At present, the monitoring methods fwor intracranial pressure adopted in clinical practice are almost all invasive. The invasive monitoring methods for intracranial pressure were accurate, but they were harmful to the patient's body. Therefore, non-invasive methods for intracranial pressure monitoring must be developed. Since 1980, many non-invasive methods have been sprung out in succession, but they can not be used clinically. In this paper, research contents and progress of present non-invasive intracranial pressure monitoring are summarized. Advantages and disadvantages of various ways are analyzed. And finally, perspectives of development for intracranial pressure monitoring are presented.
Humans ; Intracranial Pressure ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods

0.05).TNF-? mRNA in the intervenient group was significantly decreased to that of the control group(P

Objective To evaluate the relationship between CT perfusion imaging and clinicopathological features in gastric adenocarcinoma.Methods CT perfusion was performed in 31 cases of gastric cancer diagnosed by endoscopy and biopsy one week prior to operation.After an oral intake of 1000—1200 ml of water and an injection of hypotonic agent,perfusion scan was adopted in sixteen multi- slice spiral CT (MSCT) with 60 s of cine duration.Data were analyzed by a commercial software to cal- culate tumor blood flow (BF),blood volume (BV),mean pass time (MTT) and permeability surface (PS).Microvessl density (MVD) was evaluated by using immunohistochemical staining of surgical specimens with anti-CD34.All these findings were prospectively analyzed and correlated with the clinicopathological find- ings (histological grading,presence of lymph node metastasis,serous involvement,TNM staging and MVD). Results There was significant difference of PS value not only between patients with and without lymphatic in- volvement (P＜0.05),but also in different histological grade (P＜0.05) and TNM staging (P＞0.05). However BF,BV,MTT and MVD of gastric cancer revealed no significant correlation with the clinicopatholog- ical findings above (P＞0.05).Condusion The analysis of CT perfusion imaging in gastric cancer,especially PS value,might be helpful in predicting the prognosis.

Objective To review and investigate the malaria control history of Wuzhou City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 1950 to 2015,so as to provide the evidence for future malaria control and surveillance. Methods The data of ma?laria control in Wuzhou City from 1950 to 2015 were collected and analyzed. Results In 1950 decade,the malaria incidence in Wuzhou City was 1 435.55/100 000,higher than the average level in Guangxi,and the mortality of malaria was 0.95/100 000. The malaria incidence of local residents was reduced to 3.61/100 000 in 1979 and no local malaria case was found since. The im?ported malaria cases were found in Wuzhou City since 1980,and were more than local cases since 1981. In recent five years, 87.50%(7/8)of imported malaria cases were from south?east Asia. Conclusions Wuzhou City has reached the national criteri?on of malaria elimination,but the imported malaria is the recent threat. The surveillance and control work of malaria should be strengthened.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the semen quality and its influencing factors in preconception males in Nanjing area so as to provide some evidence for working out effective intervention measures.

METHODSTotally 687 men receiving preconceptional physical examination were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the subjects along with an analysis of their semen quality.

RESULTSThe median of sperm concentration was 63.3 x 10(6)/ml (95% CI [19.88-119] x 10(6)/ml). The median of grade a sperm was 33.03% (95% CI [19.38-55.05]%), that of grade a + b sperm was 52.08% (95% CI [39.53-69.37]%), and that of teratosperm was 91.75% (95% CI [69-100]%). The median concentration of seminal plasma PMN-elastase was 195.55 ng/ml (95% CI [76.16-3330.38] ng/ml) and that of seminal plasma zinc was 7.62 μmol/L (95% CI [1.5-23, 45] μmol/L). The positive rates of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), and Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) were 42.4%, 0.3%, and 2.4%, respectively. The median of sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) of those whose wives had a history of adverse pregnancy was 20.25% (95% CI [2.15-68.25]%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that mental stress (OR 1.567, 95% CI [1.081-2.27]) and sedentariness (OR 1.772, 95% CI [1.211-2.592]) were independent risk factors for asthenospermia.

CONCLUSIONThe sperm quality of preconception males in Nanjing area is not encouraging, and it can be improved by changing undesirable lifestyle and reducing mental stress.

