AIMTo prepare solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) loaded with all trans retinoic acid using an ultrasonic technique with Compritol 888 ATO as matrix material, and investigate properties of nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo.

METHODSUltrasonic technique was adopted to prepare solid lipid nanoparticles in an aqueous system using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as a model drug. Physicochemical proterties of SLN were investigated in detail. Drug release from two sorts of ATRA-SLN was investigated using a dialysis bag method. Compared with ATRA solution, the in vivo pharmacokinetics of two sorts of ATRA-SLN after intravenous injection to rats were studied.

RESULTSSolid lipid nanoparticles loaded with all-trans retinoic acid was readily and quickly prepared by ultrasonic technique. The morphological investigation by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed that the particles had round and uniform shapes. The mean diameters of them were (158 +/- 9) nm and (89 +/- 11) nm separately. The SLN dispersion was stable at 4 degrees C for more than one year. Drug loading was 3.3%, drug entrapment efficiency was more than 95%, the in vitro release was well in accordance with Weibull distribution. Compared with ATRA control solution, SLN could stay in the blood circulation for a longer time after intravenous injection.

CONCLUSIONThe ultrasonic technique was appropriate for the preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles.

Animals ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Stability ; Fatty Acids ; Male ; Nanostructures ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Poloxamer ; chemistry ; Polysorbates ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tretinoin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Ultrasonics

Objective To elucidate the effects of different modes of partial parenteral nutrition (PPN)on immunological function of T-lymphocyte in non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients during chemotherapy.Methods Ninety-three patients with non-small cell lung cancer were randomly divided into three groups:the control group(30 patients),the low dose of PPN(32 patients) and the high dose of NNP(31 patients).Exactly the same chemotherapy was applied to each of three groups.During chemotherapy,three groups were supplied the same diet,the control group received conventional treatment;the low dose group and the high dose group received additional parenteral nutritional support besides diet.The low dose group was given 250 ml 9-AA daily and the high dose group was given 500 ml 9-AA daily.The T lymphocyte subsets CD3~+,CD3~++CD4~+ ,CD3~++CD8~+ and cells were detected respectively before and after chemotherapy.Results In all of the three groups,the percentage of NK cells,CD3~+ and CD3~++CD4~+ cells were decreased significantly before and after chemotherapy(all P＜0.05),In the control and low dose groups,NK cells changed more significantly after chemotherapy(P＜0.01).The percentages of CD3~+,CD3~++CD4~+,CD3~++ CD4~+/CD3~++CD8~+ of the low dose group and high dose group were higher than those of the control group before and after chemotherapy(all P＜0.05),the percentage of CD3~++CD8~+,CD3~++CD4~+/ CD3~++CD8~+ of the low dose group and hight dose group did not change notably(all P＞0.05). Conclusions The chemotherapy on patients with NSCLC will possibly cause malnutrition and immunosuppression.The benefits of giving 9-AA to NSCLC patients who were applying PPN and undergoing chemotherapy may include antagonizing immunological function aggravation,improving nutrition status and improving immunological functions of the T lymphocytes during chemotherapy.

We present an unusual case of an unstable pelvic fracture during pregnancy period, who suffered fetal death and splenic rupture simultaneously which developed massive delayed hemorrhage in abdomen. When considering potential causes of fetal death, direct trauma to the uterus, placenta, or fetus was not associated with a higher fetal mortality rate, compared with maternal hemorrhage. A cesarean section and splenectomy could rescue the maternal life from the hemorrhage situation. Successful treatment of these rare cases is possible with careful pre-, peri-, and post-operative evaluation of the mother and fetus by a multidisciplinary team.
Cesarean Section ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Fractures, Bone ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Pelvic Bones ; injuries ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of amino acid parenteral nutritional (PN) support on serum tryptophan and melatonin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving chemotherapy.

METHODSSeventy-two patients with inoperable NSCLC were divided into three groups randomly: control group, 250 ml/d amino acids PN therapy group and 500 ml/d amino acids PN therapy group. The same NP (cisplatin + vinorelbine) chemotherapy was carried out in all the three groups. During three sessions of chemotherapy,amino acids PN therapy was given to the amino acids PN therapy groups. Serum tryptophan and melatonin concentration changes were assessed before and after chemotherapy.

