normal ovarian group (P

Objective: To explore the inhibitory effect of artesunate(Art)on human esophageal carcinoma cells and to study the related mechanism.Methods: Nude mice were inoculated with Eca109 cells subcutaneously on the left upper limbs to establish esophageal carcinoma model.The model mice were divided into 5 groups: first group received 100 mg/kg Art,second group 200 mg/kg Art,third group 300 mg/kg Art,forth group 3 mg/kg cisplatin(DDP),and the fifth group received normal saline.Mass and volume changes of transplant tumors in different groups were observed.Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle,apoptosis,and the expression of CDC25A protein,Smad3 protein and TGF-?protein in the transplanted tumors in mouse model.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of CDC25A,Smad3 and TGF-?mRNA in the transplanted tumors.Results: Nude mouse model bearing human esophageal carcinoma was success- fully created.Compared with the control group,the volume and mass of transplant tumors in Art groups were significantly smaller(P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rh2 (GS-Rh2) on growth inhibition and cell cycle of Eca-109 esophageal carcinoma cell line in culture.

METHODThe effects of GS-Rh2 on cell growth inhibition was detected by MTT assay. Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Cell morphology was observed by a light microscope after HE staining. The protein expression of cell cycle components (cyclinE, CDK2, p21WAF1) were examined by immunocytochemistry and Western blot. The mRNA expression were examined by semiquantitative RT-PCR.

RESULTGS-Rh2 inhibited the proliferation of Eca-109 cells in dose and time-dependent manners. The inhibition rate was about 50% after 1-day treatment with 20 microg x mL(-1) GS-Rh2 x 20 microg x mL(-1) GS-Rh2 induced the mature differentiation and morphological reversion. With increasing dose of GS-Rh2 treatment, the cell number of G0/G1 phase was increased, whereas it decreased at S and G2/M phase. There was significant difference between 10, 20 microg x mL(-1) GS-Rh2 groups and the corresponding group without GS-Rh2 treatement. After treating cells by 20 microg x mL(-1) GS-Rh2 for 1, 2, 3 days individually, the protein and mRNA expression of both cyclinE and CDK2 reduced, while the expression of p21WAF1 enhanced gradually.

CONCLUSIONGS-Rh2 could arrest Eca-109 cells at G0/G1 phase and induce cell differentiation tending to normal. Furthermore, GS-Rh2 had an effect on expression of cell cycle components (cyclinE, CDK2 and p21WAF1) to inhibit Eca-109 cell proliferation.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclin E ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ginsenosides ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo better understand the similarities and disparities between the newly issued Chinese Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults (CG) and exist relevant guidelines by comparing the actual effect on assessment of current clinical management of dyslipidemia in China, in order to promote the use of CG in clinical practice.

METHODSStudy participants included 2094 patients from the Second Multi-center Survey of Dyslipidemia Management in China. The goal attainment rate was defined as the proportion of participants who achieved their target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels specified by CG, the Chinese Expert Recommendations on Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia (CR), the updated Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program (ATP III), respectively.

RESULTS(1) The overall goal attainment rates were 62%, 34% and 50% according to CR, ATP III and CG, respectively. (2) With reference to the CG risk stratifications, the risk of nearly 40% of high risk patients and all very high risk patients were underestimated by CR, whereas the risk of more than 40% of patients in any risk groups were overestimated by ATP III. (3) The disparities in risk stratifications accounted for 90% of the difference in overall goal attainment rate (12%) between CR and CG, while the disparities in the risk stratifications and that in LDL-C target levels were responsible for 29% and 71% of the difference (16%) , respectively, between ATP III and CG.

CONCLUSIONSThere were significant differences in goal attainment rates assessed by different clinical practice guidelines. CG is more aggressive in risk stratification than CR but simpler and easier to use than ATP III, and hence more appropriate to Chinese patients and should be widely promoted in China.

