Objective To study the mechanical changes of extensor and flexor tendons during use of dynamic orthosis after repair operation on the flexor tendons of hand.Methods An experiment model was established in eight groups (at different stages) using eight descarded fresh and integral human fingers which were broken from the distal plane to the proximal plane of metacarpal bone,thereby while using a dynamic orthosis the extension and flexion movement of extensor and flexor tendons of fingers were induced.An initial tensile force (F) of 0.2 N ～ 0.5 N was exerted on the flexor tendons of each group to simulate the extension and flexion movement of the muscle and a tensometer was connected to the extensor tendon exerting a tensile force (F2) and pulling the finger to the proximal interphalangeal joint at various positions of 20° ～ 50°,thus the tensile force (Fx) of flexor tendons and the tensile force (F2) of extensor tendons were measured.A rubber band was fixed at the distal end of the finger nails to simulate the dynamic orthosis and was pulled toward the proximal-end of the finger,while exerting an initial traction force (F1) of 0.1 N ～ 0.4 N and pull the extensor tendons with the tensometer to cause the finger extension until they reach the same position as that before the simulated dynamic orthosis was employed.Then the tensile force (Fx') of flexor tendons of each group as well as the tensile force (F2') of extensor tendons were measured,after which a statistical comparison was made with regard to the tensile force Fx and Fx' of flexor tendons and the tensile force F2 and F2' of extensor tendons before and after the simulated dynamic orthosis was employed.Results The tensile force (Fx') of flexor tendons during the simulated orthosis was used was compared with the tensile force (Fx) during the simulated orthosis was not used,it showed no statistical significant (P ＞ 0.05) ; in the meantime,by comparing the tensile force F2' and F2 of extensor tendons,it was found that the difference statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001) ; after the orthosis was used the tensile force of extensor tendons F2' increased remarkably with the increase of the initial tensile force F1 during the dynamic orthosis of rubber band was used.Conclusion The tensile force of flexor tendons would not be changed during a dynamic orthosis was used after repair operation on the flexor tendon of hand;however,with the increase of extensor tensile force,the resistance of finger extension would be multiplied and cause more difficulty to do exercise.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the application effect of combined polyfoliate and free flaps of superficial temporal artery and its branches in the wounds on the head and face.Methods:From February 2019 to January 2020, patients diagnosed with head and face skin tumors in the Department of Plastic Surgery of Xiangya Changde Hospital were selected. The lesions were excised, and the superficial temporal artery and its different branches (the parietal branch, the frontal branch, and the perforating branch of the frontal branch) were used to design polyfoliate and free flaps for wound repair. Patients were treated with polyfoliate flaps designed using the parietal or frontal branch with the proximal end of the trunk as the vascular pedicle, polyfoliate flap designed using the perforating branch of the frontal branch with the proximal end of the frontal branch as the vascular pedicle, polyfoliate flap designed using the trunk and parietal branch with the frontal branch as the vascular pedicle, and a free flap designed using the trunk with the proximal end of the parietal branch as the vascular pedicle. All donor sites of the flaps were closed primarily. The survival of the flaps were observed after surgery, and the appearance of the flaps and the recurrence of facial tumors were followed up.Results:In this study, all the patients were aged 18 to 69 years with an average age of 57 years and were diagnosed with head and face skin tumors. Among the six patients, there were five men and one woman. All the flaps survived, and no tumor recurrence was noted during the postoperative follow-up period of 1 month to 10 months. The texture of these flaps was similar to the surrounding skin, with no color difference. In addition, no noticeable scar was noted on both the flaps and the donor sites. The outcome of the repair was satisfactory.Conclusions:The design of polyfoliate and free flaps using different combinations of the superficial temporal artery and its branches can facilitate flexible repair of the wounds on the head and face. This method exhibits certain advantages, such as skin characteristics of the flaps similar to that of the surrounding skin, direct closure of the donor sites, and a satisfactory repair.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the application effect of combined polyfoliate and free flaps of superficial temporal artery and its branches in the wounds on the head and face.Methods:From February 2019 to January 2020, patients diagnosed with head and face skin tumors in the Department of Plastic Surgery of Xiangya Changde Hospital were selected. The lesions were excised, and the superficial temporal artery and its different branches (the parietal branch, the frontal branch, and the perforating branch of the frontal branch) were used to design polyfoliate and free flaps for wound repair. Patients were treated with polyfoliate flaps designed using the parietal or frontal branch with the proximal end of the trunk as the vascular pedicle, polyfoliate flap designed using the perforating branch of the frontal branch with the proximal end of the frontal branch as the vascular pedicle, polyfoliate flap designed using the trunk and parietal branch with the frontal branch as the vascular pedicle, and a free flap designed using the trunk with the proximal end of the parietal branch as the vascular pedicle. All donor sites of the flaps were closed primarily. The survival of the flaps were observed after surgery, and the appearance of the flaps and the recurrence of facial tumors were followed up.Results:In this study, all the patients were aged 18 to 69 years with an average age of 57 years and were diagnosed with head and face skin tumors. Among the six patients, there were five men and one woman. All the flaps survived, and no tumor recurrence was noted during the postoperative follow-up period of 1 month to 10 months. The texture of these flaps was similar to the surrounding skin, with no color difference. In addition, no noticeable scar was noted on both the flaps and the donor sites. The outcome of the repair was satisfactory.Conclusions:The design of polyfoliate and free flaps using different combinations of the superficial temporal artery and its branches can facilitate flexible repair of the wounds on the head and face. This method exhibits certain advantages, such as skin characteristics of the flaps similar to that of the surrounding skin, direct closure of the donor sites, and a satisfactory repair.

Objective: To explore the application and choice of latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap and thoracodorsal artery perforator flap in different wound repair. Methods: From March 2012 to February 2018, 8 cases of different wounds were repaired with island latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap pedicled with dorsal thoracic artery, free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, or thoracodorsal artery perforator flap combined with scapular flap. The patients includes 4 cases of trauma, 2 cases of tumor and 2 cases of osteomyelitis. Among them, 5 cases received pedicled grafting, 2 cases had anastomotic vascular free grafting combined with antibiotic bone cement chain bead, 1 case had thoracodorsal artery perforator flap combined with scapular flap. Results: All 9 flaps of 8 patients survived. The size of the flaps ranged from 22.0 cm×7.5 cm to 28.0 cm×21.0 cm. All the donor and recipient areas healed well. After 2 months to 2 years follow up, all flaps have good blood supply, and the limbs′ function was normal. The appearance of flaps were satisfactory, with fully treated osteomyelitis, and no recurrence of the tumor was observed. Conclusions According to wound characteristics, selective application of thoracodorsal artery perforator flap, pedicled or free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap is effective for the repair of muscle, skin and soft tissue defects, as well as osteomyelitis, after tumor resection.