Objective The aim of this study is to establish a practical VX2 tumour model less than or equal to 10 mm from large blood vessel(as standard) for HIFU ablation .Methods 15 New Zealand rabbits were involved ,VX2 tumour blocks were inoculated near postcava through spine path ,and tumour rate was observed two weeks later by anatomy and MRI .Results Three experimental rabbits did not survive ,all the rest of the 12 into the tumour ,assembly tumour rate was 100% (12/12);The tumour rate reaching the standard accounted for 75% (9/12) ,the average distance between the tumour and the inferior vena cava was (5 .6 ± 3 .4)mm . Conclusion It is feasible to establish the VX2 tumor model less than or equal to 10 mm from large blood vessel through spine path .

Adult ; Embolism, Amniotic Fluid ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy

Overlapping PCR technology was employed to splice IFN?and HSA genes in vitro. The spliced gene was inserted into Pichia pastoris secretory vector pPIC9K. The IFN?-HSA gene was designed for secretory expression under the control of promoter AOX1 and Mat a signal peptide in pPIC9K. The recombinant plasmid pPIC9K/IFN?-HSA was linearized by restriction enzyme SalI and transformed into Pichia pastoris KM71 by electroporation. The recombinant strains identified by G418 selection and confirmed by PCR analysis were induced by methanol to express fusion protein IFNp-HSA. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis of the fusion protein showed that the expressed fusion protein IFNp-HSA with an apparent 90kDa molecular weight had the antigenicity of HSA. The specific activity of culture supernatant was about 640IU/ml assayed by the standard amiviral activity test on WISH cells challenged with VSV virus.

Objective To investigate the effects of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)gene in the apoptosis of human trophoblastic cells.Methods The siRNA specific-targeting SHBG gene was transfected into human trophoblastic cells and they were divided into six groups:trophoblasts without transfection in normal control groups(group Ⅰ);transfect liposome in blank control groups(group Ⅱ);transfect nonspecific siRNA in negative control groups(group Ⅲ);transfect SHBG siRNA-Ⅰ,SHBG siRNA-Ⅱ,SHBG siRNA-Ⅲ respectively in trans-fection group(group Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ).Hoechst 33258 dying method was used to detect cell apoptosis.SHBG and Caspase-3 mRNA profiling and the level of SHBG and caspase-3 protein were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot.Results There was no statistical significant difference in the gene expression and protein level of SHBG and caspase-3 in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P >0.05).In Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ group,there was no statistical significant difference in the expression level of SHBG and caspase 3 (P >0.05).Compared with group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,the a-mount of SHBG gene expression decreased obviously,the caspase-3 mRNA and protein level increased obviously and the trophoblast cell ap-optosis increased markedly (P <0.05).Conclusion Through siRNA interference technology can reduce SHBG gene expression in human trophoblastic cells,and it can lead to excessive apoptosis of human trophoblasts cells.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of the present study is to explore the effects of exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress on the antioxidant capacity and diformability of rat red blood cells.

METHODSRats were divided into three group (n = 10): sedentary control (C), exhaustive running exercise (ERE) and moderate running exercise (MRE) groups. Animals in the ERE group started treadmill running at a speed of 20 m/min speed with a 5% gradient, and reached a speed of 25 m/min with gradient 15% in 20 min. Running was continued until exhaustion. MRE group rats running at a speed of 20 m/min with a 5% gradient for 40 min. The levels of free thiol in erythrocyte membrane protein, lipidperoxidation levels and membrane protein components were analyzed. The red blood cell deformability of different groups was also observed.

RESULTSThe results showed that red blood cells were damaged by severe oxidative stress and the anti-oxidative capacity decreased significantly under exhaustive exercise conditions. Besides, lipid peroxidation and protein sulfhydryl cross-link based clustering of membrane were found after exhaustive exercise, and polymers high molecular weight (HMW) was formed. The elongation index (EI) was found to decline significantly in the ERE group compared with the C and MRE groups under shear stress (control group, 0.41 +/- 0.01 at 3 Pa and 0.571 +/- 0.008 at 30 Pa; ERE group, 0.314 +/- 0.013 at 3 Pa and 0.534 +/- 0.009 at 30 Pa; P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively).

CONCLUSIONThese exercise-induced oxidative injure result in a significant decrease in deformability of rat erythrocytes, which in turn leads to dysfunction in the microcirculatory.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Erythrocyte Deformability ; Fatigue ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the morphologic changes of upper airway in obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) associated with micrognathism before and after orthognathic surgery and distraction osteogenesis, and subsequently to instruct clinical jobs effectively.

METHODSNine OSAHS patients associated with micrognathism (8 males, 1 female, mean age: 28.6 years) received orthognathic surgery and (or) distraction osteogenesis, and the curative effect was evaluated according to the subjective feelings and PSG. Upper airway structure before and after the treatment was measured by Somatom Sensation 16 CT scanner.

RESULTSAll 9 patients were clinically cured. The transverse length, the cross section area, and especially the sagittal length of the upper airway were obviously increased after the orthognathic surgery. The changes involved mainly in the velopharyngeal region and the laryngopharyngeal region, but not in the laryngopharyngeal region.

