Objective To investigate the changes and significance of concentration of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of bacterial meningitis(BM) in rabbits. Methods A total of 36 rabbits were randomly divided into m eningitis group, meningitis cefotaxime-treated group and control group. BM indu ced by escherichia coli(Ec) via cerebellomedullary cistern inoculated. Normal sa line was injected in control group. CSF was sampled in different time. The conce ntration of CSF sICAM-1 was detected by ELISA.Results 1.There was a low concentration of sICAM-1 in CSF in 85 percent of normal rabbi ts.2.In meningitis group, there was a sharp rise in the concentration of CSF sIC AM-1 at 6 hours after Ec was inoculated, reached a peak level at 12 hours, and t here was higher concentration of CSF sICAM-1 between 6 and 24 hour than that at 0 hour.3.In meningitis cefotaxime-treated group, the concentration of CSF sICAM -1 at 6 hour and 12 hours was similar to meningitis group, the time that get pe ak level was at 24 hours that at 12 hours after making use of antimicrobial agen t.The peak level was higher than meningitis group. The concentration of CSF sICA M-1 decreased markedly at 48 hours that made use of antimicrobial agent 36 hour s later,but the concentration was still higher than the peak level of meningitis group.Afterwards, with the time of making use of antimicrobial agent lengthened ,the concentration of CSF sICAM-1 decreased gradually.4.Experimental results in dicated by correlating analysis to these data that there was positive correlatio n in the concentration of CSF sICAM-1 with the brain water content.Conclusions sICAM-1 participates in the pathological process of BM, and contributes to the damage of blood brain barrier and the formation of brain edema.There is importan t significance that drugs which can resist the discharge of sICAM-1 will be impl ied. J Appl Clin Pediatr,2005,20(2):163-165

Objective To investigate the sleep quality and influencing factors in patients with stable myasthenia gravis (MG).Methods From September 2015 to February 2017,151 cases of stable MG were enrolled in the department of neurology,West China Hospital,Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to evaluate their sleep quality;Spearman analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors (clinical data,quality of life,anxiety and depression).Results Spearman test analysis showed that PSQI was positively correlated with age,duration,myasthenia gravis quality of life 15 (MG-QOL15),Hamilton Anxiety Scale 14 (HAMA14),Hamilton Depression Scale 24 (HADA24) (P ＜ 0.05).Stepwise regressionanalysis further revealed that life quality was the best predictor of reduced sleep quality (t =3.161,P =0.002),followed by anxiety (t =2.495,P =0.014) and age (t =2.356,P =0.020).Conclusions There are many influencing factors of stable MG wnich more attentions should be paid on.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of human alpha-mannosidase Man2c1 transgene on tumor growth and metastasis in mice.

METHODSHepatoma cell H22 or squamous epithelial carcinoma cell S180 was subcutaneously inoculated into the right armpit of mice (wild type mice and 28#, 35#, and 54# transgenic mice). Tumor size was measured every week. Mice were sacrificed on day 9 or 10 and then the tumors were exercised and weighted. Tumors and lungs were fixed in formaldehyde and sectioned. The sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and examined under microscope. The red blood cells in spleen were destroyed by Tris-NH4Cl. Natural killer (NK) cell activity was detected with Yac-1 cell as target.

RESULTSH22 and S180 tumors grew faster in all the three transgenic mice (28#, 35#, and 54#) than in wild type mice. The average size and weight of tumors between the transgenic mice and wild type mice were significantly different (P<0.05). Most tumors in the transgenic mice invaded the surrounding tissues. In contrast, nearly all the tumors in wild type mice were capsulized. Three of 10 28# transgenic mice, 5 of 10 35# transgenic mice, 3 of 10 54# transgenic mice, and 1 of 10 wild type mice showed lung metastasis of H22 tumor. Two of 6 28# transgenic mice, 3 of 6 35# transgenic mice, 1 of 6 54# transgenic mice, and 0 of 6 wild type mice showed lung metastasis of S180 tumor. No difference of NK activity in spleen cells was observed between the transgenic mice and wild type mice.

CONCLUSIONShMan2c1 transgene promotes growth, invasion, and metastasis of transplanted H22 and S180 tumors in mice. hMan2cl transgene does not affect NK activity in splenocytes.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Mannosidases ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Spleen ; immunology ; Transgenes

BACKGROUNDTo study the arboviruses carried by mosquitoes collected in Hebei Province.

METHODSSamples were collected from mosquito active sites and stored in liquid nitrogen till use. Pools of 20 to 30 mosquitoes were ground after sterilization, centrifugal supernant was inoculated onto C6/36 cell, cytopathic effect was observed for three sequential passages. Positive isolates were identified by IFA and RT-PCR.

RESULTSTotally 1310 mosquitoes were collected from two villages of She county, Hebei province. They were divided into 46 pools and ground respectively. Thirteen positive isolates were obtained. Two isolates reacted with alphaviral antibodies and were amplified by alphaviral primers, nucleotide sequence showed the highest homology (98%) to Getah virus (AY702913.1), so the two isolates were identified as Getah virus.

CONCLUSIONGetah virus was isolated from mosquitoes in Hebei Province. This is the first report of isolating Getah virus from inland of China.

Animals ; Arboviruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Cell Line ; Cluster Analysis ; Culicidae ; virology ; Phylogeny ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have the potential of differentiating into all types of adult cells. Today, mature functional sperm can be derived from mouse PSCs in vitro, and meanwhile primordial germ cells (PGCs) and meiotic prophase sperm cells can be generated from human ESCs/iPSCs (hESCs/hiPSCs). It is proposed that non-genetic azoospermia might be cured if functional sperm could be obtained from human PSCs (hPSCs) in vitro. It is also possible that healthy functional sperm could be derived from the patient with genetic factor-induced azoospermia by combining iPSCs and gene editing technology. IPSC-derived functional sperm have a higher clinical value for the avoidance of the sperm source and the issue of medical ethics. This article summarizes recent advances in the differentiation of PSCs into male germ cells in vitro, aiming to provide some reference for the treatment of male infertility with PSCs.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; cytology ; Infertility, Male ; therapy ; Male ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; cytology ; Spermatozoa ; cytology

