Objective To find out the iodine nutritional status of children in Xiamen island, and to provide the scientific basis for iodine supplimentation. Methods On March 2010, thyroids of all children aged 6to 12, from primary school on the Xiaodeng island of Xiamen were examined by palpation, urinary iodine, iodine content of salt athome and IQ level were tested, and were collected 20 households, iodine content of drinking water was tested randomly. Results IQ testing and thyroid palpation were carried out among a total of 156 children, the goiter rate of children was 1.28% (2/156), the mean IQ was 110; 154 urine samples were taken, the median urinary iodine was 219.1 μg/L; a total of 153 salt samples were tested, and the qualified rate of iodized salt was 87.58%(134/153), and the mean iodine content in the tap water was 4.52 μg/L Conclusions Iodine nutritional status of the island residents is better, and there are no such problems as excessive iodine.

Objective To assess and optimize the dosage regimens of nor-vancomycin in patients with different renal functions.Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) distribution was determined by agar dilution method with the target value of AUC 0-24/MIC≥638.Ten thousand cases in virtue of Monte Carlo simulation were performed in dif-ferent doses to obtain probabilities of target attainment ( PTA) and cumu-lative fractions of response ( CFR ) in patients with different renal func-tions.Results For the patients with normal renal function , when En-terococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were treated with recommen-ded dose , from 0.8 to 1.6 g· d-1 , the CFR were lower than 59.77%.The CFR could reach to 83.95%and 73.10%when the dose was adjus-ted to 2.5 g· d -1.For the patients with moderate renal function insuffi-ciency , the CFR could reach to 82.81% at the dose of 0.8 g · d -1 against Enterococcus faecalis.The CFR could reach from 73.10% to 86.84%at the dose from 0.8 to 2.5 g · d-1 in the process of treating Enterococcus faecium.For the patients with severe renal function insuffi-ciency , the CFR could reach to 97.77% and 85.90% respectively a-gainst Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium.Conclusion Monte Carlo simulation provides dosage regimens and the norvancomycin regimen is complemented and optimized.

Objective To investigate the current conditions of water iodine,childrens'iodine nutrition and residents'edible circumstance of iodized salt in the villages with high iodine in drinking water and the adjacent three villages in Xiamen city of Fujian province.Methods Four natural villages of Qianbian,Donglian,Dazhong and Dongshan of Xiangan county were chosen as survey spots in 2008.In each village,one running water sample and all well water samples were collected to obtain the benchmark for each location.All children aged 7-13 year in the four villages underwent thyroid palpation and were selected to measure the urine iodine and the salt iodine.The water iodine and urine iodine were determined by As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry digestion,salt iodine was determined by direct titration.Results In four investigated villages,iodine of four running water samples were all 1.5μg/L.The range of 237 well water iodine samples was from 0.1 μg/L to 506.0 μg/L.There were 18.6% (44/237)specimens in which the well water iodine less than 10 μg/L,73.4%(174/237)between 10 μg/L and 150 μg/L and 8%(19/237)more than 150μg/L.The median of urinary iodine was 153.3 μg/L in 79 urine samples,which was 114%(9/79)more than 200μg/L and less than 300μg/L,12.7%(10/79)equal or more than 300 μg/L and less than 500μg/L,7.6%(6/79)equal or more than 500μg/L and less than 800 μg/L in all samples.Seventy-nine students were examined by palpation and the total goiter rate of children measured was 11.4% (9/79).Seventy-one samples of iodine salt were detected and the coverage rate of iodized salt was 77.5%(55/71).Conclusions The well water iodine contents have a wide distribution in the investigated villages.We should enhance the community awareness by educating them on the damage of iodine excess and iodine deficiency.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the utilization of carrier for delivering osteoblasts and creating autogenous bone tissue in ectopic site of animal via injection.

METHODSBone marrow cells harvested from iliac bone of New Zealand rabbits were induced to differentiate into marrow stromal osteoblasts. The osteoblasts were mixed with 1.5% alginate sodium solution to generate osteoblasts/alginate composites with final cellular density of 4 x 10(9)/L. Calcium chloride was used as cross-linking agent to gel aqueous alginate solution. The marrow stromal osteoblasts/alginate composites were injected into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rabbits with autogenous cells transplantation. The samples were examined with X-ray and histological analysis.

RESULTSFour, eight and twelve weeks after injection, the hard knobbles were easily palpated under the dorsal skin of animals. On X-ray photograph the samples showed calcified image with more density than surrounding soft tissue, new bone formation was observed in the osteoblasts/alginate composites in histological analysis. The osteogenesis was in association with regenerated hematopoietic bone marrow.

CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate that new bone tissue could be created through the injection of alginate sodium treated with autogenous marrow stromal osteoblasts.