RESULTSAfter chemotherapy the concentration of MT and Try were much lower than that before chemotherapy in the three group patients (P < 0.05). But the concentration of MT and Try in the PN group patients was higher than that in control group patients. The concentration of MT and Try in the 500 ml/d amino acid parenteral nutritional support group patients were significantly higher than that in the 250 ml/d group patients, the difference was significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAmino acid parenteral nutritional support is beneficial to improve the lower concentration of serum MT and Try in NSCLC patients receiving chemotherapy, and a more significant effect can be achieved by the 500 ml/d amino acid parenteral nutritional support treatment.

Aged ; Amino Acids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Melatonin ; blood ; Neoplasm Staging ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Treatment Outcome ; Tryptophan ; blood ; Vinblastine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives

OBJECTIVETo develop a three-dimensional porous film of human hair keratin (HHK)-collagen sponge complex for use as a dermal substitute.

METHODSThe three components F, B, and Z derived from healthy human hair were weaved into a meshwork and integrated with purified soluble type I collagen extracted from bovine tendons to prepare a highly porous film with vacuum freeze-drying followed by secondary cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The film was grafted beneath the dorsal skin in 21 SD rats (experimental group), with simple collagen sponge serving as the negative control. The rats receiving surgical operation but without graft served as the blank control. The graft and its surrounding tissue were harvested on days 3, 7 and at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 after implantation for evaluation of tissue compatibility, vascularization and degradation.

RESULTSThe prepared collagen sponge film was semitransparent and porous. Three to 7 days after grafting, inflammatory reaction was relieved gradually, and several fibroblasts and blood vessels were found adherent to the grafts in the experimental groups. At week 4, the wounds healed in the experimental groups, and the fibroblasts were actively secreting collagen and the film degraded obviously with the appearance of elastic fibers. At weeks 6 and 8, new collagen fibers thickened and assumed regular arrangement, and the collagen sponge films disappeared completely. In the control groups, the changes were less obvious and total HHK degradation occurred till week 12.

CONCLUSIONThe degradable and absorbable HHK-collagen sponge film has relatively satisfactory tissue compatibility and can accelerate wound healing by stimulating cell proliferation and vascularization, showing the potential as an optimal dermal substitute.

Animals ; Collagen Type I ; chemistry ; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures ; Hair ; chemistry ; Humans ; Implants, Experimental ; Keratins, Hair-Specific ; chemistry ; Porifera ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin, Artificial ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Wound Healing

PURPOSE: Genetic variation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a newly described risk factor for breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the association of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FGFR2 with breast cancer in Han Chinese women. METHODS: Two hundred three women with breast cancer and 200 breast cancer-free age-matched controls were selected. Four SNPs (rs2981579, rs1219648, rs2420946, and rs2981582) and their haplotypes were analyzed to test for their association with breast cancer susceptibility. The presence of the four FGFR2 SNPs was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed in the frequency of rs2981582 in the FGFR2 gene (p<0.05) between case and control groups. In subjects stratified by menopausal status, rs2981582 TT, rs2420946 AA, and rs1219648 CC were significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal subjects, but no significant associations between these four SNPs and the risk of breast cancer were identified in premenopausal subjects. Further, there was no significant association between hormone receptor status (estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor) and breast cancer risk. Six common (> 3%) haplotypes were identified. Three of these haplotypes, CGTC (odds ratio [OR], 0.613; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.457-0.82; p=0.001), TGTC (OR, 6.561; 95% CI, 2.064-20.854; p<0.001), and CATC (OR, 12.645; 95% CI, 1.742-91.799; p=0.001) were significantly associated with breast cancer risk. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that the SNP rs2981582 and haplotypes CGTC, TGTC, and CATC in FGFR2 may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in Han Chinese women.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Case-Control Studies* ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factors* ; Fibroblasts* ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Progesterone ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2* ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor* ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the wrist joint of coal miners who work in excavation and vibration department.

METHODSForty-three coal miners with the hand-arm vibration disease served as the observation group while 20 workers who were not working in the vibration department acted as the control group. The patients in the observation group were divided into five subgroups according to the time when they received vibration. The regularity of the development of signs and symptoms of MRI was observed and analyzed.

