Objective To study the relationship between self-esteem and childhood abuse, life events among male violent adolescent. Methods According to the modified overt aggression scale, juvenile delinquents were divided into violent group (n = 128 )and nonviolent group (n = 118 ). All the participants were investigated by Self-Esteem Scale (SES), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 Item Short Form (CTQ-SF) and Adolescent SelfRating Life Events (ASLEC) and conducted correlation and regression analysis. Results ①Violent group had lower self-esteem scores ( 22.73 ± 3.30 ) than the nonviolent group ( 23.81 ± 3.30, P ＜ 0.05 ). Violent group had higher scores in physical abuse, sexual abuse, total life events, interpersonal relationship, punishment, and other (8.30 ±4.07, 7.23 ±2.26, 54.48 ±18.60, 10.09 ±3.84, 14.43 ±5.87, 4.93 ±3.15, 9.93 ±3.64), compared to the nonviolent group (7.27 ± 3.27, 6.60 ± 2.09, 45.40 ± 18.45, 8.42 ± 4.13, 11.07 ± 5.75, 3.66 ±2.81, 7.84 ±3.66, P＜0. 05). ②The self-esteem was significantly negative correlated with the childhood abuse and life events( r= -0. 143 ～ -0. 358, P＜ 0.01 ) among violent male adolescents. ③The physical abuse and punishment had significant prediction function of 15.6% on self-esteem. Conclusions Violent adolescents have low self-esteem, which is closely related to childhood abuse and adolescent life events.

?AIM:To compare the coherence and difference on the fundus examination made with two kinds of optical coherence tomography ( OCT): Angio-OCT and fourier domain-optical coherence tomography ( FD-OCT) .?METHODS:Using Angio-OCT and FD-OCT to measure the retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) thickness, optic parameters, and ganglion cell complexes ( GCC ) thickness from 20 subjects respectively.The coherence was tested with Pearson's correlation coefficient, the difference was tested with paired Student t testing.?RESULTS:The total correlation of the RNFL thickness, optic parameters, GCC thickness made with two kinds of OCT was between 0.7-0.8;the RNFL thickness, optic disk area etc.made with the Angio-OCT were lower than those made with FD-OCT except for the GCC thickness.?CONCLUSION: The results made with two kinds of OCT from the same subject has certain coherence, but cannot be compared directly.

Objective To explore the relationship between coping styles and childhood abuse in adult patients with depression . Methods A case‐control study was conducted between 80 adult patients with depression and 80 health controls .In general ques‐tionnaire was designed to collect the demo‐graphic information ,Childhood Trauma Questionnaire‐28 Item Short Form (CTQ‐SF) was used to assess childhood trauma and Trait Coping Styles Questionnaire (TCSQ) was assigned to evaluate coping styles .T test , Mann‐Whitney U test ,Spearman Bivariate correlations and Multiple linear regression were employed to explore the characteristics of the major depressive patients′coping styles and the association between childhood abuse .Results (1) The patients with depres‐sion had both statistically significantly higher scores on negative coping style (t=9 .13 ,P<0 .01) and lower scores on positive cop‐ing style (t= -12 .01 ,P<0 .01)than the controls with childhood abuse .The patients with childhood abuse had both statistically significantly higher scores on negative coping style(Z= -6 .134 ,P<0 .01) and lower scores on positive coping style(Z= -5 .452 , P<0 .01) than the controls with childhood abuse .Inside the group of patients with depression ,the patients who had childhood a‐buse gained significantly higher scores in negative coping style than the others who had no early trauma (Z= -2 .159 ,P<0 .05) , however ,no conspicuous differences were found on the positive coping style scores .(2)The childhood abuse was both significantly positive correlated with the passive coping and negative related to the active coping (r=0 .562 ,P<0 .01;r= -0 .333 ,P<0 .05)a‐mong the patients of depression .(3)The total degree of abuse and physical abuse had significant prediction function of 34 .4% (P<0 .01)on the patients′ negative coping .Conclusion The coping styles of patients with depression were prone to be influenced by childhood abuse remarkably ,more severe abuse ,especially with the physical abuse ,more negative the coping styles were .