Alginates ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Glucuronic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Hexuronic Acids ; administration & dosage ; Osteoblasts ; transplantation ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Tissue Engineering

OBJECTIVETo explore the implication of the dynamic changes of plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level and Tei index of left ventricle (LV) in children with ventricular septal defect (VSD) treated by transcatheter closure.

METHODSSixty children with VSD treated by transcatheter closure with VSD occluder (Group VSD) and 30 healthy children (Group C) were included in this study. The plasma concentration of NT-proBNP, Tei index of LV and left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured in Group C and at before, 5th minute, 4th hour, 1st month, 3rd month and 6th month after VSD closure in Group VSD.

RESULTS(1) The concentration of plasma NT-proBNP was significantly increased in children with VSD before transcatheter closure compared with Group C [(229.45 ± 57.75) ng/L vs. (99.21 ± 46.86) ng/L, P < 0.01], significantly increased at 5th minute and 24th hour after transcatheter closure [(356.27 ± 96.78) ng/L and (356.38 ± 91.95) ng/L vs. (229.45 ± 57.75) ng/L, all P < 0.01], and significantly decreased at 1st month, 3rd months and 6th months after transcatheter closure [(131.33 ± 34.79) ng/L, (96.56 ± 31.55) ng/L and (93.39 ± 29.46) ng/L vs. (229.45 ± 57.75) ng/L, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01]. (2) The Tei indexes of LV in Group VSD before transcatheter closure were significantly higher than in Group C (0.45 ± 0.05 vs. 0.33 ± 0.08, P < 0.01) and Tei index was significantly increased at 24th hour, 1st month after transcatheter closure (P < 0.01) while significantly decreased at 3rd and 6th month compared with those before transcatheter closure (0.34 ± 0.07 and 0.34 ± 0.06 vs. 0.45 ± 0.05, all P < 0.01). (3) There is a positive correlation between the changes of the plasma concentration of NT-proBNP and the change of Tei index of LV before and after transcatheter closure (r = 0.653, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTei index of LV and NT-proBNP can monitor cardiac function changes in children with VSD before and after transcatheter closure.

Adolescent ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; blood ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Heart Ventricles ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; blood ; Peptide Fragments ; blood

OBJECTIVETo evaluate neointimal proliferation following placement of a new drug-eluting stent (BUMA) by optical coherence tomography (OCT).

METHODSTwenty-two patients with coronary artery disease were randomized into BUMA group (n=15) and Endeavor group (n=7) and underwent OCT imaging after 9 months of stent implantation.

RESULTSThe neointima hyperplasia (NIH) thickness in BUMA group were significantly smaller than that in endeavor group (0.220-/+0.140 mm vs 0.269-/+0.207 mm, P<0.001), and the uncovered Struts were significantly lower in BUMA group than in Endeavor group (5.65% vs 6.56%, P<0.0001). The luminal late loss in BUMA group was also significantly lower (34.87-/+11.50 vs 40.82-/+18.53, P=0.025).

CONCLUSIONBUMA stent is safe and effective for treatment of coronary artery disease.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; adverse effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Coronary Artery Disease ; pathology ; therapy ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Tunica Intima ; pathology

Objective To assess the iodine nutritional status of special target population in coastal saltproducing areas and coastal non-salt-producing areas in Xiamen city,and to provide a basis for take appropriate measures for prevention of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods The Xiang-An salt-producing areas and the JiMei non-salt-producing areas were chosen as research spots in 2009.One sample of produced water and 2 samples of tap water were collected to test iodine level; 600 children aged 8 to 10 were selected and thyroid palpation was performed,besides,the urine sample and household salt sample were also collected for iodine determination.Sixty pregnant women,breasffeeding women,and 0 - 2 year old infants were recruited,respectively,and urine samples and household salt samples were collected to perform the determination of iodine level.Results The iodine levels in drinking water of Xiang-An district and Ji-Mei district were 3.23 and 6.05 mg/L,respectively.The consumption rates of edible qualified iodinated salt were 84.4％ (438/519) and 98.3％ (392/399),respectively.The goiter rates of children aged 8 - 10 were 3.03％(19/628) and 0.67％(4/600),respectively.The medians of urinary iodine were 202.80 and 238.40 μg/L,respectively.The proportions of urinary iodine level ＜ 50 μg/L were 3.5％ (14/405) and 1.0％(2/202),respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of the pregnant women were 120.55 and 153.35 μg/L,respectively,and the proportions of urinary iodine level ＜ 150 μg/L were 62.1％ (46/74) and 46.8％ (29/62),respectively.The medians of urinary iodine in three trimester were 173.10,144.75 and 101.90 μg/L,respectively,early trimester of pregnancy ＞ second trimester and third trimester (Z =6.151,3.052,all P ＜ 0.05),second trimester ＞ third trimester (Z =2.016,P ＜ 0.05 ).The medians of urinary iodine of the breastfeeding women were 131.20 and 104.35 μg/L,respectively.The proportions of urinary iodine level ＜ 100 μg/L were 35.3％ (24/68) and 46.7％(28/60),respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of the infants were 81.95 and 80.20 μg/L,respectively,the proportions of urinary iodine level ＜ 100 μg/L were 59.7％(37/62) and 61.6％(40/65),respectively,＜ 50 μg/L were 32.3％ (20/62) and 30.8％ (20/65),respectively.Conclusions The levels of iodine nutrition in pregnant women,breastfeeding women,and 0 - 2 year old infants from Xiang-An district and Ji-Mei district in Xiamen city are still below the desired level of iodine nutrition,and the infants and pregnant women in coastal salt-producing areas are poor in iodine nutrition,we should pay close attention.We should strengthen market supervision on iodized salt,carried out iodine nutrition monitoring on pregnant women,breasffeeding women,and infants,and disseminate knowledge of iodine nutrition among high-risk population should be carried out immediately.

