As known so far,Sporosarcina pasteurii,or formally termed as Bacillus pasteurii,was considered as one of the most efficient biosystem which is capable of inducing biological mineralization through breaking down urea.Taking advantage of the ‘super power’ of bio-mineralization,Sporosarcina pasteurii has been successfully utilized in application of solidifying sand as a novel biological construction technology,termed as ‘bio-cementation’ Due to the nature of Sporosarcina pasteurii isolated from soil,non-pathogenicity has been observed,it was considered as a very environmentally friendly method.Recently,Sporosarcina pasteurii has been further applied into fields including environmental improvement and biomedicine.However,the mechanism under the strong Sporosarcina pasteurii mediated bio-mineralization is still not well understood.Here,the knowledge and the up-to-date studies about the biological mechanism of Sporosarcina pasteurii mediated bio-mineralization,and the utilization in construction,environment,and biomedicine are reviewed.

Objective To assess and optimize the dosage regimens of nor-vancomycin in patients with different renal functions.Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) distribution was determined by agar dilution method with the target value of AUC 0-24/MIC≥638.Ten thousand cases in virtue of Monte Carlo simulation were performed in dif-ferent doses to obtain probabilities of target attainment ( PTA) and cumu-lative fractions of response ( CFR ) in patients with different renal func-tions.Results For the patients with normal renal function , when En-terococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis were treated with recommen-ded dose , from 0.8 to 1.6 g· d-1 , the CFR were lower than 59.77%.The CFR could reach to 83.95%and 73.10%when the dose was adjus-ted to 2.5 g· d -1.For the patients with moderate renal function insuffi-ciency , the CFR could reach to 82.81% at the dose of 0.8 g · d -1 against Enterococcus faecalis.The CFR could reach from 73.10% to 86.84%at the dose from 0.8 to 2.5 g · d-1 in the process of treating Enterococcus faecium.For the patients with severe renal function insuffi-ciency , the CFR could reach to 97.77% and 85.90% respectively a-gainst Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium.Conclusion Monte Carlo simulation provides dosage regimens and the norvancomycin regimen is complemented and optimized.

The study aimed to investigate the impact of intraclot recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) on perihematomal edema (PHE) development in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) treated with minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and the effects of intraclot rt-PA on the 30-day survival. We reviewed the medical records of ICH patients undergoing MIS between October 2011 and July 2013. A volumetric analysis was done to assess the change in PHE and ICH volumes at pre-MIS (T1), post-MIS (T2) and day 10-16 (T3) following diagnostic computed tomographic scans (T0). Forty-three patients aged 52.8±11.1 years with (n=30) or without rt-PA (n=13) were enrolled from our institutional ICH database. The median rt-PA dose was 1.5 (1) mg, with a maximum dose of 4.0 mg. The ratio of clot evacuation was significantly increased by intraclot rt-PA as compared with controls (77.9%±20.4% vs. 64%±15%; P=0.046). From T1 to T2, reduction in PHE volume was strongly associated with the percentage of clot evacuation (ρ=0.34; P=0.027). In addition, PHE volume was positively correlated with residual ICH volume at the same day (ρ ranging from 0.39-0.56, P<0.01). There was no correlation between the cumulative dose of rt-PA and early (T2) PHE volume (ρ=0.24; P=0.12) or delayed (T3) PHE volume (ρ=0.19; P=0.16). The 30-day mortality was zero in this cohort. In the selected cohort of ICH patients treated with MIS, intraclot rt-PA accelerated clot removal and had no effects on PHE formation. MIS aspiration and low dose of rt-PA seemed to be feasible to reduce the 30-day mortality in patients with severe ICH. A large, randomized study addressing dose titration and long-term outcome is needed.

OBJECTIVETo inhibit the expression of connexin43 (Cx43) in the human corpus cavernosum penis smooth muscle cells by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and detect the gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC), and to investigate the application of siRNA technology in the gap junction of corpus cavernosum penis smooth muscle cells and its role in the penile erection process.

METHODSWith the help of the software of Ambion Corporation, the specific recombinant plasmids with siRNA targeting human Cx43 gene were constructed. The recombinant plasmids having been stably transferred into human corpus cavernosum penis smooth muscle cells for 48 hours, semi-quantitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting techniques were used to examine the inhibitory effects of siRNA on the expressions of the Cx43 gene and protein, in comparison with the siRNA negative control and the blank control group, respectively. The GJIC was detected by scrape-loading and fluorescence dye transfer experiments through the fluorescence microscope.