Adult ; China ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Dyslipidemias ; blood ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Risk Assessment ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and significance of cyclin E, cyclin D1, CDK4 and p27 protein in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) and their correlation with tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis.

METHODSExpressions of cyclin E, cyclin D1, CDK4 and p27 protein in 65 patients with ESCC were quantitatively detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe expressions of cyclin E, cyclin D1, CDK4 in poorly-differentiated ESCC were higher than those in well-differentiated ESCC (P = 0.0275, 0.0001, 0.0174). The expression of p27 in poorly-differentiated ESCC was lower than that in well-differentiated ESCC (P = 0.0042). There was positive correlation between cyclin E and cyclin D1, cyclin D1 and CDK4, but negative correlation between cyclin D1 and p27. The expressions of all four proteins were not correlated with lymph node metastasis.

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of cyclin E, cyclin D1, CDK4 and p27 are closely related to tumor differentiation of ESCC. An imbalance between positive and negative control of cell cycling might be critical in the carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cell cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; secondary ; Cell Differentiation ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Cyclin E ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; metabolism ; Cyclins ; metabolism ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of Sterigmatocystin (ST), Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) on apoptosis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) in vitro and thus to further elucidate the putative roles of these three mycotoxins on human immunosystem.

METHODSThe effects of ST, DON and AFG1 on apoptosis of HPBLs were studied with cell culture, flow cytometric (FCM) DNA analysis and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis.

RESULTSDNA agarose gel electrophoresis results showed the characteristic "ladder" pattern of apoptosis in HPBLs treated with ST, DON and AFG1. Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that typical subdiploid peaks of apoptosis in DNA histogram could be seen in all groups treated with the three mycotoxins. Significant time-effect and dose-effect relationships were found between the apoptosis rates and treatment time as well as concentrations of the three mycotoxins.

CONCLUSIONST, DON and AFG1 can induce apoptosis of HPBLs in vitro and may have some negative effects on human immunosystem.

Aflatoxins ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Flow Cytometry ; Food Contamination ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Sterigmatocystin ; pharmacology ; Time Factors ; Trichothecenes ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical management of hyperlipidemia and goal attainment rate in year 2000 to year 2004 - 2006 in China.

METHODData from 2 retrospective surveys (2000 and 2004 - 2006) on clinical management of hyperlipidemia and goal attainment rate were analyzed. A total of 2136 patients were recruited in the 1st survey in year 2000 and 539 patients in the 2nd survey in year 2004 - 2006 from 25 and 21 tertiary hospitals of 12 metropolitan cities. Eligible patients had hyperlipidemia and received lipid-lowering therapy for more than 2 months at the time of survey. Serum lipid levels before and after treatment were analyzed and the goal attainment rate post therapy, defined according to the Chinese National Recommendations for Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidaemia published in 1997, was calculated.

RESULTSClinical characteristics were comparable in patients from the 1st and 2nd survey: age (60.9 and 60.0 years), males (47.2% and 49.3%), type of lipid disorder (mixed hyperlipidemia 62.5% and 66.8%), and patients without coronary artery disease (CAD 61.2% and 68.6%). The percent of statins use was significantly higher in the 2nd survey than in the 1st survey (79.2% vs. 70.3%, P < 0.01). The goal attainment rate was significantly higher in the 2nd survey than in the 1st survey (39.9% vs. 26.6% for all patients, 40.2% vs. 28.8% for hypercholesterolaemia, 39.7% vs. 25.0% for mixed hyperlipidemia, 45.9% vs. 31.7 for patients without CAD, 26.7% vs. 16.6% for patients with CAD, 42.2% vs. 30.1% for patients using statins, and 38.5% vs. 28.3% for patients with diet control, all P value < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAlthough the goal attainment rate has been significantly increased in treated hyperlipidemia patients over recent 5 years in China, it is still far from optimal as suggested by the recommendations. Further efforts should be made to increase the goal attainment rate in patients receiving lipid-lowering therapy.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of EphA2 and EphrinA1 and its relationship with angiogenesis in renal cell carcinoma and its relevance to clinicopathologic features.