Objective To evaluate the characteristic of late stent malapposition after drug-eluting stent implantation by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods The study comprised of 32 patients (target vessels: 51, total stents: 71) underwent drug eluting stent implantation one year ago[average (14.8±5.2) months]. OCT images of the stent were analyzed at interval of 0. 5 mm. The stent malapposition was detected, the thickness of intima and gap between the stem strut and vessel wall were measured. Results Stent malapposition was detected in 7 patients without clinical cardiac events, including positive remodeling (n =4), overlapping stents (n = 1) and stent struts covered with thrombus (n = 2). Stent strut apposition with complete intima coverage was about 97.6%, stent struts malapposition was 2.4% including half of struts located at the ostium of side branch. The intima coverage of stent struts is similar between the struts at the side branch and others[(0.06 ± 0.05) mm vs. (0.05 ± 0.03) mm, P > 0.05]. Conclusion The causes of late stem malapposition include the primary malapposition after stent implantation, positive remodeling, overlapping stents and stent struts located at the astium of side branch.Thinner infima coverage was also observed on the stent struts with malapposition.

Objective:To investigate the application value of single-sperm sequencing in resolving the carrier status of preim-plantation genetic testing(PGT)for chromosomal structural rearrangements in Robertsonian translocations.Methods:Haplotypes were constructed by single-sperm isolation combined with single-sperm sequencing for a patient with 45,XY,der(13;14)(q10;q10).Twenty single-sperm samples were isolated by mechanical braking and subjected to whole-genome amplification(WGA),and then the Asian Screening Array(ASA)gene chip was used to detect the 183 708 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)of the WGA products.The single sperm associated with the translocation that could be used as haplotype inference was detected by copy number variation(CNV)sequencing,and the chromosomal haplotypes with normal and Robertsonian translocations were inferred.Three biopsy samples of embryonic trophoblast cells were used as the objects.After whole-genome amplification,high-throughput sequencing was employed to determine the status of the translocation chromosome carried by the embryos.The available blastocysts were selected for transfer,and the amniotic fluid samples were taken at 18 weeks of gestation to confirm whether the fetus carried the pathogenic muta-tion.Results:A total of 6 037 SNP sites were screened by single-sperm sequencing,and 30 sites selected to distinguish normal and translocation haplotypes.Preimplantation haplotype analysis showed that all the three embryos were euploids without Robertsonian translocation chromosome.Genetic testing of amniotic fluid in the second trimester confirmed that the karyotype of the fetus was 46,XN,carrying no Robertsonian translocation chromosome.Conclusion:For male carriers of Robertsonian translocation,single sperm sequencing can be used to screen SNP sites to construct haplotypes for distinguishing normal and Robertsonian translocation em-bryos,and to provide a basis for embryo selection by preimplantation chromosomal structural genetic testing.

AIM To investigate the effects of stir-frying,processing with butter and carbonizing by stir-frying on oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus and Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis.METHODS The volatile oils and fatty oils were extracted by steam distillation method and Soxhlet extraction method,respectively,after which the extraction rates were determined.GC-MS was applied to analyzing the kinds and relative contents of oil components,after which cluster analysis was performed.RESULTS After the processing,the two medicinal materials demonstrated increased extraction rates of fatty oils and decreased extraction rates of volatile oils(except for processing with butter),the extraction rates of oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus were higher than those in Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis,and the reduced relative contents of toxic olefin benzene components were observable.CONCLUSION The kinds and relative contents of oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus and Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis exist obvious differences,the former displays better medicinal quality,whose processing mechanism in alleviating dryness and strength may contribute to the reduction of relative contents of toxic olefin benzene components.