RESULTSThe results of enzyme digestion analysis and DNA sequencing showed that the recombinant plasmid pSilencer 1.0-U6-siRNA-Cx43 was successfully constructed. The relative levels of Cx43 mRNA and protein expression in the smooth muscle cells were (0.45 +/- 0.08)% and (0.56 +/- 0.06)% after successful transfer of the recombinant plasmid. However, the expression levels of mRNA and protein were (0.72 +/- 0.04)% and (0.80 +/- 0.08)% in the negative siRNA transfer group, and (0.74 +/- 0.09)% and (0.77 +/- 0.11)% in the blank control, respectively, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). The GJIC also decreased significantly.

CONCLUSIONsiRNA can significantly inhibit the expression of Cx43 and block the GJIC in the human corpus cavernosum penis smooth muscle cells. siRNA technology plays an important role in penile erection and flaccidity.

Blotting, Northern ; Cells, Cultured ; Connexin 43 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Intercellular Junctions ; Male ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; physiology ; Penis ; cytology ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation between multi-drug resistance-associated protein 4(MRP4) and the sensitivity of rectal cancer to radiation.

METHODSA total of 95 patients with advanced rectal cancer and received radiation therapy between January 2000 and January 2009. MRP4 and P53 protein expression in the paraffin-embedded specimen were detected by immunohistochemistry. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with the sensitivity of rectal cancer to radiation.

RESULTSForty patients(42%) were sensitive to radiation therapy, of whom 10(11%) achieved pathological complete remission. Fifty-five patients were (58%) not responsive to radiation. Patients with low expression of MRP4 had a 66.7%(24/36) response rate, significantly higher than that of patients with high MRP4 expression (29.1%,16/59)(P<0.05). Patients with low expression of P53 had a 63.9%(23/36) response rate, significantly higher than that of patients with high P53 expression(28.8%,17/59)(P<0.01). The response rate after long course radiation therapy was 83.3%(20/24), significantly higher than that of patients who underwent short and medium course radiation[(31.3%, 5/16) and(27.3%,15/55)](P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed radiation regimen, the expression of P53 and MRP4 protein were independently associated with the sensitivity of rectal cancer to radiation(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONMRP4 may serve as a predictive marker for the sensitivity of rectal cancer to preoperative radiation.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiation Tolerance ; Rectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

The study aimed to investigate the impact of intraclot recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) on perihematomal edema (PHE) development in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) treated with minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and the effects of intraclot rt-PA on the 30-day survival. We reviewed the medical records of ICH patients undergoing MIS between October 2011 and July 2013. A volumetric analysis was done to assess the change in PHE and ICH volumes at pre-MIS (T1), post-MIS (T2) and day 10-16 (T3) following diagnostic computed tomographic scans (T0). Forty-three patients aged 52.8±11.1 years with (n=30) or without rt-PA (n=13) were enrolled from our institutional ICH database. The median rt-PA dose was 1.5 (1) mg, with a maximum dose of 4.0 mg. The ratio of clot evacuation was significantly increased by intraclot rt-PA as compared with controls (77.9%±20.4% vs. 64%±15%; P=0.046). From T1 to T2, reduction in PHE volume was strongly associated with the percentage of clot evacuation (ρ=0.34; P=0.027). In addition, PHE volume was positively correlated with residual ICH volume at the same day (ρ ranging from 0.39-0.56, P<0.01). There was no correlation between the cumulative dose of rt-PA and early (T2) PHE volume (ρ=0.24; P=0.12) or delayed (T3) PHE volume (ρ=0.19; P=0.16). The 30-day mortality was zero in this cohort. In the selected cohort of ICH patients treated with MIS, intraclot rt-PA accelerated clot removal and had no effects on PHE formation. MIS aspiration and low dose of rt-PA seemed to be feasible to reduce the 30-day mortality in patients with severe ICH. A large, randomized study addressing dose titration and long-term outcome is needed.
Adult ; Aged ; Brain Edema ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; administration & dosage ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

Aim To investigate the effect of adenosine on the autophagy and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and improve the curative effect of a-denosine on hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods HepG2 cells were incubated with adenosine, CCK-8 method was used to study the changes of cell prolifera-tion,Western blot was used to study the expression of LC3-Ⅱ and LC3-Ⅰ, and MDC staining was used to observe the number of autophagosomes. Results HepG2 cells were incubated with adenosine(1.0~4.0 mmol·L-1) for 48 h,the proliferation of HepG2 cells were detected at the different time points (12,24,48 h),and the result showed the proliferation was signifi-cantly inhibited by adenosine (P < 0.01). HepG2 cells were incubated with adenosine (0.2,0.5,1.0, 2.0,4.0 mmol·L-1) for 24 h,the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ decreased significantly in low concentration of adenosine group (0.2, 0.5 mmol·L-1, P <0.05;1.0 mmol·L-1,P<0.01),and the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ increased significantly in higher concentration of adenosine group (4.0 mmol·L-1, P <0.05). HepG2 cells were incubated with adenosine(1.0 mmol·L-1) for 24 h, the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ de-creased significantly at 6,12 and 24 h detecting point, the number of autophagosomes were reduced, the low-est ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and autophagosomes were observed at 12 h detecting point(P<0.01). Conclu-sions Adenosine inhibits the proliferation of hepato-cellular carcinoma cells,the low concentration of aden-osine inhibits the autophagy,while the high concentra-tion of adenosine increases the autophagy, which is of great significance to reduce multi-drug resistance and improve the therapeutic effect of anti-hepatoma drugs.

BACKGROUND: The effects of oral contrast agents (OCAs) on dosimetry have not been studied in detail. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the influence of OCAs on dose calculation in volumetric-modulated arc therapy plans for rectal cancer. METHODS: From 2008 to 2016, computed tomography (CT) images were obtained from 33 rectal cancer patients administered OCA with or without intravenous contrast agent (ICA) and 14 patients who received no contrast agent. CT numbers of organs at risk were recorded and converted to electronic densities. Volumetric-modulated arc therapy plans were designed before and after the original densities were replaced with non-enhanced densities. Doses to the planned target volume (PTV) and organs at risk were compared between the plans. RESULTS: OCA significantly increased the mean and maximum densities of the bowels, while the effects of ICA on these parameters depended on the blood supply of the organs. With OCA, the actual doses for PTV were significantly higher than planned and doses to the bowel increased significantly although moderately. However, the increase in the volume receiving a high-range doses was substantial (the absolute change of intestine volume receiving ≥52 Gy: 1.46 [0.05-3.99, cubic centimeter range: -6.74 to 128.12], the absolute change of colon volume receiving ≥50 Gy: 0.34 [0.01-1.53 cc, range: -0.08 to 3.80 cc]. Dose changes due to ICA were insignificant. Pearson correlation showed that dose changes were significantly correlated with a high intestinal volume within or near the PTV (ρ > 0.5, P < 0.05) and with the density of enhanced intestine (ρ > 0.3, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Contrast agents applied in simulation cause underestimation of doses in actual treatment. The overdose due to ICA was slight, while that due to OCA was moderate. The bowel volume receiving ≥50Gy was dramatically increased when OCA within the bowel was absent. Physicians should be aware of these issues if the original plan is barely within clinical tolerance or if a considerable volume of enhanced intestine is within or near the PTV.

Objective:To explore the medication safety issues caused by unreasonable sugar-to-fat ratio in clinical practice of parenteral nutrition,providing a basis for the rational use of clinical nutritional drugs.Methods:From the beginning of the database construction until February 28,2023,relevant databases at home and abroad were searched to summarize and analyze the clinical adverse outcomes caused by unreasonable sugar-to-fat ratio prescriptions encountered in the included literature and clinical practice.Results:Eleven articles were included,and 1 case of patient discomfort was improved by adjusting the unreasonable sugar-to-fat ratio.A total of 86 patients were involved,including 51 males and 35 females,with an age range of 18 to 89 years.Among the 86 patients,there were 79 clinical adverse outcomes,including 8 deaths.The incidence rates of clinical adverse outcomes were as follows:abnormal liver function 46.8％(37/79),bile stasis 22.8％(18/79),fat overload syndrome 13.9％(11/79),liver steatosis 11.4％(9/79),platelet reduction 3.8％(3/79),and other 1.3％(1/79).Among the 86 patients,2 cases were clearly recorded to have improved clinical adverse outcomes after adjusting the sugar-to-fat ratio,and the others were not detailed.Conclusions:Inappropriate sugar-to-fat ratio may lead to safety issues related to parenteral nutrition medication and should be given clinical attention.

The improvement of food labeling can improve consumers' health awareness, reduce the burden of chronic diseases on the health and economy, and promote the development of the healthy food industry. Disease Risk Reduction Claim has been developed in European Union and the U.S. for over 20 years, with mature management methods and experience, but it is still lacking in China. Learning and drawing on the international management experience of food disease risk reduction claims can assist China to establish food disease risk reduction claims and improve the food health claims and labeling system.
Humans ; United States ; European Union ; Food Labeling ; Food Industry ; China/epidemiology*