Objective To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects achieved by nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery (NPGS) in patientswith open angle glaucoma. Methods Randomized controlled trials evaluating patientswith primary and secondary open angle glaucoma treated with NPGS were identified and were subjected to systematic review analysis. The main outcome measurements included the percentage of IOP reduction and the complete success rate. The pooled estimates were calculated using the random effect model by comprehensive meta-analysis software version 2. 0. Results Both deep sclerectomy (DS) and viscocanalostomy (VCO) were less effective than trabeculectomy (TE) in lowering IOP, with the of IOP reduction percent at 2 years being 35. 2% for DS, 30. 2% for VCO, and 45. 6% for TE. Intraoperative use of implants and mitomycin C (MMC) improved IOP-lowering effects of DS, with IOP reduction at percent 2 years being 41. 1% and 41. 7%, respectively. The complete success rates at 4 years were 35. 4% for DS and 22. 7% for VCO, lower than that of TE (47. 6%). The complete success rates of DS with implants and MMC were 64. 6% and 52. 1 % at 4 years, respectively, both being higher than that of primary DS. NPGS caused less complications than TE. Conclusion Primary deep sclerectomy and primary viscocanalostomy can significantly lower IOP and have less complication than TE. However, the IOP-lowering effect of NPGS is slighter than primary TE. The efficacy of DS can be improved by intraoperative use of implants and MMC.

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic effect of Pushen capsule (PSC) in treating primary hyperlipidemia.

METHODSTwo hundred and forty patients with primary hyperlipidemia were randomly divided into two groups, the 120 patients in the treated group treated with PSC (4 capsules, tid) and the 120 patients in the control group treated with Zhibituo tablet (3 tablets, tid), and they were administered at the same time with Zhibituo placebo. The therapeutic course for both groups was 4 weeks. The therapeutic effect and the effects on blood lipids and viscosity were observed.

RESULTSThe effective rate in the treated group was 76.3%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (48.7%, P < 0.01). PSC showed a significant lowering effect on TC, TG and LDL-C and raising effect on HDL-C, and the effect in lowering TG was significantly better than that of Zhibituo (P < 0.01). PSC also showed a certain effect in decreasing whole blood viscosity of both high-sheared and low-sheared viscosity.

CONCLUSIONPushen capsule has promising blood lipid regulating effect in patients with hyperlipidemia, and some effects in lowering the blood viscosity.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Viscosity ; Capsules ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; drug therapy ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Prospective Studies ; Triglycerides ; blood

Objective To compare the efficacy of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(US-FNA)biopsy in diagnosing solid and complex thyroid nodules with different size. Methods One hundred and seventy-five thyroid FNA biopsies were prospectively performed on 168 patients ranging from 4 to 75 years of age. Sixty-three nodules were surgically excised and the others were clinically followed-up. The cytology diagnoses were categorized into four groups: benign, malignant, suspicious and unsatisfactory. Results There was no significant complication in the all 115 solid and 60 complex thyroid lesions and there were 36and 3 malignant nodules respectively in solid and complex thyroid nodules. The nondiagnostic rates of solid and complex nodules were 7％ and 8％. The accuracy of US-FNA in diagnosing complex thyroid nodules was comparatively equal to that of in solid thyroid nodules. In solid thyroid nodules, the sensitivity and accuracy in ≤1 cm group were similar to that of in ＞1 cm group. Conclusions US-FNA was an accurate and reliable method to diagnose thyroid solid and complex lesions.

Several mitochondrial dysfunctions in obesity and diabetes include impaired mitochondrial membrane potential, excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, reduced mitochondrial DNA, increased mitochondrial Ca2+ flux, and mitochondrial dynamics disorders. Mitophagy, specialized autophagy, is responsible for clearing dysfunctional mitochondria in physiological and pathological conditions. As a paradox, inhibition and activation of mitophagy have been observed in obesity and diabetes-related heart disorders, with both exerting bidirectional effects. Suppressed mitophagy is beneficial to mitochondrial homeostasis, also known as benign mitophagy. On the contrary, in most cases, excessive mitophagy is harmful to dysfunctional mitochondria elimination and thus is defined as detrimental mitophagy. In obesity and diabetes, two classical pathways appear to regulate mitophagy, including PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-dependent mitophagy and receptors/adapters-dependent mitophagy. After the pharmacologic interventions of mitophagy, mitochondrial morphology and function have been restored, and cell viability has been further improved. Herein, we summarize the mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy alterations in obesity and diabetes, as well as the underlying upstream mechanisms, in order to provide novel therapeutic strategies for the obesity and diabetes-related heart disorders.