0.05).Conclusion GH improves FAH of children with GHD.Height at the initiation of puberty is the most significant determining factor for the long-term efficacy.Hence,it is important that the diagnosis should be made and treatment be initiated as early as possible to afford children with GHD the opportunity to make up much of their height deficit before puberty.Adequate dosage of GH should be used for the children taking initial treatment at puberty to attain satisfactory FAH.

Objective To observe the treatment effect of endovascular embolization on intracranial aneurysms combined with hemorrhagic moyamoya disease (MMD). Methods The clinical features and outcomes of 8 patients with intracranial aneurysms combined with MMD, performed endovascular embolizafion in our hospital from January 2002 to February 2010, were retrospectively analyzed. The aneurysms in 6 patients with major artery aneurysm were successfully embolized with Guglielmi detachable coil, and the other 2 (the peripheral artery type) with n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA). Results In the 6 patients performed embolization with Guglielmi detachable coil, 3 got complete embolization, 2 vestigital of the aneurysm neck, 1 partial embolization and all the parent arteries were unobstructed. In the 2 patients performed embolization with NBCA, no imaging was noted on the parent arteries and aneurysms, and no cerebral infarction appeared in the distal blood supply region.Conclusion For MMD patients with aneurysms, we can treat the aneurysms with endovascular embolization safely and effectively.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and risk of endovascular thrombolysis with Urokinase and Tirofiban in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST).Methods Nine patients with severe CVST were performed selective intravenous sinus Urokinase and Tirofiban thrombolysis combined with mechanical thrombus maceration in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2011; their clinical data and treatment efficacy were analyzed.Results Normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was noted in 8 patients before discharging from the hospital; DSA indicated that 7 achieved complete recanalization of main branch of the venous sinus,cortical veins and deep vein.Only 1 achieved reeanalization of sinuses partly,and partial compensation was noted in the cortical veins.No operation-related complication was noted during and after the surgery.After thrombolysis,symptoms and signs of 8 patients improved obviously,and headache disappeared in 7 of them with only mild degree in 1; 1 patient died.Conclusion Intravenous sinus Urokinase and Tirofiban thrombolysis is an effective and safe method for patients with potentially catastrophic intracranial dural sinus thrombosis.

Objective To establish a kind of animal model and methods for neuroendoscope training. Methods With rat abdominal cavity hypothesized as cerebral ventricle, a set of programs for neuroendoscopic operative skill training were designed, including endoscopic techiniques, electronic coagulation, suction, flush, biopsy and balloon dilatation, and so on. Results Simulation operation was performed on rat abdomen under neuroendoscope. The procedure helped to practice the endoscopic manipulation, get to know well how to perform endoscope, coagulation, suction, flash instruments, be familiar with the usage of electric coagulation in the liquid condition. The emphasis was put on the basic skills of pure neuroendoscopic operation such as balloon dilatation, electric coagulation, cutting off,forcep biopsy and flush. Conclusions The rat model can provide a way to train pure neuroendoscopic operation. The trainer can get basic experience with regard to endoscopic manipulation, balloon dilatation, electric coagulation, suction, flush and biopsy under endoscope. The method can be an important part of neuroendoscopic laboratory training.

Objective To study the effect ofT-786C polymorphism of endothelial NO synthase gene on cerebral circulation in smokers with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods Three hundred and ninety-four patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were adopted in our study;smokers and nonsmokers were defined by 200 and 0, respectively, according to the smoking index (quantity of cigarettes per year). Transcranial color-coded Doppler (TCCD) was employed to detect the alterations of flow velocity of cerebral arteries. Genotyping ofT-786C was performed by using a newly developed allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Degree of oxidative stress of these patients were evaluated by measuring the level of F2-isoprostane excretion in the urine. Results The mean flow velocity (Vm) of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) was obviously increased as compared with that of the other normal ones in most of the smokers. The Vm of MCA and ICA in nonsmokers was not obviously different as compared with the normal values. The 3 genotypes ofT-786C in smokers showed significant difference in Vm of MCA and ICA (P＜0.05); the Vm of CC genotype ([60.73±63.58] cm/s) was obviously increased as compared with that of TT ([95.8±53.5] cm/s) and TC ([93.6±51.6] cm/s) genotypes (P＜0.05). The 3 genotypes ofT-786C in nonsmokers did not show significant difference in Vm of MCA and ICA (P＞0.05). The level of F2-isoprostane excretion in smokers was significantly higher than that in nonsmokers (P＜0.05). Conclusion The T-786C polymorphism of endothelial NO synthase gene can increase cerebrovascular Vm by enhancing the cerebrovascular circulation of smokers with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy on embolic cerebral infarction with magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Methods Forty New Zealand white rabbits were performed carotid artery injection of blood clot emboli to induce the animal models of acute cerebral infarction; these models were equally randomized into 4 groups (n=10);non-treatment group was given no treatment; mechanical thrombectomy via femoral artery was performed under DSA 6, 8 and 12 h after the inducement in the 3 treatment groups, respectively. MR-DWI, T1WI and T2WI were performed and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and infarct volume were calculated in each group 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after the inducement. Results DWI demonstrated the ischemic area in all the 40 rabbit models at hyper-acute stage (within 6 h of inducement) with hyperintensity, while T1WI and T2WI showed normal signals. MR-DWI, T1WI and T2WI had significant difference in the relevance ratio of cerebral infarction in these rabbit models at acute stage (within 24 h of inducement, P＜0.05). The DAC value was gradually decreased and the ischemic area was gradually increased at acute stage in the rabbit models of non-treatment group and group of performing mechanical thrombectomy at the 12thh of inducement, however, rabbit models of groups of performing mechanical thrombectomy at the 6th and 8th h of inducement enjoyed the opposite position. The DAC value was higher and the ischemic area was lower 24 h after the inducement in the rabbit models of groups of performing mechanical thrombectomy the 6th and 8th h of inducement as compared with those in the non-treatment group and group of performing mechanical thrombectomy at the 12th h of inducement. Conclusion Mechanical thrombectomy at early stage enjoys significant good results; MR-DWI is a sensitive way in dynamic observing the treatment efficacy of acute cerebral infarction.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the long-term effect of endovascular occlusion with microcoils on traumatic pseudoaneurysms (TPAs) in the common carotid artery in rabbits.