RESULTSThe hydroarthrosis was most found in MRI. There were significant difference in hydroarthrosis (chi(2) = 8.80, P < 0.01), osteoporosis and osteomyelitis (chi(2) = 3.91, chi(2) = 5.01, P < 0.05 respectively) between the observation group and the control group. The edema of bone marrow and the avascular necrosis of ossa carpi were found only in the observation group and not found in the control group. The hydroarthrosis and the edema of bone marrow occurred most in the early stage of vibration. The signal in the edema of the bone marrow of the distal end of the radius was decreased in the GE sequence T(2)WI with the specificity.

CONCLUSION(1) Changes in the wrist joint occur in the early stage of the vibration work, and can be found in the MRI. (2) The edema of the bone marrow of the distal end of the radius is of great value in the diagnosis of the hand-arm vibration disease.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Coal Mining ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vibration ; adverse effects ; Wrist Joint ; pathology

Five constituents were extracted from the aerial part of Paederia pertomentosa and isolated by column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data analysis. The isolated compounds were identified as 1,2-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone named as paederone (1), paederoside (2), deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester (3), paederosidic acid (4) and methylpaederosidate (5). Compound 1 is a new compound which exhibits a significant inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Compounds 2-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Rubiaceae ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the development of lactose intolerance in neonates with non-infectious diarrhea and its association with diarrhea, and to evaluate the diagnostic values of fecal pH value and urine galactose determination for neonatal lactase deficiency.

METHODSSeventy hospitalized neonates who developed non-infectious diarrhea between October 2012 and June 2015 were enrolled as the diarrhea group, and 162 hospitalized neonates without non-infectious diarrhea were enrolled as the non-diarrhea group. Test paper was used to determine fecal pH value. The galactose oxidase method was used to detect urine galactose. The neonates with positive galactose oxidase were diagnosed with lactase deficiency, and those with lactase deficiency and diarrhea were diagnosed with lactose intolerance. According to the results of urine galactose detection, 69 neonates in the diarrhea group who underwent urine galactose detection were classified into lactose intolerance group (45 neonates) and lactose tolerance group (24 neonates), and their conditions after treatment were compared between the two groups. The follow-up visits were performed for neonates with diarrhea at 3 months after discharge.

RESULTSFecal pH value and positive rate of urine galactose (65% vs 54%) showed no significant differences between the diarrhea and non-diarrhea groups (P>0.05). Fecal pH value showed no significant difference between the lactose intolerance and lactose tolerance groups (P>0.05), while the neonates in the lactose intolerance group had a significantly longer time to recovery of defecation than those in the lactose tolerance group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of lactase deficiency is high in neonates, and diarrhea due to lactose intolerance tends to occur. Determination of fecal pH value has no significance in the diagnosis of lactose intolerance in neonates with diarrhea.

Diarrhea, Infantile ; etiology ; Galactose ; urine ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant, Newborn ; Lactase ; deficiency ; Lactose Intolerance ; complications

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of ZGDHu-1 on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in SHI-1 human leukemia cell line and explore its possible mechanism. Methods SHI-1 cells were cultured with different concentration of ZGDHu-1 and for different time. The cell proliferation was analysed by cell counting, alive cell count, MTT assay and Brdu-ELISA. Cell apoptosis was analysed by morphology, DNA content, Annexin-V/PI and Hoechst 33258 labeling method. Cell differentiation were assayed by morphology,expression of CD11b,CD14 and CD64 and NBT reduction. The expressions of phosphorylated p38MAPK or STAT3 were analysed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSZGDHu-1 inhibited SHI-1 cell proliferation in a time and dose dependent manner, the IC50- 48 h and IC50- 72 h were 250 ng/ml and 85 ng/ml, respectively. The majority of SHI-1 cells were arrested in G2/M phase. 48h after treated with 200 ng/ml ZGDHu-1, and those in G2/M phase accounted for (48.4 +/- 2.1)%. The SHI-1 cells apoptosis was increased with a time- and does-dependent manner. The morphology of SHI-1 cells cultured with 2-50 ng/ml ZGDHu-1 for three days become more mature with higher NBT positivity and up-regulated expressions of CD11b,CD14 and CD64. The expression of phosphor-p38MAPK was increased and phosphor-STAT3 down-regulated by the treatment of ZGDHu-1.

CONCLUSIONZGDHu-1 can inhibit SHI-1 cell proliferation and induce the cell differentiation and apoptosis. The mechanism may associate with its up-regulation of phosphor-p38MAPK and down-regulation phosphor-STAT3.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Formamides ; pharmacology ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Phosphorylation ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; biosynthesis ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; biosynthesis