This study is to investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Uygur medicine bugloss (BTF) on rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and to explore the mechanisms by which it acts. Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in rats was occluded for 30 min followed by 4 h reperfusion. Meanwhile, BTF dissolved in saline was administered intraperitoneally at dosage of 10, 30 and 50 mg x kg(-1). Electrocardiograph, infarction index, serum myocardial enzymes and heart function were determined to evaluate the effect of BTF. Some other observations were carried out to explore whether inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis is involved in the mechanisms underlying BTF. Our results showed that in ischemia/reperfusion injured rats BTF could dose-dependently reduce myocardial infarction index and myocardial enzyme leakage, and enhance heart function, indicating that it possesses significant cardio protection. ELISA analysis showed that BTF could decrease the content of myocardial inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Western-blotting confirmed that BTF could increase the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and reduce the expression of proapoptosis protein Bax. Further more, the phosphorylation level of PI3K and Akt was upregulated by BTF treatment. BTF can protect rat against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Anti-inflammation and inhibition of apoptosis through upregulating PI3K/Akt signal pathway may contribute to the protective effect of BTF.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Boraginaceae ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Heart ; Interleukin-6 ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Myocardium ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphorylation ; Protective Agents ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of puerarin on the learning-memory disorder after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and to explore its mechanism of action.

METHODSThe global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established using the modifified Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with puerarin (100 mg/kg) 1 h before ischemia and once every 6 h afterwards. The learning-memory ability was evaluated by the passive avoidance test. The dynamic changes of the cell counts of apoptosis and positive expression of Bcl-2 in the hippocampus CA1 region were determined by the TUNEL and immunohistochemical methods, respectively.

RESULTS(1) Compared with the reperfusion group, the step through latency (STL) in the passive avoidance test in the puerarin group was prolonged signifificantly (P<0.01). (2) The apoptotic neurons were injured most severely on the 3rd day in the hippocampal CA1 region after global ischemia and reperfusion. In the puerarin group, the number of apoptotic cells decreased at respective time points after ischemia-reperfusion (P<0.01). (3) The level of positive expression of Bcl-2 varied according to the duration of reperfusion and the peak level occurred on day 1 in the hippocampal CA1 region after global cerebral ischemia. Compared with the reperfusion group, the expression of Bcl-2 in the puerarin group was up-regulated at the respective time points after ischemia reperfusion (P<0.01), reaching the peak on day 1.

CONCLUSIONSPuerarin could improve the learning-memory ability after global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats. The protective mechanism might be related to the effect of inhibiting or delaying the cell apoptosis through up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 after ischemia and reperfusion.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; pathology ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Learning ; drug effects ; Memory Disorders ; complications ; drug therapy ; Models, Biological ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reaction Time ; drug effects ; Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo determine the expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase traffic inducer (NOSTRIN) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the testis tissue of azoospermia patients, and investigate their correlation with the pathogenesis of azoospermia.

METHODSWe detected the expressions of NOSTRIN and NOSTRIN mRNA by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR respectively, determined the activity of eNOS by spectrophotometry, and measured the stable metabolic end product NO, NO2- / NO3-, by nitrate reductase assay in the testis tissues of 17 patients with idiopathic azoospermia (the azoospermia group) and 10 normal men (the normal group).