CONCLUSIONSThe orthognathic surgery and distraction osteogenesis can treat the OSAHS patients with microgonathism effectively by increasing their velopharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal sagittal length of upper airway.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Micrognathism ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Pharynx ; diagnostic imaging ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; surgery ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Parthenogenetic activation is a procedure that an oocyte at meiosis II stage is activated into mitosis by some chemical or physical stimulation other than a sperm and the embryo is formed in the absence of any contribution from a male gamete. The activation of oocyte is the result of calcium ion oscillations and deactivation of some cytokines such as maturation promoting factor, mitogen-activated protein kinase and cytostatic factor. Parthenogenetic activation is artificially induced by various kinds of physical and/or chemical methods. The main activation method of human oocyte is chemical methods. The rates of activation and cleavage depend on the age, origin,and culture conditions of the oocyte.
Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cycloheximide ; pharmacology ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Oocytes ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Parthenogenesis ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo report the duration of breastfeeding among a population of Shihezi women and to identify factors that are associated with the duration of any breastfeeding.

METHODSA cohort study was performed among 399 infants and mothers randomly recruited both in the People's Hospital and the Maternal and Child Health Institute in 2003 in Shihezi City to investigate the feeding practices and feeding duration by month. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to identify factors that were associated with the risk for termination of breastfeeding before 24 months.

RESULTSThe median of breastfeeding duration was 6 months (25% quartile was 5 months and 75% quartile was 11 months). A majority of infants were weaned in the sixth month. By 12 months, only 21.8% of infants were still receiving breastfeeding and 0.5% by 24 months. Breastfeeding duration was associated with mother's return to work.

CONCLUSIONSThe duration of breastfeeding in Shihezi City was short.

Breast Feeding ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Food ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo detect the effects of vasectomy on the growth and apoptosis of prostatic tissue cells.

METHODSForty-five SD rats were divided at random into three groups of fifteen each. Vasectomy (Vsm) model was established by ligating the bilateral vas deferens of the rats in Group A and testosterone propionate and normal saline were subcutaneously injected in those of Groups B and C, respectively. The area percentage of each part in the prostatic tissue was measured with computer-assisted image analysis system. The apoptotic rate was examined with TUNEL.

RESULTSThe ratio of stromal area to epithelial plus lumen area in the prostatic tissues in Groups A, B and C were (29.20 +/- 6.85), (39.77 +/- 7.58) and (48.90 +/- 6.49), respectively, and the differences were significant statistically (P all < 0.05). The apoptosis rates in Groups A, B and C were (6.39 +/- 0.84)%, (2.62 +/- 0.57)% and (4.58 +/- 0.93)%, respectively, significantly higher in Group A than in Groups B and C (P all < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONVasectomy may induce interstitium reduction and cell apoptosis in the prostatic tissues of rats, which may help prevent benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Male ; Prostate ; anatomy & histology ; cytology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testosterone Propionate ; administration & dosage ; Vasectomy

OBJECTIVETo study the possible anti-apoptotic mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 on the apoptosis of hippocampal neuron after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury rats.

METHODSTotally 120 healthy male adult SD rats were randomly divided into the cerebral I/R model group (the model group), the low dose ginsenoside Rg1 group (10 mg/kg), the middle dose ginsenoside Rg1 group (20 mg/kg), the high dose ginsenoside Rg1 group (40 mg/kg), and the sham-operation group, 18 in each group. Rats received medication by peritoneal injection. Equal volume of normal saline was peritoneally injected to rats in the sham-operation group and the model group, once daily, for 7 successive days. The cerebral I/R injury model was prepared by 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24-h reperfusion. Rats in the sham-operation group received the same surgical procedure without the carotid arteries occluded. The neurofunction was assessed using Longa EZ method. The injury of hippocampal pyramidal cells was observed by Nissel staining and TUNEL assay. The nerve cell apoptosis rate was calculated. The protein expression levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) were detected using Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the sham-operation group, the score of neurofunction, the apoptosis rate, the expression levels of p-JNK and p-ERK1/2 increased, the survived number of pyramidal cells decreased in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the score of neurofunction and the apoptosis rate decreased in each ginsenoside Rg1 group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The survived number of pyramidal cells increased in the high and middle dose ginsenoside Rg1 groups, the expression of p-JNK in the hippocampal CA1 region decreased, and the expression level of p-ERK1/2 increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the low dose ginsenoside Rg1 group, the score of neurofunction, the apoptosis rate, the p-JNK protein expression decreased, the survived number of pyramidal cells increased, the expression of p-ERK1/2 increased in the high and middle dose ginsenoside Rg1 groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Three to four layers of pyramidal cells were arranged tightly and compactly in the hippocampal CA1 region of the sham - operation group. The nucleus was big and round under high power lens, with 1 -2 kernel. After cerebral I/R injury, the hippocampal nerve cells were severely injured. Normal structure was lost in the CA1 region, with disarranged cell line and reduced cell amount. Partial neurons were shrunken, and the kernel was condensed and darkenedly stained. They were in triangular, long strip, fusiform, or irregular shape. The staining of nucleus was clustered and the kernel was not clear. Ginsenoside Rg1 (20 and 40 mg/kg) could improve the morphology of ischemic nerve cells, reduce their loss. Of them, stronger effects were shown in the high dose ginsenoside Rg1 group than in the middle dose ginsenoside Rg1 group. The JNK protein band was divided into two subzones, JNK1 (46 kD) and JNK2 (54 kD). ERK protein band was also divided into two subzones, ERK1 (44 kD) and ERK2 (42 kD).

CONCLUSIONThe protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on cerebral I/R injury was correlated with inhibiting the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, regulating the expression levels of p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; metabolism ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacology ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism