Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Ulna ; injuries ; Wrist Injuries ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Young Adult

Steroidal saponins have a wide range of pharmacological effects and biological activities, such as anti-tumor, antifungal, hypoglycemic, immune regulation, insecticides, etc. In the last ten years, some new structures of steroidal saponins compounds were found from natural plants, they have some new and different activities. In order to accelerate the research on the drug innovation of steroidal saponins, we summarized the new progress of the research on such compounds.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Antifungal Agents ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Steroids ; pharmacology

The Her-2 proto-oncogene encodes a 185kDa transmenbrane glycoprotein p185 which has intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. It is overexpressed in several malignant human tumors like breast cancer. A chimeric antibody by assembling a single-chain Fv antibody and a human IgG1 Fc fragment was constructed. This chimeric antibody reacts with tumor surface antigen p185c-erbB-2 specifically. In order to put the antibody into clinical application, two steps purification method was used to attain the antibody’s purity more than 95%. Both the lyophilized pharmaceutical formulations of the antibody were found. The formulations can keep the stability and activity of the antibody for at least one year. These results were the foundation of the chimeric antibody for cancer therapy.

Objective: To analyze the survival rate of stomach cancer patients and its variation during different periods in Linzhou city, Henan Province, from 1988 to 2004, and evaluate the level of secondary prevention and diagnosis of stomach cancer in this area. Methods: All of the incidence and death records of stomach cancer from 1988 to 2004 were collected and matched from Linzhou Cancer Registry. The records that were identified as duplicate cases or had only death certificate (DCO) were excluded. The tumor cause eliminated life tables in this area were calculated and linked to the data of incidence and death of stomach cancer. FivE-year observed survival rates and fivE-year relative survival rates in three periods (1990-1994, 1995-1999, and 2000-2004) were calculated using period survival analysis mehod. The relative survival curves in the three periods were plotted. Results:The 5-year relative survival rate of stomach cancer was 26.66% during 1990-1994, 32.01% during 1995-1999, and 40.43% during 2000-2004 in Linzhou city. It showed a gradually increasing trend. The 5-year survival rates were higher in males than those in females. During 1990-1994 and 1995-1999, the 5-year survival rates of gastric cardia cancer were higher than those of non-cardia cancer. During 2000-2004 period, the 5-year survival rate of gastric cardia cancer was lower than that of non-cardia cancer. Conclusion: The survival rates of stomach cancer in Linzhou city are increasing gradually since 1990s in 20 century. It indicates that the levels of secondary prevention and clinical diagnosis and treatment on stomach cancer kept increasing in this area.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, many manufacturing techniques have been recently developed for soft tissue engineering scaffolds. Especialy additive manufacturing with a unique material accumulated forming principle can be feasible and reliable to manufacture the highly precise scaffolds with gradient structures and multi-materials for large soft tissue defect repairing.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize scaffolds manufacturing technologies in the soft tissue engineering applications developed in recent years and to predict the direction of development.
METHODS: A retrieval was performed for the literature about the manufacturing methods of soft tissue scaffolds using key words of “additive manufacturing, microfabrication, vascular tissue engineering, muscle tissue engineering, cartilage tissue engineering, stereolithography, 3D printing, biodegradable hydrogel” in English and Chinese, which were published between January 2010 and September 2013 in PubMed Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Database.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:For large soft tissue defects repairing, structure design of the scaffolds has been shifted from a simple planar structure to a more complex three-dimensional structure, and integration of scaffold structure, materials and cels, and growth factors during the manufacturing procedure can be used to obtain the resolution of vascularization. Additive manufacturings become one of the most promising approaches for the ideal soft tissue scaffolds with gradient and complex structure and multi-materials. In particular, the hydrogel/cellcomposite scaffolds fabrication, a hot but promising approach to develop the soft tissue engineering wil be made progress by the accurate principles and processes of the hydrogel additive manufacturing combined with the introduction of living cels and growth factors.