RESULTSNOSTRIN and NOSTRIN mRNA were expressed in the spermatogonia, sertoli cells, stromal cells and vascular endothelial cells, more lowly in the azoospermia than in the normal group (0.312 +/- 0.076 versus 0.793 +/- 0.082, P < 0.01). The activity of eNOS was significantly increased in the idiopathic azoospermia patients ([33.727 +/- 3.58] U/mg) compared with the normal men ([17.69 +/- 3.84] U/mg) (P < 0.01). The level of NO2- / NO3- was significantly higher in the azoospermia than in the normal group ([48.56 +/- 8.49] micromol/L versus [25.37 +/- 9.61] micromol/L, P < 0.01). The expression of NOSTRIN showed a significant negative correlation with the activity of eNOS (r = -0.57, P < 0.01) as well as with the level of NO2- / NO3- (r = -0.61, P < 0.01) in the testis tissue of the idiopathic azoospermia patients.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of NOSTRIN is decreased, while the activity of eNOS and the level of NO2- / NO3- increased in the testis tissue of azoospermia patients, which may be associated with the pathogenesis of azoospermia.

Adult ; Azoospermia ; metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Nitrates ; analysis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Nitrites ; analysis ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; metabolism

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of different dual antiplatelet therapy(DAPT)in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)treatment.Methods AMI patients receiving PCI treatment were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.The treatment group was given clopidogrel(50 mg,bid)combined with ticagrelor(90 mg,bid)after PCI,while the control group was given aspirin(100 mg,qd)combined with clopidogrel(75 mg,qd)after PCI.The treatment course for both groups was 6 months.Platelet activation and endothelial function-related indicators were compared between the two groups,and major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)and adverse drug reactions were followed up during the treatment period.Results During the trial,5 cases dropped out,and finally,98 cases and 97 cases were included in the treatment group and control group,respectively.After treatment,the incidence of stent restenosis in the treatment group and control group were 2.04％(2 cases/98 cases)and 9.27％(9 cases/97 cases),respectively;the incidence of MACE were 4.08％(4 cases/98 cases)and 13.40％(13 cases/97 cases),respectively,with significant differences between the two groups(P＜0.05).After treatment,the inhibition of platelet aggregation(IPA)in the treatment group and control group were(54.97±6.43)％and(52.38±6.12)％,respectively;the serum nitric oxide(NO)levels were(64.29±8.12)and(59.61±8.45)μmol·L-1,respectively;the prostacyclin(PGI2)levels were(42.15±3.94)and(38.46±3.71)ng·L-1,respectively;the maximum platelet aggregation rate(MPAR)were(31.65±3.86)％and(32.97±4.25)％,respectively;the platelet count(PC)were(169.84±36.71)× 109·L-1 and(172.63±38.94)× 109·L-1,respectively;the positive rates of P-selectin(CD62P)were(24.58±5.34)％and(27.13±5.82)％;the positive rates of platelet activated complex-1(PAC-1)were(7.63±2.15)％and(8.45±2.69)％;serum endothelin-1(ET-1)levels were(61.03±5.97)and(65.39±7.14)ng·L-1,which were significantly reduced compared with those before treatment(all P＜0.05).The adverse drug reactions in treatment group were mainly headache,dyspnea and bleeding events,and the adverse drug reactions in control group were mainly dyspnea and bleeding events.The total incidence rates of adverse drug reactions in treatment group and control group were 11.22％(11 cases/98 cases)and 9.28％(9 cases/97 cases),respectively(P＞0.05).Conclusion Cilostazol combined with ticagrelor in patients with AMI after PCI is beneficial to inhibiting the platelet aggregation and activation,relieving the vascular endothelial function injury and reducing the risk of in-stent restenosis and MACE,and it has obvious advantages over aspirin combined with clopidogrel.

Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has long been used for the treatment of common metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the main limitation of its wider application is ingredient complexity of this formula. Thus, it is critically important to identify the major active ingredients of GQD and to illustrate mecha-nisms underlying its action. Here, we compared the effects of GQD and berberine, a hypothetical key active pharmaceutical ingredient of GQD, on a diabetic rat model by comprehensive analyses of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, proinflammatory cytokines, and ileum transcriptomics. Our results show that berberine and GQD had similar effects on lowering blood glucose levels, modulating gut microbiota, inducing ileal gene expression, as well as relieving systemic and local inflammation. As expected, both berberine and GQD treatment significantly altered the overall gut microbiota structure and enriched many butyrate-producing bacteria, including Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, thereby attenuating intestinal inflammation and lowering glucose. Levels of short-chain fatty acids in rat feces were also significantly elevated after treatment with ber-berine or GQD. Moreover, concentration of serum proinflammatory cytokines and expression of immune-related genes, including Nfkb1, Stat1, and Ifnrg1, in pancreatic islets were significantly reduced after treatment. Our study demonstrates that the main effects of GQD can be attributed to berberine via modulating gut microbiota. The strategy employed would facilitate further stan-dardization and widespread application of TCM in many diseases.

