Objective To set a rapid,simple gene diagnosis method for Down syndrome.Methods Three short tandem repeats(D21S11,D21S1270,D21S1437)loci in or near Down syndrome critical region(DSCR) were analyzed and detected by polymerase chain reaction and DNA quantitative analysis in 11 core ancestry.Results There were four types by DNA quantitative analysis to different individuals at a short tandem repeats(STR) locus.In type one,a homozygote of one allelic gene was detected.In type two,a normal heterozygote of two allelic genes was found,the content or two DNA electrophoresis bands was approximately 1∶1.In type three,a Down syndrome patient of two allelic genes was discovered.The quantity of two electrophoresis bands was nearly 2∶1.In type four,the patient showed three DNA electrophoresis bands which the content was approximately 1∶1∶1.Conclusion A rapid gene diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis method for Down syndrome can be used for quantitative analysis of STR polymorphism loci.

OBJECTIVETo study 3 different strategies of urine drainage following hypospadias urethroplasty, the clinical nursing in their application, and their effects.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 595 cases of hypospadias treated by urethroplasty. After surgery, 133 of the patients underwent urine drainage by suprapubic cystostomy (group A), 202 by urethral stent- tube indwelling (group B), and 260 by early initiative micturition with the urethral stent-tube (group C). All the patients received routine postoperative nursing care required for hypospadias repair.

RESULTSOperations were successfully completed in all the cases. Group C showed a remarkably shorter hospital stay and lower incidence rates of urinary fistula and urethral stricture than groups A and B (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the three indexes between A and B (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONFor urine drainage following hypospadias repair, early initiative micturition with the urethral stent-tube can significantly reduce postoperative complications, decrease difficulties and workload of nursing care, and shorten the hospital stay of the patient.

Cystostomy ; Drainage ; methods ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; surgery ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Urethra ; surgery ; Urethral Stricture ; prevention & control ; Urinary Fistula ; prevention & control ; Urine ; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male

There has been an increasing interest in recent years on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). It is well known that MSCs are capable of self-renewal and differentiating into many cell lineages. MSC can be expended to a large quantity that is required for clinical transplantation. Recent studies show that MSC have potential application in immune diseases due to their unique immunologic characteristics, such as low immunogenicity and immunoregulatory function. But their immunoregulatory mechanism is not yet clear. This review discusses the advances in researches on the mechanism of MSCs' immunoregulatory function and potential clinical application in immune disease and organ transplantation.
Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Graft vs Host Disease ; immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; immunology ; Immunotherapy ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

0.05). The factor score of "preoccupation"in patients with Ins/Del genotype was higher than that with Ins/Ins and Del/Del genotypes(P=0.052),as well as in male patients of experimental group(P=0.052). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that D?H gene-4784-4803del polymorphism may not be associated with qualitative and quantitative characters of schizophrenia. Male schizophrenia patients with Ins/Del encoding D?H gene-4784-4803del are significantly characterized with the character of "preoccupation".

0.05).However,the shorter the history of the disease,the better the efficacy of the treatment.The younger the patient was,the better the efficacy of the treatment.Conclusions Vulva dystrophy can be treated with focused ultrasound effectively and safely.This approach appears to be a new promising treatment method.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of clinical pharmacy services in epilepsy drug treatment.Methods We divided patients into experimental group and control group. Patients in experimental group were treated with clinical pharmacy services. And patients in control group were not. In the following 8 months, we interviewed them periodically.We evaluated the effect of clinical pharmaceutical service by metrics such as curative effect, awareness of knowledge about epilepsy, compliance, the rationality of drug use.Results Experimental group were significantly superior to control group ( P <0.05 ) in metrics like clinical curative effect ( epilepsy controlled rate ) , awareness of knowledge about epilepsy, compliance ( non -occurrence of drug leakage, good living habits, regularly liver function and blood tests), and the rationality of drug use ( taking drugs regularly, and with equal time -intervals ) . Conclusion Clinical pharmacy services can significantly improve the clinical curative effect, epilepsy drug knowledge awareness, compliance, and the rationality of drug use in patients with epilepsy.

Objective To explore the effect on breastfeeding by early position intervention in women after cesarean section. Methods 126 mothers after cesarean section under epidural anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups, including 64 cases and 62 cases. Mothers in two groups were given regular health education,breast-feeding early, sucking early. The mothers in observer group were instructed breastfeeding in different time with position intervention. The mothers in control group were used traditional methods. Results There were significant difference between the two groups in postoperative pain blade, immobility time in early lactation,breastfeeding success rates, feeling after operation, the baby with access position, defecation, enough time of feeding up(P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions Early position intervention after cesarean section can increase the success rate of breastfeeding and the health of the mothers and children.

BACKGROUNDDiagnosis and appropriate treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remain major challenges. We sought to elucidate that persons who share a household with drug resistance tuberculosis patients are at high risk for primary drug resistance tuberculosis and how to prevent these outbreaks.

METHODSWe used 12-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit and 7-locus variable-number tandem repeat to identify household transmission of extensively drug resistant and multiple drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in three families admitted in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated with Tongji University. Drug susceptibility tests were done by the modified proportion method in the MGIT 960 system in the same time. Clinical data were also obtained from the subjects' medical records.

RESULTSAll of the six strains were defined as Beijing genotype by the deletion-targeted multiplex PCR (DTM-PCR) identification on the genomic deletion RD105. Strains from family-1 had the same minisatellite interspersed repetitive unit (MIRU) pattern (232225172531) and the same MIRU pattern (3677235). Strains from family-2 had the same MIRU pattern (2212261553323) and the same MIRU pattern (3685134). Strains from family-3 did not have the same MIRU pattern and they differed at only one locus (223326173533, 223325173533), and did not have the same VNTR pattern with two locus differed (3667233, 3677234).

CONCLUSIONSHousehold transmission exists in the three families. A clear chain of tuberculosis transmission within family exists. Tuberculosis susceptibility should be considered when there is more than one tuberculosis patients in a family. Household tuberculosis transmission could be prevented with adequate treatment of source patients.

Adult ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; classification ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Radiography ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; diagnostic imaging ; transmission ; Young Adult

Genotoxicity research takes an important place in traditional Chinese medicine safety evaluation. Genotoxicity test on traditional Chinese medicine has been paid great attention since 1970s. Currently, the most developed genotoxicity test methods included: bacterial reverse mutation test and mouse lymphoma assay which are used to detect relevant genetic changes, micronucleus test and chromosomal analysis which are used to measure chromosomal aberration, and single cell electrophoresis assay which is used to test DNA damage. This article reviews research progress on genotoxicity of traditional Chinese medicine, evaluation methods of genotoxicity, the problems and solutions on genotoxicity evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine, and new technique used in genotoxicity test.
Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Mutagenicity Tests ; methods

Drug allergy and pseudoallergic reactions are main adverse drug reactions. Allergy is mainly induced by the immunogenicity of drug, drug metabolic products or drug additive. Pseudoallergic reactions may result from the irritation or activation of inflammatory material release. Pre-clinical evaluation of drug allergy and pseudoallergic reactions is included in immunotoxicity evaluation. Now there is no in vivo or in vitro method that could predict all kinds of allergy or pseudoallergic reactions due to the different mechanisms. In the past few years, FDA, SFDA OECD, ICH and WHO have published several guidelines on per-clinical immunotoxicity evaluation, however, no agreement has been reached on allergy and pseudoallergic reactions evaluation. This article reviews the requirements of allergy and pseudoallergic reactions in pre-clinical evaluation.
Drug Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Immune System ; drug effects ; Practice Guidelines as Topic