METHODSThe expression of the EphA2 and EphrinA1 was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the tissues samples from 68 renal cell carcinomas and 24 normal kidneys, and quantitatively analyzed. The microvessel density (MVD) was determined by CD34 immunostaining of microvascular endothelial cells. Statistical analysis was performed using the software SPSS (version 13.0).

RESULTSThe expression of EphA2, EphrinA1 and MND in the cancerous tissues were significantly higher (P<0.01) than that in the normal ones. Significantly increased expression of EphA2, EphrinA1 and MVD (P<0.01) was detected in cancer tissues with higher grade differentiation, more advanced stage and more lymph node metastasis, respectively (P<0.05 for each group). Expression of the EphA2 and EphrinA1 protein was shown to be positively associated with the MVD assessed by Spearman's correlation and factor analysis (r=0.555, r=0.485, P<0.01). The MVD was also significantly correlated with the diameter of the tumor (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONEphA2 and EphrinA1 are highly expressed in renal cell carcinoma, and positively correlated with histological differentiation, clinical stage and angiogenesis in the cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ephrin-A1 ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptor, EphA2 ; metabolism ; Tumor Burden ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo assess the current status in dietary treatment of hypercholesterolemia and its effects on control of this disease in China.

METHODSTwenty five Tertiary-A hospitals from 12 provinces in China were selected, in which 2136 patients were recruited who had had hypercholesterolemia and had been receiving lipid lowering treatment for at least 2 months. Serum lipids level was determined for each patient at the time of enrollment, and using a simplified food frequency method carried out dietary intake survey. Patients who take meat of less than 75 g per day and eggs of less than 5 per week, and fried foods of less than 5 times per week, and butter cakes and pastry of less than 5 times per week were considered as having their diet controlled.

RESULTSAmong 1746 responded patients, 68.3% reported having controlled diet. Among those reported "controlled", 75% had a diet meeting the requirements suggested by the Chinese Recommendations on Prevention and Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia (CRPTH). The percentage of patients having their serum total cholesterol under control in diet controlled group, according to the CRPTH, was significantly higher than that in diet uncontrolled group (28.8% vs 13.6%, P < 0.01). After adjustment for drug treatment and other covariates, the diet controlled group showed a significantly higher rate in control of hypercholesterolemia than the diet uncontrolled group (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4 approximately 5.2).

CONCLUSIONDiet control significantly improves the status in control of hypercholesterolemia and thus should be reinforced in routine clinical practice.

Anticholesteremic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; blood ; diet therapy ; drug therapy ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVEThe aim of the study was to investigate the association between tea consumption and stroke.

METHODSA cross sectional study was conducted in autumn, 1998. The subjects were from 12 provinces in China. 15 groups of populations were selected by cluster randomized sampling and each group had about 1000 persons, aged from 35 to 60 years old. 14 212 subjects had complete data for analysis. Data regarding tea drinking would include drinking status, dose and type of teas. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between tea consumption and stroke.

RESULTSThere was a strong inverse correlation between tea drinking and stroke after adjusting other risk factors of stroke (P < 0.05). The odds ratio (OR) of stroke was 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42 - 0.85] for subjects who drank tea compared to those who did not. Increased amount of tea consumption per month was associated with decreased stroke prevalence. The association for tea consumption over 150 gram per month and stroke was statistically significant (P < 0.05) with an OR value of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.36 - 0.89). Analytical results indicated that the OR value was 0.24 (95% CI: 0.06 - 1.01) for black tea and other tea (P = 0.05). The OR value was 0.35 (95% CI: 0.18 - 0.72) for green tea (P < 0.01), and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.51 - 1.11) for jasmine tea (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTea drinking was independently associated with prevalence of stroke which might play a role in the prevention of the disease.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Prevalence ; Sampling Studies ; Stroke ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tea ; chemistry