BACKGROUNDIn vivo quantification of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) based on noninvasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination and in vitro choroidal flatmount immunohistochemistry stained of CNV currently were used to evaluate the process and severity of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) both in human and animal studies. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between these two methods in murine CNV models induced by subretinal injection.

METHODSCNV was developed in 20 C57BL6/j mice by subretinal injection of adeno-associated viral delivery of a short hairpin RNA targeting sFLT-1 (AAV.shRNA.sFLT-1), as reported previously. After 4 weeks, CNV was imaged by OCT and fluorescence angiography. The scaling factors for each dimension, x, y, and z (μm/pixel) were recorded, and the corneal curvature standard was adjusted from human (7.7) to mice (1.4). The volume of each OCT image stack was calculated and then normalized by multiplying the number of voxels by the scaling factors for each dimension in Seg3D software (University of Utah Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, available at http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc-software/seg3d.html). Eighteen mice were prepared for choroidal flatmounts and stained by CD31. The CNV volumes were calculated using scanning laser confocal microscopy after immunohistochemistry staining. Two mice were stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin for observing the CNV morphology.

RESULTSThe CNV volume calculated using OCT was, on average, 2.6 times larger than the volume calculated using the laser confocal microscopy. The correlation statistical analysis showed OCT measuring of CNV correlated significantly with the in vitro method (R 2 =0.448, P = 0.001, n = 18). The correlation coefficient for CNV quantification using OCT and confocal microscopy was 0.693 (n = 18, P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSThere is a fair linear correlation on CNV volumes between in vivo and in vitro methods in CNV models induced by subretinal injection. The result might provide a useful evaluation of CNV both for the studies using CNV models induced by subretinal injection and human AMD studies.

Animals ; Choroidal Neovascularization ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

Objective To provide data for the control and prevention of hepatitis B and HBV surface antigen(HBsAg)status among the appliances and practitioners working in the public service places.Methods 63 beauty parlors,barber shops and bathing centers selected under stratified randomization sampling method and 682 workers were investigated through questionnaire.HBsAg from the appliances of the public service places and employee was detected by RIA.Results Two main sanitizing modes that including alcohol cleaning(34.60%)and ultraviolet light disinfection(30.79%)were used.The rates of testing on HBsAg among the appliances were 2.13% at the public service places,and were 0.63%,2.67% and 3.70% in large-.medium-and small-sized appliances respectively.The rate of testing on HBsAg on large-,medium-and small-sized appliances were statistically different(χ2=6.68,P＜0.05).The positive rates of HBsAg on the appliances of beauty parlors,barbering shops and footbath inns were 2.97%,0.61% and 3.42% respectively.People working in different service sites had different rates of HBsAg:those who worked at the‘acne needle'and the forceps were 5.13% and 4.17%.The positive rate of HBsAg among the workers in the public service places was 7.13%.The rates of HBsAg among the workers in large-,medium-and small-sized public service places were 7.34%,8.33% and 2.94% respectively.The rates of HBsAg among the workers in beauty parlors,barbering shops,footbath inns and bathing centers were 9.01%,6.37%,4.35% and 7.29% respectively.HBsAg positive rates were different among the workers working at different service sites:13.33% at tattoo business.12.68% in pedicures workers and 8.03% in massagists.Conclusion It is important to improve the sanitizing management of the appliances used in the public service places and to improve the knowledge,attitude,as well as practice of vaccination on hepatitis B among those populations.