Objective: To investigate the experience of patients in the implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) strategy after radical gastrectomy and the factors affecting the treatment experience. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out. Patients who were diagnosed with gastric cancer by pathology and underwent radical gastrectomy at the Xijing Digestive Disease Hospital from December 2019 to December 2020 were consecutively enrolled. Those who received emergency surgery, residual gastric cancer surgery, preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy, non-curative tumor resection, intraperitoneal metastasis, or other malignant tumors were excluded. Patients' expectation and experience during implementation were investigated by questionnaires. The questionnaire included three main parts: patients' expectation for ERAS, patients' experience during the ERAS implementation, and patients' outcomes within 30 days after discharge. The items on the expectation and experience were ranked from 0 to 10 by patients, which indicated to be unsatisfied/unimportant and satisfied/important respectively. According to their attitudes towards the ERAS strategy, patients were divided into the support group and the reject group. Patients' expectation and experience of hospital stay, and the clinical outcomes within 30 days after discharge were compared between the two groups. Categorical data were reported as number with percentage and the quantitative data were reported as mean with standard deviation, or where appropriate, as the median with interquartile range (Q₁, Q₃). Categorical data were compared using the Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test, where appropriate. For continuous data, Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test were used. Complication was classified according to Clavien-Dindo classification. Results: Of the included 112 patients (88 males and 24 females), aged (57.8±10.0) years, 35 patients (31.3%) were in the support group and 77 (68.7%) in the reject group. Anxiety was detected in 56.2% (63/112) of the patients with score >8. The admission education during the ERAS implementation improved the patients' cognitions of the ERAS strategy [M(Q₁, Q₃) score: 8 (4, 10) vs. 2 (0, 5), Z=-7.130, P<0.001]. The expected hospital stay of patients was longer than the actual stay [7 (7, 10) days vs. 6 (6, 7) days, Z=-4.800, P<0.001]. During the ERAS implementation, patients had low score in early mobilization [3 (1, 6)] and early oral intake [5 (2.25, 8)]. Fifty-eight (51.8%) patients planned the ERAS implementation at home after discharge, while 32.1% (36/112) preferred to stay in hospital until they felt totally recovered. Compared with the reject group, the support group had shorter expected hospital stay [7 (6, 10) days vs. 10 (7, 15) days, Z=-2.607, P=0.009], and higher expected recovery-efficiency score [9 (8, 10) vs. 7(5, 9), Z=-3.078, P=0.002], lower expected less-pain score [8 (6, 10) vs. 6 (5, 9) days, Z=-1.996, P=0.046], expected faster recovery of physical strength score [8 (6, 10) vs. 6 (4, 9), Z=-2.200, P=0.028] and expected less drainage tube score [8 (8, 10) vs. 8 (5, 10), Z=-2.075, P=0.038]. Worrying about complications (49.1%) and self-recognition of not recovery (46.4%) were the major concerns when assessing the experience toward ERAS. During the follow-up, 105 patients received follow-up calls. There were 57.1% (60/105) of patients who experienced a variety of discomforts after discharge, including pain (28.6%), bloating (20.0%), nausea (12.4%), fatigue (7.6%), and fever (2.9%). Within 30 days after discharge, 6.7% (7/105) of patients developed Clavien-Dindo level I and II operation-associated complications, including poor wound healing, intestinal obstruction, intraperitoneal bleeding, and wound infection, all of which were cured by conservative treatment. There were no complications of level III or above in the whole group after surgery. Compared with the support group, more patients in the reject group reported that they had not yet achieved self-expected recovery when discharged [57.1% (44/77) vs. 22.9% (8/35), χ²=11.372, P<0.001], and expected to return to their daily lives [39.0% (30/77) vs. 8.6% (3/35), χ²=10.693, P<0.001], with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Only 52.4% (55/105) of patients returned home to continue rehabilitation, and the remaining patients chose to go to other hospitals to continue their hospitalization after discharge, with a median length of stay of 7 (7, 9) days. Compared with the reject group, the support group had a higher proportion of home rehabilitation [59.7% (12/33) vs. 36.4% (43/72), χ²=4.950, P=0.026], and shorter time of self-perceived postoperative full recovery [14 (10, 20) days vs. 15 (14, 20) days, Z=2.100, P=0.036], with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Although ERAS has promoted postoperative rehabilitation while ensuring surgical safety, it has not been unanimously recognized by patients. Adequate rehabilitation education, good analgesia, good physical recovery, and early removal of drainage tubes may improve the patient's experience of ERAS.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Pain ; Patient Outcome Assessment ; Postoperative Complications/surgery* ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDData on the epidemiology of hypertension in Chinese non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the non-dialysis CKD patients through a nationwide, multicenter study in China.

METHODSThe survey was performed in 61 tertiary hospitals in 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (except Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan). Trained physicians collected demographic and clinical data and measured blood pressure (BP) using a standardized protocol. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications. BP < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg were used as the 2 thresholds of hypertension control. In multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for sex and age, we analyzed the association between CKD stages and uncontrolled hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients.

RESULTSThe analysis included 8927 non-dialysis CKD patients. The prevalence, awareness, and treatment of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients were 67.3%, 85.8%, and 81.0%, respectively. Of hypertensive CKD patients, 33.1% and 14.1% had controlled BP to < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg, respectively. With successive CKD stages, the prevalence of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients increased, but the control of hypertension decreased (P < 0.001). When the threshold of BP < 130/80 mmHg was considered, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension in CKD 2, 3a, 3b, 4, and 5 stages increased 1.3, 1.4, 1.4, 2.5, and 4.0 times compared with CKD 1 stage, respectively (P < 0.05). Using the threshold of < 140/90 mmHg, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased in advanced stages (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hypertension Chinese non-dialysis CKD patients was high, and the hypertension control was suboptimal. With successive CKD stages, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased.

Adult ; Aged ; Awareness ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; complications