Objective To explore the relationship between insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders in patients with essential hypertension (EH).Methods Glucose metabolism rate (GMR) was measured by euglycemic insulin clamp technique,and salt sensitivity was tested by increase in blood pressure after salt load and its decreases alter depletion of sodium in 26 healthy subjects and 84 patients with EH.Results GMR lowered significantly in patients with EH than that in healthy subjects,P

Based on reservoir condition and fluid characteristics, the oil-degrading bacterial strain NX-2 was screened from Ma-2 fault block of Huabei oil field. Bacterial metabolism and the capability of improving oil property were evaluated on oxygen-deficient condition. At 87℃ which reservoir temperature is, artificial homogeneous core displacement experiment indicated the enhanced oil recovery of microbe was 7.1% higher than that of waterflooding. In experiment on individual well Ma-410, additional oil production of 669 tons was gained, and decreased water production of this trial well reached more than 3000 tons. These results demonstrated NX-2 could adapt to stratum conditions, enhance oil recovery and improve oil property as well.

HER2, a member of epidermal growth factor receptor family proteins, is overexpressed in about 30% of human breast cancer. Increased levels of HER2 are associated with poor patient prognosis and enhanced metastasis. RNA interference (RNAi) is developed recently as a new technique which can inhibit gene expression specifically in mammalian cells. On the basis of previous study,in which two target sequences with favorable RNAi effect on HER2 were identified, a series of dual promoter siRNA-expressing vectors containing two opposing U6 and H1 promoters were constructed. After transfection of HER2-overexpressing SKBR3 breast cancer cells with the siRNA-expressing vectors, downregulation of HER2 was identified quantitatively. Subsequently, the siRNA-expressing cassettes were subcloned into lentiviral vectors by LR recombination reaction and lentivirus was prepared successfully. The results from infection of SKBR3 cells with siRNA-expressing lentivirus demonstrated that lentiviral-mediated RNAi could downregulate HER2 expression efficiently through fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR), western blot, and FACS analysis. Furthermore, cell growth was inhibited in cell proliferation assay after treatment with siRNA lentivirus.A new tool for clarifying the function of HER2 in cancer metastasis and developing the gene therapy drug was offered.

Effect of p-nitrophenol shock on microbial populations and sludge activity in UASB reactor was studied by DGGE-PCR of 16S rDNA fragments and detection of COD removing and biogas yield.The results showed that p-nitrophenol seriously inhibited the sludge activity,resulting in the drop of biogas and COD removing rate.The 40mg/L p-nitrophenol had more inhibition than 20mg/L p-nitrophenol.It would take 27 and 16 days respectively for reactor to recover after 40mg/L and 20mg/L p-nitrophenol shock.The diversity of eubacteria and methanogens were also effected by the p-nitrophenol shock.The variation of eubacteria was more than that of methanogens after p-nitrophenol shock.The drop of biogas was mainly related to the variation of Methanosaeta sp.and Methanomicrobia sp.after p-nitrophenol shock.Among the eubacteria the population of Chloroflexi sp.、Bacteroide sp.and Anaerovibrio sp.decreased greatly after p-nitrophenol shock.And more,the Rheinheimera sp disappeared after 40mg/L p-NP treatment.But the Flavobacteria sp.appeared after p-nitrophenol shock,which was probably related to the degradation of p-NP.

Objective To observe the changes of abdominal oxygen saturation in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI)with feeding intolerance (FI)within 1 4 days after birth monitored by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).Methods VLBWI fitting entry criteria were enrolled into this study.NIRS monitoring was carried out to detect cerebral oxygen saturation (ScO2 )and abdominal oxygen saturation (SsO2 ).Data were analyzed between FI infants and feeding tolerance (FT)infants.FI was defined as follows:gastric residual of more than 50% of the previous feeding volume;emesis or abdominal distention or both;decrease,delay or discontinuation of enteral feedings. Results 93 VLBWI were enrolled.52 cases(55.91 %)presented with FI,including 29 cases(31 .1 9%)of gastric residual increasing and 23 cases(24.73%)of emesis with or without abdominal distention within 1 4 days after birth. The levels of SsO2 and SsO2 /ScO2 showed no differences in infants with FT and with FI within 24h after birth (P >0.05).The change rates of the median of SsO2 and SsO2 /ScO2 in FT infants were similar during 1 4 days (P >0.05).While both the change rates of SsO2 and SsO2 /ScO2 were markedly decreased 1 day before and the day of FI (P <0.01 ).The decreasing degree of SsO2 was similar between infants with gastric residual increasing and infants with emesis with or without abdominal distention[(1 6.2 ±5.1 )vs (1 7.4 ±3.6)%,t =0.733,P =0.476]. Conclusion Abdominal oxygen saturation measured by NIRS may be a useful method for infants adjusting the feeding plan.