.10?0.03)vs(0.06?0.02),P0.05];In fibrosis group,type Ⅳ CⅡTA mRNA was 667.3% [(2.98?0.92)vs(0.39?0.15),P

Objective:To evaluate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ?(PPAR?) and nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) in lungs in patients with pulmonary fibrosis,and to explore their effect on the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.Methods: Immunohistochemical technology was performed to investigate the PPAR? and NF-?B expression in lung specimens from 16 cases of pulmonary fibrosis and 10 cases of normal controls.Results: The positive score of PPAR?(0.35?0.08) in fibrosis group was lower than that in control group(0.42?0.04,P

Objective To measure the longitudinal elastic modulus in patients with acute ischemic stroke by shear wave elasotography(SWE),and to study its feasibility and related factors.Methods There were 1 79 cases with acute ischemic stroke (AIS)including 103 cases with large artery atherosclerosis and 76 cases with lacunar infarction classified according to the TOAST classification.There were 168 age and sex-matched cases as control group.Pulse wave velocity (PWV ) of bilateral carotid was measured by radiofrequency ultrasound.The 20 areas of superficial walls of bilateral carotid artery were analyzed by SWE,and the average values of longitudinal average elastic modulus (MEmean ),the maximum elastic modulus (MEmax )and minimum elastic modulus (MEmin )were calculated.The independent factors of MEmean were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.Results ①Compared with control group, PWV in patients with AIS was increased (P <0.05).②The MEmax and MEmean of carotid artery in patients with AIS were more than those in the control group (P <0.05).③Age,systolic blood pressure,PWV and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were positively related to MEmean (r =0.221 ,0.1 74,0.776 and 0.1 73,respectively,P <0.05 ),and were independent factors for MEmean .Conclusions SWE can evaluated the arterial stiffness using longitudinal elastic modulus of carotid.Age,systolic blood pressure,PWV and LDL were independent factors for longitudinal elastic modulus.

Objective To investigate the intracellular delivery of siRNAs through the applications of ultrasound targeted microbubbles destruction(UTMD)and biodegradable nanoparticles carriers.Methods Preparation of nanoparticles with and without RGD sequences,parameters optimization via L16(45)orthogonal design,control experiments in groups of optimization,RGD targeted nanoparticles,non-RGD nanoparticles and blank control, and determinations by inverted fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry were performed.Results The uptake and fluorescence intensity of PC-3 cells in group of RGD targeted nanoparticle was (93.49±1.37)% and 34.28±2.06 respectively,and that in group of optimization was (88.33±1.24)% and 30.59±3.93 respectively(P＞0.05).Whereas the uptake and fluorescence intensity of PC-3 cells in group of non-RGD nanoparticles was(71.24±2.80)% and 18.39±0.90 respectively,and that in group of optimization was (84.78±2.13)% and 27.18±0.91 respectively(P＜0.05).ConclusionsThe applications of UTMD with RGD targted nanoparticles cannot increase the intracellular delivery of siRNAs.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic results of percutaneous transhepatic stent angioplasty for portal vein stenosis following liver transplant.Methods From 2005 to 2007,7 patients developed portal vein stenosis following liver transplant.Percutaneous transhepatic stent angioplasty of the portal vein was performed in all patients.The therapeutic results were monitored by clinical follow-up and imaging examination.Results In seven patients,the percutaneous transhepatic stents were placed successfully.The follow up period ranged from 3 months to 34 months.Portal venous patency Was maintained in six patients(one patient died due to hepatic arterial thrombosis and ischemic insult to bile duct at three months following the stent placement).No complications due to stent angioplasty occurred.Conclusion Percutaneous transhepatic stent angioplasty is an effective and safe method for treatment of portal vein stenosis following liver transplant.

Objective: To study the action of kangfuxin solution on the experimental gastric ulcer.Methods: The rat gastric ulcer models induced by the ligated pylorus and burned acetic acid, the gastric moucosa injury model induced by the absolute ethyl alcohol were used.Results: Kanfuxin solution possessed the protective action on the rat gastric ulcer model induced by the ligated pylorus and rat gastic mucosa injury model induced by the absolute ethyl alcohol, but didn't affect the rat gastric ulcer model induced by burned acetic acid. Conclusion: Kangfuxin Solution also has the actions of inhibiting the output of gastric acid and pepsin.