Adult ; Asthenozoospermia ; etiology ; China ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; isolation & purification ; DNA Fragmentation ; Gardnerella vaginalis ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Leukocyte Elastase ; analysis ; Male ; Preconception Care ; Semen ; microbiology ; Semen Analysis ; statistics & numerical data ; Sperm Count ; statistics & numerical data ; Spermatozoa ; Ureaplasma urealyticum ; isolation & purification

Epigenetics comprises the modifications made in gene expressions without changing the DNA sequence itself. Significant epigenetic changes take place during spermatogenesis and fertilization and exert direct influences on embryogenesis. This article provides an overview of the latest researches on epigenetics of male germ cells and a brief discussion on the correlation of sperm with embryogenesis in four aspects: DNA methylation, histone modification, regulation of non-coding RNAs, and genomic imprinting.
Animals ; DNA Methylation ; Embryonic Development ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Genomic Imprinting ; Histones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Spermatozoa

Objective To study the characteristics of the transcranial electric stimulation(TES)-elicited motor evoked potentials(MEP)recorded from different points of the diaphragm,and to determine the optimal record- ing site in the diaphragm.Methods One EEG electrode was placed subcutaneously in the midline of the skull as stimulation electrode and another EEG electrode was inserted into hard palate submucously as cathode in 30 male rats.And single square wave electrical pulse was used for stimulation.The stimulation intensity was 15 mA,the du- ration of the pulse was 0.2 ms,and the stimulating interval was 200 ms.The concentric needle electrode were insert- ed into the following eight sites:the medial,intermediate,lateral crura of the diaphragm,the junction of the posterior axilla line and the inferior border of the eleventh rib,the junction of the anterior axilla line and the inferior border of the ninth rib,the junction of the intermediate line of the clavicle and the inferior border of the eighth rib,the junction of the para-sternal line and the inferior border of the seventh rib,the pars sternalis.The MEP was recorded from each point,respectively.The optimal sites of the diaphragm MEP were found and recorded.Results The MEPs were re- corded from each of the 8 sites of the diaphragm in all the rats after TES.There was no statistically significant differ- ence among the latencies of every site.But the amplitude varied from 6.08?0.46 mV in maximum along the inferior border of the ninth rib at the anterior line of the axilla to the minimum of O.91?0.03 mV at the pars sternalis. Conclusion It is safer to insert the needle along the inferior border of the ninth rib at the anterior line of the axilla, because there was certain distant from the folding part of the pleura and the amplitude of the recorded wave at this point is maximal.

Objective To observe the treatment effect of endovascular embolization on intracranial aneurysms combined with hemorrhagic moyamoya disease (MMD). Methods The clinical features and outcomes of 8 patients with intracranial aneurysms combined with MMD, performed endovascular embolizafion in our hospital from January 2002 to February 2010, were retrospectively analyzed. The aneurysms in 6 patients with major artery aneurysm were successfully embolized with Guglielmi detachable coil, and the other 2 (the peripheral artery type) with n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA). Results In the 6 patients performed embolization with Guglielmi detachable coil, 3 got complete embolization, 2 vestigital of the aneurysm neck, 1 partial embolization and all the parent arteries were unobstructed. In the 2 patients performed embolization with NBCA, no imaging was noted on the parent arteries and aneurysms, and no cerebral infarction appeared in the distal blood supply region.Conclusion For MMD patients with aneurysms, we can treat the aneurysms with endovascular embolization safely and effectively.

Repeated spontaneous abortion (RSA), with very complicated pathogenesis, has an incidence of about 0.5% 2.0%. As for the paternal part which provides half of the genes for the embryo, current studies mainly focus on the genes of somatic cells or germ cells. Chromosome abnormality of somatic cells, chromosome disorder of sperm, defects in sperm quality, genetic mutation, senility, infection and any other paternal gene abnormalities that affect the embryo would induce RSA. This paper presents an update on the above mentioned paternal factors which might result in RSA.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; etiology ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; DNA Damage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Spermatozoa

OBJECTIVEFemale sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a common problem affecting women's quality of life. However, reports are rarely seen on sexual problems in Chinese women. This study is to investigate the prevalence of FSD among urban Chinese women in Nanjing and offer some evidence for the establishment of preventative measures for FSD in China.

METHODSA cross-sectional hospital-based survey was conducted in Nanjing, China between August 2008 and March 2009. The sexual function of 609 women aged 20 -56 years from the urban area of Nanjing were investigated using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The total FSFI score of < 25 was used as the diagnostic criterion for FSD.

RESULTSThe total FSFI score was 24.21 +/- 4.40 in this group of women, and it decreased with the increase of age. The overall prevalence of FSD was 56.8%, and it increased with the increase of age, 47.1%, 57.0%, 75.0% and 90.3% in the < 29 yr, 30 - 39 yr, 40 - 49 yr and > or = 50 yr groups, respectively. The most common problems were low sexual satisfaction (43.2%) and orgasm disorder (41.7%), followed by sexual pain (40.2%), hyposexuality (35.1%), vaginal dryness (31.4%) and sexual arousal disorder (29.6%).

CONCLUSIONFSD is a common problem among urban Chinese women in Nanjing, and the most common sexual problems are low sexual satisfaction and orgasm disorder.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population ; Young Adult