METHODSTPAs in the right common carotid artery were surgically made in 16 rabbits. At 3-4 weeks after operation, the survived 12 models were randomly divided into a control group (n=3) with no treatment and an experimental group (n=9), in which TPAs were intraluminally embolized with microcoils and corresponding therapy was given. Three months after embolization, the TPAs were examined with digital subtraction angiography and pathology.

RESULTSThe 3 rabbits in the control group all died of rupture of TPA. Among the 9 TPAs occluded with microcoils, 4 were completely occluded, 4 were partially occluded, and 1 was excluded due to the microcoils migrating into the parent artery. Three months after embolization, the 4 TPAs which were completely occluded remained obliterated as determined by digital subtraction angiographic findings. The parent artery remained unobstructed and the structure of the TPAs were replaced by a mass of scar tissues. The 4 TPAs which were partially occluded remained unruptured and the microcoils were compressed.

CONCLUSIONSThe lumen in TPA can be completely occluded by microcoils and the parent artery is unblocked. Partial occlusion of the lumen can also prevent the rupture of TPA.

Aneurysm, False ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; therapy ; Angiography ; Animals ; Biopsy, Needle ; Carotid Artery, Common ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Probability ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Sensitivity and Specificity

0.05).However,in the end of the treatment,the patients in the treatment group scored significantly better with all the scales than the control group(P

Myopia is the most common type of refractive error. At present, the characteristics of the low age and rapid growth of myopia in our country are obvious, and the myopia of adolescents and children has become a public health problem of concern to the whole society. Visual experience guides the development of children's refractive state and emmetropization. The occurrence and development of myopia is accompanied by changes in the structure of the eyeball, and the choroid has a thinning trend. The thickness change of the choroid may be determined by blood flow perfusion. Decreased choroidal blood flow perfusion may lead to scleral ischemia and hypoxia, and hypoxia induces scleral matrix remodeling and axial length growth. This article reviews the relationship between choroidal blood flow and myopia, and suggests the significance of paying attention to choroidal changes in the prevention and control of myopia.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biocompatibility of polyurethane-BaFe(12)O(19) magnetic composite microsphere as a new endovascular embolization material.

METHODSThe biocompatibility of BaFe(12)O(19) particle was evaluated in vitro using Ames test, cell toxicity test, acute and subacute systemic toxicity test, hemolysis test, bleeding time and clotting time test and blood clotting function assay.

RESULTSAmes test showed that the MR values of this particle leaching solution were all less than 2 without mutagenicity. Cell toxicity test showed that leaching solution at different concentrations had grade I toxicity on L929 cells. Acute and subacute systemic toxicity test showed that the experimental animals had good general condition without obvious pathological abnormality. The hemolysis rate of experimental group was 2.43%, which met the ISO standard (no more than 5%). The bleeding time and clotting time in mice were comparable between the experimental group and control group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in blood clotting function between experimental group and control group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe material has no obvious toxicity or mutagenicity, and does not cause hemolysis or hemopexis or affect the bleeding time and clotting time. Polyurethane-BaFe(12)O( 19) particle possesses satisfactory biocompatibility.

Animals ; Barium Compounds ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Biocompatible Materials ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; instrumentation ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Microspheres ; Polyurethanes ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Toxicity Tests